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-rw-r--r--apps/desugar.subx4117
1 files changed, 4117 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/apps/desugar.subx b/apps/desugar.subx
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+# Desugar a few kinds of syntax.
+#
+# 1.
+#   $ echo "ab %eax"  |  ./subx run apps/desugar
+#   ab 3/mod 0/rm32
+#
+# 2.
+#   $ echo "ab *eax"  |  ./subx run apps/desugar
+#   ab 0/mod 0/rm32
+#
+# 3.
+#   $ echo "ab *(eax+4)"  |  ./subx run apps/desugar
+#   ab 2/mod 0/rm32 4/disp32
+#
+# 4.
+#   $ echo "ab *(eax+ecx)"  |  ./subx run apps/desugar
+#   ab 0/mod 4/rm32 0/base 1/index 0/scale
+#
+# 5.
+#   $ echo "ab *(eax+ecx+4)"  |  ./subx run apps/desugar
+#   ab 2/mod 4/rm32 0/base 1/index 0/scale 4/disp32
+#
+# 6.
+#   $ echo "ab *(eax+ecx<<2+4)"  |  ./subx run apps/desugar
+#   ab 2/mod 4/rm32 0/base 1/index 2/scale 4/disp32
+#
+# Addition isn't commutative here. Template must always be (base+index<<scale+disp),
+# though some components are optional as described above.
+#
+# No metadata allowed inside '*(...)'.
+# Whitespace inside '*(...)' is ok. But not immediately after the '*' or '%'.
+
+== code
+#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
+# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
+# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes
+
+Entry:  # run tests if necessary, convert stdin if not
+    # initialize heap
+    # . Heap = new-segment(Heap-size)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Heap-size/disp32                  # push *Heap-size
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+
+    # run tests if necessary, convert stdin if not
+    # . prolog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # - if argc > 1 and argv[1] == "test", then return run_tests()
+    # . argc > 1
+    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0/disp8         1/imm32           # compare *EBP
+    7e/jump-if-lesser-or-equal  $run-main/disp8
+    # . argv[1] == "test"
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "test"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  kernel-string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . check result
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  1/imm32
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $run-main/disp8
+    # . run-tests()
+    e8/call  run-tests/disp32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/EBX   Num-test-failures/disp32          # copy *Num-test-failures to EBX
+    eb/jump  $main:end/disp8
+$run-main:
+    # - otherwise convert stdin
+    # convert(Stdin, Stdout)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stdout/imm32
+    68/push  Stdin/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  convert/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x8/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . syscall(exit, 0)
+    bb/copy-to-EBX  0/imm32
+$main:end:
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32/exit
+    cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
+
+# error messages considered:
+#   *x + 34                 -> error: base+disp addressing must be within '()'
+convert:  # in : (address buffered-file), out : (address buffered-file) -> <void>
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   var line = new-stream(512, 1)
+    #   while true
+    #     clear-stream(line)
+    #     read-line-buffered(in, line)
+    #     if (line->write == 0) break                     # end of file
+    #     while true
+    #       var word-slice = next-word-or-expression(line)
+    #       if slice-empty?(word-slice)                   # end of line
+    #         break
+    #       if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")        # comment
+    #         continue
+    #       if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, '%')        # direct mode
+    #         emit-direct-mode(word-slice, out)
+    #       else if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, '*')   # indirect mode
+    #         base, index, scale, disp = parse-effective-address(word-slice)
+    #         emit-indirect-mode(out, base, index, scale, disp)
+    #       else if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, '+')
+    #         abort("'+' only permitted within '*(...)'")
+    #       else
+    #         write-slice-buffered(out, word-slice)
+    #       write(out, " ")
+    #     write(out, "\n")
+    #   flush(out)
+    #
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-EAX
+    51/push-ECX
+    52/push-EDX
+    53/push-EBX
+    # var line/ECX : (address stream byte) = stream(512)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x200/imm32       # subtract from ESP
+    68/push  0x200/imm32/length
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # var word-slice/EDX = {0, 0}
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/EDX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EDX
+$convert:line-loop:
+    # clear-stream(line)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # read-line-buffered(in, line)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  read-line-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+$convert:check0:
+    # if (line->write == 0) break
+    81          7/subop/compare     0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # compare *ECX
+    0f 84/jump-if-equal  $convert:break/disp32
+$convert:word-loop:
+    # next-word-or-expression(line, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-EDX
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+$convert:check1:
+    # if (slice-empty?(word-slice)) break
+    # . EAX = slice-empty?(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . if (EAX != 0) break
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0/imm32
+    0f 85/jump-if-not-equal  $convert:next-line/disp32
+$convert:check-for-comment:
+    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")) continue
+    # . start/EBX = word-slice->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/EDX    .           .             .           3/r32/EBX   .               .                 # copy *EDX to EBX
+    # . c/EAX = *start
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # clear EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/EBX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *EBX to AL
+    # . if (EAX == '#') continue
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x23/imm32/hash
+    74/jump-if-equal  $convert:word-loop/disp8
+$convert:check-for-direct-mode:
+    # if (!slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "%")) goto next check
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x25/imm32/percent
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $convert:check-for-indirect-mode/disp8
+$convert:direct-mode:
+#?     # dump word-slice {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "w: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "w: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . clear-stream(Stderr+4)
+#?     # . . save EAX
+#?     50/push-EAX
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     b8/copy-to-EAX  Stderr/imm32
+#?     05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+#?     50/push-EAX
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . . restore EAX
+#?     58/pop-to-EAX
+#?     # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, word-slice)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     52/push-EDX
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # emit-direct-mode(word-slice, out)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-direct-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $convert:next-word/disp32
+$convert:check-for-indirect-mode:
+    # if (!slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "*")) goto next check
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x2a/imm32/asterisk
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $convert:check-for-invalid-addition/disp8
+$convert:indirect-mode:
+    # spill registers
+    50/push-EAX
+    51/push-ECX
+    52/push-EDX
+    53/push-EBX
+    # base/EAX, index/ECX, scale/EDX, disp/EBX = parse-effective-address(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # emit-indirect-mode(out, base, index, scale, disp)
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-EBX
+    52/push-EDX
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to ESP
+    # restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-EBX
+    5a/pop-to-EDX
+    59/pop-to-ECX
+    58/pop-to-EAX
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $convert:next-word/disp32
+$convert:check-for-invalid-addition:
+    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "+")) goto error1
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x2b/imm32/plus
+    74/jump-if-equal  $convert:error1/disp8
+$convert:check-for-invalid-left-shift:
+    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "<")) goto error1
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x3c/imm32/less-than
+    74/jump-if-equal  $convert:error1/disp8
+$convert:regular-word:
+    # write-slice-buffered(out, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-EDX
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # fall through
+$convert:next-word:
+    # write-buffered(out, " ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # loop
