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diff --git a/html/053continuation.cc.html b/html/053continuation.cc.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1118064c --- /dev/null +++ b/html/053continuation.cc.html @@ -0,0 +1,282 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> +<html> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> +<title>Mu - 053continuation.cc</title> +<meta name="Generator" content="Vim/7.4"> +<meta name="plugin-version" content="vim7.4_v1"> +<meta name="syntax" content="cpp"> +<meta name="settings" content="use_css,pre_wrap,no_foldcolumn,expand_tabs,prevent_copy="> +<meta name="colorscheme" content="minimal"> +<style type="text/css"> +<!-- +pre { white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; } +body { font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; } +* { font-size: 1.05em; } +.traceContains { color: #008000; } +.cSpecial { color: #008000; } +.Constant { color: #00a0a0; } +.SalientComment { color: #00ffff; } +.traceAbsent { color: #c00000; } +.Comment { color: #9090ff; } +.Delimiter { color: #a04060; } +.Special { color: #ff6060; } +.Identifier { color: #804000; } +.CommentedCode { color: #6c6c6c; } +--> +</style> + +<script type='text/javascript'> +<!-- + +--> +</script> +</head> +<body> +<pre id='vimCodeElement'> +<span class="Comment">//: Continuations are a powerful primitive for constructing advanced kinds of</span> +<span class="Comment">//: control *policies* like back-tracking. They're usually provided using a</span> +<span class="Comment">//: primitive called 'call-cc': <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call-with-current-continuation)">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call-with-current-continuation)</a></span> +<span class="Comment">//: But in mu 'call-cc' is constructed out of a combination of two primitives:</span> +<span class="Comment">//: 'current-continuation', which returns a continuation, and</span> +<span class="Comment">//: 'continue-from', which takes a continuation to switch to.</span> + +<span class="Comment">//: todo: implement continuations in mu's memory</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Globals")</span> +map<long long int<span class="Delimiter">,</span> call_stack> Continuation<span class="Delimiter">;</span> +long long int Next_continuation_id = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Setup")</span> +Continuation<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span> +Next_continuation_id = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Mu Types Initialization")</span> +type_ordinal continuation = Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">"continuation"</span>] = Next_type_ordinal++<span class="Delimiter">;</span> +Type[continuation]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = <span class="Constant">"continuation"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")</span> +CURRENT_CONTINUATION<span class="Delimiter">,</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")</span> +Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">"current-continuation"</span>] = CURRENT_CONTINUATION<span class="Delimiter">;</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")</span> +case CURRENT_CONTINUATION: <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + <span class="Comment">// copy the current call stack</span> + Continuation[Next_continuation_id] = Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// deep copy because calls have no pointers</span> + <span class="Comment">// make sure calling the copy doesn't spawn the same continuation again</span> + ++Continuation[Next_continuation_id]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>front<span class="Delimiter">().</span>running_step_index<span class="Delimiter">;</span> + products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> + products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Next_continuation_id<span class="Delimiter">);</span> + ++Next_continuation_id<span class="Delimiter">;</span> + trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"current-continuation"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"new continuation "</span> << Next_continuation_id << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> + <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> +<span class="Delimiter">}</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")</span> +CONTINUE_FROM<span class="Delimiter">,</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")</span> +Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">"continue-from"</span>] = CONTINUE_FROM<span class="Delimiter">;</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")</span> +case CONTINUE_FROM: <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + raise << current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> << <span class="Constant">": first ingredient of 'continue-from' should be a continuation id generated by 'current-continuation', but got "</span> << current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string << <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> + <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> + <span class="Delimiter">}</span> + long long int c = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> + Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls = Continuation[c]<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// deep copy; calls have no pointers</span> + <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// skip rest of this instruction</span> +<span class="Delimiter">}</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario continuation)</span> +<span class="Comment"># simulate a loop using continuations</span> +recipe main [ + <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span> + <span class="Constant">2</span>:continuation<span class="Special"> <- </span>current-continuation + <span class="Delimiter">{</span> +<span class="CommentedCode">#? $print 1:number</span> + <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>greater-or-equal <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">3</span> + <span class="Identifier">break</span>-if <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean + <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>add <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span> + <span class="Identifier">continue</span>-from <span class="Constant">2</span>:continuation <span class="Comment"># loop</span> + <span class="Delimiter">}</span> +] +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 1 in location 1</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 3 in location 1</span> +<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 4 in location 1</span> +<span class="Comment"># ensure every iteration doesn't copy the stack over and over</span> +$current-continuation: <span class="Constant">1</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario continuation_inside_caller)</span> +<span class="CommentedCode">#? % Trace_stream->dump_layer = "all"; #? 