+    e9/jump  $convert:word-loop/disp32
+$convert:next-line:
+    # write-buffered(out, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Newline/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # loop
+    e9/jump  $convert:line-loop/disp32
+$convert:break:
+    # flush(out)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+$convert:end:
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x214/imm32       # add to ESP
+    # . restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-EBX
+    5a/pop-to-EDX
+    59/pop-to-ECX
+    58/pop-to-EAX
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+$convert:error1:
+    # print(stderr, "error: '" EAX "' only permitted within '*(...)' in '" line "'")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: '")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: '"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-byte-buffered(Stderr, EAX)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-EAX
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-byte-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "' only permitted within '*(...)' in '")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "' only permitted within '*(...)' in '"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-stream-data(Stderr, line)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-stream-data/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "'")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "'"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-EBX  1/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32/exit
+    cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
+    # never gets here
+
+test-convert-passes-most-words-through:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== abcd 0x1")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== abcd 0x1"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # convert(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  convert/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "== abcd 0x1 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-convert-passes-most-words-through"/imm32
+    68/push  "== abcd 0x1 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-convert-direct-mode:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab %ecx")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab %ecx"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # convert(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  convert/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 3/mod/direct 0x00000001/rm32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-convert-direct-mode"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 3/mod/direct 0x00000001/rm32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-convert-register-indirect-mode:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *ecx")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *ecx"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # convert(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  convert/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 0/mod/indirect 0x00000001/rm32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-convert-indirect-mode"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 0/mod/indirect 0x00000001/rm32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-convert-register-indirect-mode-without-displacement:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *(ecx)")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *(ecx)"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # convert(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  convert/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 0/mod/indirect 1/rm32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-convert-indirect-mode-without-displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 0/mod/indirect 0x00000001/rm32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-convert-register-indirect-mode-with-displacement:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *(ecx+4)")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *(ecx+4)"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # convert(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  convert/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 1/rm32 4/disp32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-convert-indirect-mode-with-displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 0x00000001/rm32 0x00000004/disp32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+# boss level
+test-convert-register-indirect-mode-with-sib-byte:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *(ecx + edx<<3 + 4)")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *(ecx + edx<<3 + 4)"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # convert(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  convert/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 1/base 2/index 3/scale 4/disp32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-convert-indirect-mode-with-sib-byte"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 0x00000001/base 0x00000002/index 0x00000003/scale 0x00000004/disp32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-convert-register-indirect-mode-with-sib-byte-negative-displacement:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *(ecx + edx<<3 - 4)")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *(ecx + edx<<3 - 4)"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # convert(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  convert/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 1/base 2/index 3/scale -4/disp32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-convert-indirect-mode-with-sib-byte-negative-displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 0x00000001/base 0x00000002/index 0x00000003/scale 0xfffffffc/disp32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+# beware: modifies 'word'
+emit-direct-mode:  # word : (address slice), out : (address buffered-file)
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-EAX
+    # ++word->start
+    # . EAX = word
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(EBP+8) to EAX
+    # . ++(*EAX)
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *EAX
+    # reg-num/EAX = get-slice(Registers, word, row-size=8)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Registers"/imm32
+    68/push  8/imm32/row-size
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    68/push  Registers/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to ESP
+    # write-buffered(out, "3/mod/direct ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "3/mod/direct "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # print-int32-buffered(out, *EAX)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *EAX
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  print-int32-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # write-buffered(out, "/rm32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/rm32"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+$emit-direct-mode:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    58/pop-to-EAX
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-direct-mode:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # var slice/ECX = "%eax"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "%eax"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # . ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # emit-direct-mode(str, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-direct-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "3/mod/direct 0/rm32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-direct-mode/0"/imm32
+    68/push  "3/mod/direct 0x00000000/rm32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-direct-mode-2:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # var slice/ECX = "%edi"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "%edi"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # . ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # emit-direct-mode(str/ECX, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-direct-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "3/mod/direct 7/rm32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-direct-mode/1"/imm32
+    68/push  "3/mod/direct 0x00000007/rm32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+# (re)compute the bounds of the next word or parenthetical expression in the line
+# return empty string on reaching end of file
+#
+# error messages considered:
+#   * ...                   -> error: no space after '*'
+#   *(...                   -> error: *(...) expression must be all on a single line
+next-word-or-expression:  # line : (address stream byte), out : (address slice)
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-EAX
+    51/push-ECX
+    56/push-ESI
+    57/push-EDI
+    # ESI = line
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           6/r32/ESI   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(EBP+8) to ESI
+    # EDI = out
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           7/r32/EDI   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(EBP+12) to EDI
+    # skip-chars-matching(line, ' ')
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32/space