1</span> +recipe main [ + <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span> + <span class="Constant">2</span>:continuation<span class="Special"> <- </span>loop-body + <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>greater-or-equal <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">3</span> + <span class="Identifier">break</span>-if <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean + <span class="Identifier">continue</span>-from <span class="Constant">2</span>:continuation <span class="Comment"># loop</span> + <span class="Delimiter">}</span> +] + +recipe loop-body [ + <span class="Constant">4</span>:continuation<span class="Special"> <- </span>current-continuation + <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>add <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span> +] +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 1 in location 1</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 3 in location 1</span> +<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 4 in location 1</span> + +<span class="SalientComment">//:: A variant of continuations is the 'delimited' continuation that can be called like any other recipe.</span> +<span class="Comment">//:</span> +<span class="Comment">//: In mu, this is constructed out of two primitives:</span> +<span class="Comment">//:</span> +<span class="Comment">//: * 'create-delimited-continuation' lays down a mark on the call</span> +<span class="Comment">//: stack and calls the provided function (it is sometimes called 'prompt')</span> +<span class="Comment">//: * 'reply-current-continuation' copies the top of the stack until the</span> +<span class="Comment">//: mark, and returns it as the response of create-delimited-continuation</span> +<span class="Comment">//: (which might be a distant ancestor on the call stack; intervening calls</span> +<span class="Comment">//: don't return)</span> +<span class="Comment">//:</span> +<span class="Comment">//: The resulting slice of the stack can now be called just like a regular</span> +<span class="Comment">//: function.</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario delimited_continuation)</span> +recipe main [ + <span class="Constant">1</span>:continuation<span class="Special"> <- </span>create-delimited-continuation f:recipe <span class="Constant">12</span> <span class="Comment"># 12 is an argument to f</span> + <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">5</span> + <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>call <span class="Constant">1</span>:continuation<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number <span class="Comment"># 2 is an argument to g, the 'top' of the continuation</span> + <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>greater-or-equal <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">8</span> + <span class="Identifier">break</span>-if <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean + loop + <span class="Delimiter">}</span> +] + +recipe f [ + <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>next-ingredient + <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>g <span class="Constant">11</span>:number + reply <span class="Constant">12</span>:number +] + +recipe g [ + <span class="Constant">21</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>next-ingredient + rewind-ingredients + reply-delimited-continuation + <span class="Comment"># calls of the continuation start from here</span> + <span class="Constant">22</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>next-ingredient + <span class="Constant">23</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>add <span class="Constant">22</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span> + reply <span class="Constant">23</span>:number +] +<span class="CommentedCode">#? ?</span> +<span class="Comment"># first call of 'g' executes the part before reply-delimited-continuation</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 12 in location 21</span> +<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number <- copy 5</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 5 in location 2</span> +<span class="Comment"># calls of the continuation execute the part after reply-delimited-continuation</span> +<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number <- call 1:continuation, 2:number</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 5 in location 22</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 6 in location 2</span> +<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number <- call 1:continuation, 2:number</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 6 in location 22</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 7 in location 2</span> +<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number <- call 1:continuation, 2:number</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 7 in location 22</span> +<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 8 in location 2</span> +<span class="Comment"># first call of 'g' does not execute the part after reply-delimited-continuation</span> +<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 12 in location 22</span> +<span class="Comment"># calls of the continuation don't execute the part before reply-delimited-continuation</span> +<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 5 in location 21</span> +<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 6 in location 21</span> +<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 7 in location 21</span> +<span class="Comment"># termination</span> +<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 9 in location 2</span> + +<span class="Comment">//: 'create-delimited-continuation' is like 'call' except it adds a 'reset' mark to</span> +<span class="Comment">//: the call stack</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End call Fields")</span> +bool is_reset<span class="Delimiter">;</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End call Constructor")</span> +is_reset = <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> + +<span class="Comment">//: like call, but mark the current call as a 'reset' call before pushing the next one on it</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")</span> +CREATE_DELIMITED_CONTINUATION<span class="Delimiter">,</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")</span> +Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">"create-delimited-continuation"</span>] = CREATE_DELIMITED_CONTINUATION<span class="Delimiter">;</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")</span> +case CREATE_DELIMITED_CONTINUATION: <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>front<span class="Delimiter">().