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+$next-word-or-expression:check0:
+    # if (line->read >= line->write) clear out and return
+    # . EAX = line->read
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ESI+4) to EAX
+    # . if (EAX < line->write) goto next check
+    3b/compare                      0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # compare EAX with *ESI
+    7c/jump-if-lesser  $next-word-or-expression:check-for-comment/disp8
+    # . return out = {0, 0}
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # copy to *EDI
+    c7          0/subop/copy        1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         0/imm32           # copy to *(EDI+4)
+    eb/jump  $next-word-or-expression:end/disp8
+$next-word-or-expression:check-for-comment:
+    # out->start = &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ESI+4) to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/ESI  1/index/ECX   .           0/r32/EAX   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy ESI+ECX+12 to EAX
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to *EDI
+    # if (line->data[line->read] != '#') goto next check
+    # . EAX = line->data[line->read]
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # clear EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/ESI  1/index/ECX   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(ESI+ECX+12) to AL
+    # . compare
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x23/imm32/pound
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-word-or-expression:check-for-paren/disp8
+$next-word-or-expression:comment:
+    # out->end = &line->data[line->write]
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy *ESI to EAX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/ESI  0/index/EAX   .           0/r32/EAX   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy ESI+EAX+12 to EAX
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX to *(EDI+4)
+    # line->read = line->write  # skip rest of line
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy *ESI to EAX
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX to *(ESI+4)
+    # return
+    eb/jump  $next-word-or-expression:end/disp8
+$next-word-or-expression:check-for-paren:
+    # if (line->data[line->read] != '*') goto next check
+    # . EAX = line->data[line->read]
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # clear EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/ESI  1/index/ECX   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(ESI+ECX+12) to AL
+    # . compare
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x2a/imm32/asterisk
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-word-or-expression:regular-word/disp8
+    # if (line->data[line->read] == ' ') goto error1
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/ESI  1/index/ECX   .           0/r32/AL    0xd/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(ESI+ECX+12+1) to AL
+    # . compare
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x20/imm32/space
+    74/jump-if-equal  $next-word-or-expression:error1/disp8
+    # if (line->data[line->read] != '(') goto regular word
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/ESI  1/index/ECX   .           0/r32/AL    0xd/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(ESI+ECX+12+1) to AL
+    # . compare
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x28/imm32/open-paren
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-word-or-expression:regular-word/disp8
+$next-word-or-expression:paren:
+    # skip-until-close-paren(line)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-ESI
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # if (line->data[line->read] != ')') goto error2
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ESI+4) to ECX
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/ESI  1/index/ECX   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(ESI+ECX+12) to AL
+    # . compare
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-word-or-expression:error2/disp8
+    # skip ')'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # increment *(ESI+4)
+    # fall through
+$next-word-or-expression:regular-word:
+    # skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace(line)  # including trailing newline
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # out->end = &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ESI+4) to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/ESI  1/index/ECX   .           0/r32/EAX   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy ESI+ECX+12 to EAX
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX to *(EDI+4)
+$next-word-or-expression:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-EDI
+    5e/pop-to-ESI
+    59/pop-to-ECX
+    58/pop-to-EAX
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+$next-word-or-expression:error1:
+    # print(stderr, "error: no space allowed after '*' in '" line "'")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: no space allowed after '*' in '")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: no space allowed after '*' in '"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-stream-data(Stderr, line)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-ESI
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-stream-data/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "'")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "'"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-EBX  1/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32/exit
+    cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
+    # never gets here
+
+$next-word-or-expression:error2:
+    # print(stderr, "error: no space allowed after '*' in '" line "'")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: *(...) expression must be all on a single line in '")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: *(...) expression must be all on a single line in '"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-stream-data(Stderr, line)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-ESI
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-stream-data/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "'")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "'"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-EBX  1/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32/exit
+    cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
+    # never gets here
+
+test-next-word-or-expression:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # var slice/ECX = {0, 0}
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # write(_test-input-stream, "  ab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  ab"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-input-stream->read, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression/updates-stream-read-correctly"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(EAX+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream->data, 2, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream, 14, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xe/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy *ECX to EAX
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from EAX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream->data, 4, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream, 16, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x10/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ECX+4) to EAX
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from EAX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-comment:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # var slice/ECX = {0, 0}
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # write(_test-input-stream, "  # a")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  # a"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-input-stream->read, 5, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-comment/updates-stream-read-correctly"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(EAX+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream->data, 2, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream, 14, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-comment: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xe/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy *ECX to EAX
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from EAX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream->data, 5, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream, 17, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-comment: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x11/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ECX+4) to EAX
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from EAX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-or-expression-returns-empty-expression-on-eof:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # var slice/ECX = {0, 0}
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # write nothing to _test-input-stream
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - slice->start, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-empty-expression-on-eof"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - slice->start
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ECX+4) to EAX
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # subtract *ECX from EAX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-expression:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # var slice/ECX = {0, 0}
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # write(_test-input-stream, " *(a b)/imm32 ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " *(a b)/imm32 "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream->data, 1, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream, 13, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-expression: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xd/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy *ECX to EAX
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from EAX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream->data, 13, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream, 25, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-expression: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x19/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ECX+4) to EAX
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from EAX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+# Grammar:
+#   *reg                    -> 0/mod reg/rm32
+#   *(reg)                  -> 0/mod reg/rm32
+#   *(reg+disp)             -> 2/mod reg/rm32 disp/disp32
+#   *(reg1+reg2<<s)         -> 2/mod 4/rm32 reg1/base reg2/index s/scale 0/disp32
+#   *(reg1+reg2<<s+disp)    -> 2/mod 4/rm32 reg1/base reg2/index s/scale disp/disp32
+# Intermediate structure: base, index, scale, disp
+# Default values: base: 0, index: 4 (none), scale: 0, disp: 0
+# beware: modifies 'word'
+parse-effective-address:  # word : (address slice) -> base/EAX, index/ECX, scale/EDX, disp/EBX
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   ++word->start to skip '*'
+    #   initialize defaults: base=0, index=4, scale=0, disp=0
+    #   if (*word->start != '(') {
+    #     base = get-slice(Registers, word, row-size=8)
+    #     return
+    #   }
+    #   # compound expressions
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   read register into base
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   if (*word->start == ')') goto end
+    #   if (*word->start == '-') goto displacement
+    #   if (*word->start != '+') goto error2
+    #   ++word->start to skip '+'
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   if next 3 characters don't make a register, goto displacement
+    #   read register into index
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   if (*word->start == ')') goto end
+    #   if (*word->start == '<') {
+    #     ++word->start to skip '<'
+    #     if (*word->start != '<') goto error3
+    #     ++word->start to skip '<'
+    #     skip whitespace
+    #     read integer into scale
+    #     skip whitespace
+    #     if (*word->start == ')') goto end
+    #   }
+    #   if (*word->start not in '+' '-') goto error4
+    # displacement:
+    #   read integer into disp
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   if (*word->start != ')') goto error5
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # . save registers
+    56/push-ESI
+    57/push-EDI
+    # ESI = word
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           6/r32/ESI   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(EBP+8) to ESI
+    # ++word->start to skip '*'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *ESI
+    # initialize defaults
+    # base is in EDI; we'll move it to EAX just before we return
+    bf/copy-to-EDI  0/imm32
+    b9/copy-to-ECX  4/imm32/no-index
+    ba/copy-to-EDX  0/imm32/.scale
+    bb/copy-to-EBX  0/imm32/disp
+$parse-effective-address:check-for-simple-register:
+    # if (*word->start == '(') goto compound expression
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy *ESI to EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *EAX to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of EAX
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x28/imm32/open-paren
+    74/jump-if-equal  $parse-effective-address:compound-expression/disp8
+$parse-effective-address:simple-register:
+    # base = get-slice(Registers, word, row-size=8)
+    # . EAX = get-slice(Registers, word, row-size=8)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Registers"/imm32
+    68/push  8/imm32/row-size
+    56/push-ESI
+    68/push  Registers/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to ESP
+    # . base = *EAX
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           7/r32/EDI   .               .                 # copy *EAX to EDI
+    # return
+    e9/jump  $parse-effective-address:end/disp32
+$parse-effective-address:compound-expression:
+    # ++word->start to skip '('
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *ESI
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . EAX = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(word->start, word->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ESI+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ESI
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . word->start = EAX
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to *ESI
+    # read register into base
+    # . EAX = next-register(word)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-register/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . EDI = *EAX
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           7/r32/EDI   .               .                 # copy *EAX to EDI
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . EAX = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(word->start, word->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ESI+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ESI
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . word->start = EAX
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to *ESI
+    # if (*word->start == ')') goto end
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *EAX to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of EAX
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    0f 84/jump-if-equal  $parse-effective-address:end/disp32
+    # if (*word->start == '-') goto displacement
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x2d/imm32/minus
+    0f 84/jump-if-equal  $parse-effective-address:displacement/disp32
+    # if (*word->start != '+') goto error2
+$parse-effective-address:check-for-index:
+    # ++word->start to skip '+'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *ESI
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . EAX = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(word->start, word->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ESI+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ESI
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . word->start = EAX
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to *ESI
+$parse-effective-address:resolve-ambiguity:
+    # if next 3 characters don't make a register, goto displacement
+    # . spill ECX
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . var tmp/ECX = {word->start, word->start+3}
+    # . . ECX = word->start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to ECX
+    # . . EAX = word->start+3
+    05/add-to-EAX  3/imm32
+    # . . push
+    50/push-EAX
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . copy ESP to ECX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # . EAX = maybe-get-slice(Register, tmp, row-size=8)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  8/imm32/row-size
+    51/push-ECX
+    68/push  Registers/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  maybe-get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . reclaim tmp
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . restore ECX
+    59/pop-to-ECX
+    # . if (EAX == 0) goto displacement
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0/imm32
+    0f 84/jump-if-equal  $parse-effective-address:displacement/disp32
+$parse-effective-address:index:
+    # read register into index
+    # . EAX = next-register(word)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-register/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . ECX = *EAX
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . EAX = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(word->start, word->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ESI+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ESI
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . word->start = EAX
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to *ESI
+    # if (*word->start == ')') goto end
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *EAX to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of EAX
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    74/jump-if-equal  $parse-effective-address:end/disp8
+$parse-effective-address:check-for-scale:
+    # if (*word->start != '<') goto next check
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x3c/imm32/less-than
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $parse-effective-address:check-for-displacement/disp8
+    # ++word->start to skip '<'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *ESI
+    # if (*word->start != '<') goto error3
+    # ++word->start to skip '<'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *ESI
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . EAX = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(word->start, word->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ESI+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ESI
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . word->start = EAX
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to *ESI
+$parse-effective-address:scale:
+    # read positive integer into scale
+    # . EAX = next-positive-hex-int(word)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . EDX = EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/EDX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to EDX
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . EAX = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(word->start, word->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ESI+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ESI
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . word->start = EAX
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to *ESI
+    # if (*word->start == ')') goto end
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *EAX to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of EAX
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    74/jump-if-equal  $parse-effective-address:end/disp8
+$parse-effective-address:check-for-displacement:
+    # if (*word->start not in '+' '-') goto error4
+$parse-effective-address:displacement:
+    # read integer into disp
+    # . EAX = next-hex-int(word)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . EBX = EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/EBX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to EBX
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . EAX = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(word->start, word->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ESI+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ESI
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . word->start = EAX
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to *ESI
+    # if (*word->start != ')') goto error5
+$parse-effective-address:end:
+    # return base in EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           7/r32/EDI   .               .                 # copy EDI to EAX
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-EDI
+    5e/pop-to-ESI
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+# assumes 'in' starts with a register name, and returns pointer to its code
+# side-effect: modifies 'in' to scan past the initial register name
+next-register:  # in : (address slice) -> reg/EAX : int
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ECX
+    56/push-ESI
+    # ESI = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           6/r32/ESI   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(EBP+8) to ESI
+    # var reg-slice/ECX : (address slice) = {in->start, in->start + 3}
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy *ESI to EAX
+    05/add-to-EAX  3/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ESI
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # in->start += 3
+    81          0/subop/add         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           .           .               3/imm32           # add to *ESI
+    # EAX = get-slice(Registers, word, row-size=8)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "next-register"/imm32
+    68/push  8/imm32/row-size
+    51/push-ECX
+    68/push  Registers/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to ESP
+$next-register:end:
+    # reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-ESI
+    59/pop-to-ECX
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-simple:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # var slice/ECX = "*esi"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*esi"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # . ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-simple/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/ESI
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-simple/index"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32/none
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EDX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-simple/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EBX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-simple/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    53/push-EBX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # var slice/ECX = "*(esi  )"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*(esi  )"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # . ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/ESI
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base/index"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32/none
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EDX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EBX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    53/push-EBX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # var slice/ECX = "*(esi+3)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*(esi+3)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # . ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/ESI
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement/index"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32/none
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EDX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EBX, 3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    53/push-EBX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # var slice/ECX = "*(esi-3)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*(esi-3)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # . ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/ESI
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement/index"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32/none
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EDX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EBX, -3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  -3/imm32
+    53/push-EBX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-index:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # var slice/ECX = "*(esi+ecx)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*(esi+ecx)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # . ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/ESI
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index/index"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32/none
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EDX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EBX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    53/push-EBX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # var slice/ECX = "*(esi+ecx<<2)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*(esi+ecx<<2)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # . ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/ESI
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/index"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32/none
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EDX, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EBX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    53/push-EBX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale-displacement:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # var slice/ECX = "*(esi + ecx<<2 - 0x34)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*(esi + ecx<<2 - 0x34)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # . ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/ESI
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/index"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32/none
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EDX, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EBX, -0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  -0x34/imm32
+    53/push-EBX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+# Code generation:
+#   if index is none and disp is 0, then mod = 0 and rm32 = base
+#   if index is none, then mod = 2 and rm32 = base and disp32 = disp
+#   if index is not none, then mod = 2 and rm32 = 4 and base = base and index = index and disp32 = disp
+emit-indirect-mode:  # out : (address buffered-file), base : int, index : int, scale : int, disp : int
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+$emit-indirect-mode:check-for-sib:
+    # if (index == 4/none) goto next check
+    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      4/imm32           # compare *(EBP+16)
+    0f 84/jump-if-equal  $emit-indirect-mode:check-for-disp/disp32
+$emit-indirect-mode:emit-sib:
+    # emit(out, "2/mod/indirect 4/rm32/sib " base "/base " index "/index " scale "/scale " disp "/disp32")
+    # . write-buffered(out, "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . print-int32-buffered(out, base)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  print-int32-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/base ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/base "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . print-int32-buffered(out, index)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(EBP+16)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  print-int32-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/index ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/index "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . print-int32-buffered(out, scale)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(EBP+20)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  print-int32-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/scale ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/scale "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . print-int32-buffered(out, disp)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(EBP+24)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  print-int32-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/disp32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/disp32"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    e9/jump  $emit-indirect-mode:end/disp32
+$emit-indirect-mode:check-for-disp:
+    # if (disp == 0) goto next check
+    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      0/imm32           # compare *(EBP+24)
+    74/jump-if-equal  $emit-indirect-mode:emit-indirect/disp8
+$emit-indirect-mode:emit-disp:
+    # emit(out, "2/mod/*+disp32 " base "/rm32 " disp "/disp32")
+    # . write-buffered(out, "2/mod/*+disp32 ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . print-int32-buffered(out, base)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  print-int32-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/rm32 ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/rm32 "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . print-int32-buffered(out, disp)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(EBP+24)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  print-int32-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/disp32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/disp32"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    eb/jump  $emit-indirect-mode:end/disp8
+$emit-indirect-mode:emit-indirect:
+    # emit(out, "0/mod/indirect " base "/rm32")
+    # . write-buffered(out, "0/mod/indirect ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "0/mod/indirect "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . print-int32-buffered(out, base)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(EBP+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  print-int32-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/rm32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/rm32"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(EBP+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+$emit-indirect-mode:end:
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 0, 4/none, 0, 0)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  0/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  4/imm32/.index/none
+    68/push  0/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to ESP
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "0/mod/indirect 0/rm32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode"/imm32
+    68/push  "0/mod/indirect 0x00000000/rm32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-2:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 6, 4/none, 0, 0)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  0/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  4/imm32/.index/none
+    68/push  7/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to ESP
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "0/mod/indirect 7/rm32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-2"/imm32
+    68/push  "0/mod/indirect 0x00000007/rm32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-with-disp:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 6, 4/none, 0, 4)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  4/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  4/imm32/.index/none
+    68/push  6/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to ESP
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "2/mod/*+disp32 6/rm32 4/disp32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-with-disp"/imm32
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 0x00000006/rm32 0x00000004/disp32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-with-disp-negative:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 6, 4/none, 0, -4)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  -4/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  4/imm32/.index/none
+    68/push  6/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to ESP
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "2/mod/*+disp32 6/rm32 -4/disp32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-with-disp"/imm32
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 0x00000006/rm32 0xfffffffc/disp32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-with-sib:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-buffered-file+4)
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 6/base, 1/index, 2/scale, 4/disp)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  4/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  2/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  1/imm32/.index
+    68/push  6/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to ESP
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "2/mod/indirect 4/rm32/sib 6/base 1/index 2/scale 4/disp", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-with-sib"/imm32
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 0x00000006/base 0x00000001/index 0x00000002/scale 0x00000004/disp32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+# update line->read to ')'
+# line->read ends at ')'
+skip-until-close-paren:  # line : (address stream)
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-EAX
+    51/push-ECX
+    52/push-EDX
+    # ECX = line
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .                         1/r32/ECX   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(EBP+8) to ECX
+    # EAX = skip-until-close-paren-in-slice(&line->data[line->read], &line->data[line->write])
+    # . . push &line->data[line->write]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ECX    .           .                         2/r32/EDX   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ECX+8) to EDX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    1/base/ECX  2/index/EDX   .           2/r32/EDX   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy ECX+EDX+12 to EDX
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . push &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ECX    .           .                         2/r32/EDX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ECX+4) to EDX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    1/base/ECX  2/index/EDX   .           2/r32/EDX   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy ECX+EDX+12 to EDX
+    52/push-EDX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # line->read = EAX - line->data
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # subtract ECX from EAX
+    2d/subtract-from-EAX  0xc/imm32
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ECX    .           .                         0/r32/EAX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX to *(ECX+4)
+$skip-until-close-paren:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5a/pop-to-EDX
+    59/pop-to-ECX
+    58/pop-to-EAX
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "*(abc) def")
+    # .                   indices:  0123 45
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "*(abc) def"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # precondition: line->read == 0
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren/precondition"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(EAX+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # skip-until-close-paren(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(line->read, 5, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(EAX+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-ignores-spaces:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "*(a b)/yz")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "*(a b)/yz"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # precondition: line->read == 0
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-ignores-spaces/precondition"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(EAX+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # skip-until-close-paren(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(line->read, 5, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-ignores-spaces"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(EAX+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-works-from-mid-stream:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "0 *(a b)/yz")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "0 *(a b)/yz"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # precondition: _test-input-stream->read == 2
+    c7          0/subop/copy        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         2/imm32           # copy to *(EAX+4)
+    # skip-until-close-paren(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-input-stream->read, 7, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-works-from-mid-stream"/imm32
+    68/push  7/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(EAX+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:  # curr : (address byte), end : (address byte) -> new_curr/EAX
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ECX
+    52/push-EDX
+    # ECX = curr
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .                         1/r32/ECX   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(EBP+8) to ECX
+    # EDX = end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .                         2/r32/EDX   0xc/disp8         .               # copy *(EBP+12) to EDX
+    # EAX = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # clear EAX
+    # skip initial dquote
+    41/increment-ECX
+$skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:loop:
+    # if (curr >= end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           2/r32/EDX   .               .                 # compare ECX with EDX
+    73/jump-if-greater-unsigned-or-equal  $skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:break/disp8
+    # AL = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+$skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:check-close:
+    # if (EAX == ')') break
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    74/jump-if-equal  $skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:break/disp8
+    # ++curr
+    41/increment-ECX
+    eb/jump  $skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:loop/disp8
+$skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:break:
+    # return curr
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy ECX to EAX
+$skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5a/pop-to-EDX
+    59/pop-to-ECX
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup: (EAX..ECX) = "*(abc) def"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*(abc) def"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # EAX = skip-until-close-paren-in-slice(EAX, ECX)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX-EAX, 5, msg)  # EAX is at the ')'
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    # . . push ECX-EAX
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # subtract EAX from ECX
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice-ignores-spaces:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup: (EAX..ECX) = "*(a b)/yz"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*(a b)/yz"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # EAX = skip-until-close-paren-in-slice(EAX, ECX)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX-EAX, 4, msg)  # EAX is at the ')'
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice-ignores-spaces"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    # . . push ECX-EAX
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # subtract EAX from ECX
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice-stops-at-end:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # setup: (EAX..ECX) = "*(abc"  # unbalanced dquote
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "*(abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # EAX = skip-until-close-paren-in-slice(EAX, ECX)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(ECX-EAX, 0, msg)  # skipped to end of slice
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice-stops-at-end"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push ECX-EAX
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # subtract EAX from ECX
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+# assumes 'in' starts with optional '+' or '-', optional whitespace, and an unsigned integer
+# returns the value of the integer
+# side-effect: modifies 'in' to skip past the integer
+next-hex-int:  # in : (address slice) -> result/EAX
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ECX
+    52/push-EDX
+    53/push-EBX
+    56/push-ESI
+    57/push-EDI
+    # result/EDI = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           7/r32/EDI   .               .                 # clear EDI
+    # ESI = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           6/r32/ESI   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(EBP+8) to ESI
+    # EDX = in->end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           2/r32/EDX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ESI+4) to EDX
+    # curr/ECX = in->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *ESI to ECX
+    # negate?/EBX = false
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/EBX    .           .             .           3/r32/EBX   .               .                 # clear EBX
+    # EAX = *curr
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # clear EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+$next-hex-int:positive:
+    # if (*curr == '+') ++curr
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x2b/imm32/+
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-hex-int:negative/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ECX
+    eb/jump  $next-hex-int:skip-whitespace/disp8
+$next-hex-int:negative:
+    # else if (*curr == '-') ++curr, negate = true
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x2d/imm32/-
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-hex-int:skip-whitespace/disp8
+$next-hex-int:need-to-negate:
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ECX
+    # . negate = true
+    bb/copy-to-EBX  1/imm32/true
+    # fall through
+$next-hex-int:skip-whitespace:
+    # spill EAX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # EAX = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(word->start, word->end)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-EDX
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # ECX = EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # copy EAX to ECX
+    # restore EAX
+    58/pop-to-EAX
+$next-hex-int:initial-0:
+    # skip past leading '0x'
+    # . if (*curr != '0') jump to loop
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x30/imm32/0
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-hex-int:loop/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ECX
+$next-hex-int:initial-0x:
+    # . if (curr >= in->end) return result
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           2/r32/EDX   .               .                 # compare ECX with EDX
+    73/jump-if-greater-or-equal-unsigned  $next-hex-int:end/disp8
+    # . if (*curr != 'x') jump to loop  # the previous '0' is still valid so doesn't need to be checked again
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # clear EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x78/imm32/x
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-hex-int:loop/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ECX
+$next-hex-int:loop:
+    # if (curr >= in->end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           2/r32/EDX   .               .                 # compare ECX with EDX
+    73/jump-if-greater-or-equal-unsigned  $next-hex-int:break/disp8
+    # if (!is-hex-digit?(*curr)) break
+    # . EAX = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+    # . EAX = is-hex-digit?(*curr)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  is-hex-digit?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . if (EAX == 0) break
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0/imm32
+    74/jump-if-equal  $next-hex-int:break/disp8
+    # EAX = from-hex-char(*curr)
+    # . . copy arg to EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  from-hex-char/disp32
+    # result = result * 16 + EAX
+    c1/shift    4/subop/left        3/mod/direct    7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm8            # shift EDI left by 4 bits
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # add EAX to EDI
+    # ++curr
+    41/increment-ECX
+    # loop
+    eb/jump  $next-hex-int:loop/disp8
+$next-hex-int:break:
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/EBX    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # compare EBX
+    74/jump-if-equal  $next-hex-int:end/disp8
+$next-hex-int:negate:
+    f7          3/subop/negate      3/mod/direct    7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # negate EDI
+$next-hex-int:end:
+    # word->start = curr
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy ECX to *ESI
+    # return EDI
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           7/r32/EDI   .               .                 # copy EDI to EAX
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-EDI
+    5e/pop-to-ESI
+    5b/pop-to-EBX
+    5a/pop-to-EDX
+    59/pop-to-ECX
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+$next-hex-int:abort:
+    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "next-hex-int: invalid hex char: "/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . clear-stream(Stderr+4)
+    # . . save EAX
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . push args
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  Stderr/imm32
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . . restore EAX
+    58/pop-to-EAX
+    # . print-int32-buffered(Stderr, EAX)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-EAX
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  print-int32-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . _write(2/stderr, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "\n"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-EBX  1/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32/exit
+    cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
+    # never gets here
+
+test-next-hex-int-single-digit:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "+a)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "+a)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 0xa, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-single-digit"/imm32
+    68/push  0xa/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-multi-digit:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "+ 34a)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "+ 34a)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 0x34a, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-multi-digit"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34a/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-0x-prefix:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "+0x34)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "+0x34)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-0x-prefix"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-zero:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "+0)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "+0)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-zero"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-0-prefix:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "+ 03)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "+ 03)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-0-prefix"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-negative:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "-03)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "-03)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, -3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-negative"/imm32
+    68/push  -3/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-negative-with-space:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "- 03)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "- 03)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, -3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-negative-with-space"/imm32
+    68/push  -3/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+# assumes 'in' starts a positive unsigned integer
+# returns the value of the integer
+# side-effect: modifies 'in' to skip past the integer
+next-positive-hex-int:  # in : (address slice) -> result/EAX
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ECX
+    52/push-EDX
+    53/push-EBX
+    56/push-ESI
+    57/push-EDI
+    # result/EDI = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           7/r32/EDI   .               .                 # clear EDI
+    # ESI = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           6/r32/ESI   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(EBP+8) to ESI
+    # EDX = in->end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           2/r32/EDX   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ESI+4) to EDX
+    # curr/ECX = in->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *ESI to ECX
+    # negate?/EBX = false
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/EBX    .           .             .           3/r32/EBX   .               .                 # clear EBX
+    # EAX = *curr
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # clear EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+$next-positive-hex-int:initial-0:
+    # skip past leading '0x'
+    # . if (*curr != '0') jump to loop
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x30/imm32/0
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-positive-hex-int:loop/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ECX
+$next-positive-hex-int:initial-0x:
+    # . if (curr >= in->end) return result
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           2/r32/EDX   .               .                 # compare ECX with EDX
+    73/jump-if-greater-or-equal-unsigned  $next-positive-hex-int:end/disp8
+    # . if (*curr != 'x') jump to loop  # the previous '0' is still valid so doesn't need to be checked again
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # clear EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0x78/imm32/x
+    75/jump-if-not-equal  $next-positive-hex-int:loop/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ECX
+$next-positive-hex-int:loop:
+    # if (curr >= in->end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           2/r32/EDX   .               .                 # compare ECX with EDX
+    73/jump-if-greater-or-equal-unsigned  $next-positive-hex-int:end/disp8
+    # if (!is-hex-digit?(*curr)) break
+    # . EAX = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+    # . EAX = is-hex-digit?(*curr)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  is-hex-digit?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # . if (EAX == 0) break
+    3d/compare-EAX-and  0/imm32
+    74/jump-if-equal  $next-positive-hex-int:end/disp8
+    # EAX = from-hex-char(*curr)
+    # . . copy arg to EAX
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ECX to AL
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  from-hex-char/disp32
+    # result = result * 16 + EAX
+    c1/shift    4/subop/left        3/mod/direct    7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm8            # shift EDI left by 4 bits
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    7/rm32/EDI    .           .             .           0/r32/EAX   .               .                 # add EAX to EDI
+    # ++curr
+    41/increment-ECX
+    # loop
+    eb/jump  $next-positive-hex-int:loop/disp8
+$next-positive-hex-int:end:
+    # word->start = curr
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/ESI    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy ECX to *ESI
+    # return EDI
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           7/r32/EDI   .               .                 # copy EDI to EAX
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-EDI
+    5e/pop-to-ESI
+    5b/pop-to-EBX
+    5a/pop-to-EDX
+    59/pop-to-ECX
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-single-digit:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "a)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "a)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 0xa, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-single-digit"/imm32
+    68/push  0xa/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-multi-digit:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "34a)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "34a)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 0x34a, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-multi-digit"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34a/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-0x-prefix:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "0x34)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "0x34)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-0x-prefix"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-zero:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "0"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "0"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-zero"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-0-prefix:
+    # . prolog
+    55/push-EBP
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to EBP
+    # (EAX..ECX) = "03)"
+    b8/copy-to-EAX  "03)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/EAX    .           .             .           1/r32/ECX   .               .                 # copy *EAX to ECX
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/EAX  1/index/ECX   .           1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy EAX+ECX+4 to ECX
+    05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ECX = {EAX, ECX}
+    51/push-ECX
+    50/push-EAX
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX    .           .             .           4/r32/ESP   .               .                 # copy ESP to ECX
+    # EAX = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ECX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ESP
+    # check-ints-equal(EAX, 3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-0-prefix"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    50/push-EAX
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to ESP
+    # . epilog
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           5/r32/EBP   .               .                 # copy EBP to ESP
+    5d/pop-to-EBP
+    c3/return
+
+== data
+Registers:  # (table string int)
+  # a table is a stream
+  0x40/imm32/write
+  0/imm32/read
+  0x40/imm32/length
+  # data
+  "eax"/imm32  0/imm32
+  "ecx"/imm32  1/imm32
+  "edx"/imm32  2/imm32
+  "ebx"/imm32  3/imm32
+  "esp"/imm32  4/imm32
+  "ebp"/imm32  5/imm32
+  "esi"/imm32  6/imm32
+  "edi"/imm32  7/imm32
+
+# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0