</span>is_reset = <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> + Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_front<span class="Delimiter">(</span>call<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal[current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name]<span class="Delimiter">));</span> + ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>erase<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">());</span> <span class="Comment">// drop the callee</span> + <span class="Identifier">goto</span> call_housekeeping<span class="Delimiter">;</span> +<span class="Delimiter">}</span> + +<span class="Comment">//: save the slice of current call stack until the 'create-delimited-continuation'</span> +<span class="Comment">//: call, and return it as the result.</span> +<span class="Comment">//: todo: implement delimited continuations in mu's memory</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Globals")</span> +map<long long int<span class="Delimiter">,</span> call_stack> Delimited_continuation<span class="Delimiter">;</span> +long long int Next_delimited_continuation_id = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Setup")</span> +Delimited_continuation<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span> +Next_delimited_continuation_id = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")</span> +REPLY_DELIMITED_CONTINUATION<span class="Delimiter">,</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")</span> +Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">"reply-delimited-continuation"</span>] = REPLY_DELIMITED_CONTINUATION<span class="Delimiter">;</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")</span> +case REPLY_DELIMITED_CONTINUATION: <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + <span class="Comment">// first clear any existing ingredients, to isolate the creation of the</span> + <span class="Comment">// continuation from its calls</span> + Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>front<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredient_atoms<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span> + Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>front<span class="Delimiter">().</span>next_ingredient_to_process = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> + <span class="Comment">// copy the current call stack until the most recent 'reset' call</span> + call_stack::iterator find_reset<span class="Delimiter">(</span>call_stack& c<span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// manual prototype containing '::'</span> + call_stack::iterator reset = find_reset<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">);</span> + if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>reset == Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + raise << current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> << <span class="Constant">": couldn't find a 'reset' call to jump out to</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> + <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> + <span class="Delimiter">}</span> + Delimited_continuation[Next_delimited_continuation_id] = call_stack<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> reset<span class="Delimiter">);</span> + while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">()</span> != reset<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + --Callstack_depth<span class="Delimiter">;</span> + Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>pop_front<span class="Delimiter">();</span> + <span class="Delimiter">}</span> + <span class="Comment">// return it as the result of the 'reset' call</span> + products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> + products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Next_delimited_continuation_id<span class="Delimiter">);</span> + ++Next_delimited_continuation_id<span class="Delimiter">;</span> + <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// continue to process rest of 'reset' call</span> +<span class="Delimiter">}</span> + +<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> +call_stack::iterator find_reset<span class="Delimiter">(</span>call_stack& c<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>call_stack::iterator p = c<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != c<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> + if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>p<span class="Delimiter">-></span>is_reset<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> p<span class="Delimiter">;</span> + <span class="Identifier">return</span> c<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> +<span class="Delimiter">}</span> + +<span class="Comment">//: overload 'call' for continuations</span> +<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Begin Call")</span> + if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> + && !current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> + && current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">"continuation"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + <span class="Comment">// copy multiple calls on to current call stack</span> + assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)));</span> + if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Delimited_continuation<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> == Delimited_continuation<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> + raise << current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> << <span class="Constant">": no such delimited continuation "</span> << current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string << <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> + <span class="Delimiter">}</span> + const call_stack& new_calls = Delimited_continuation[ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span> + for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>call_stack::const_reverse_iterator p = new_calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>rbegin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != new_calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>rend<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> + Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_front<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">);</span> + ++current_step_index<span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span class="Comment">// skip past the reply-delimited-continuation</span> + ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>erase<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">());</span> <span class="Comment">// drop the callee</span> + <span class="Identifier">goto</span> call_housekeeping<span class="Delimiter">;</span> + <span class="Delimiter">}</span> +</pre> +</body> +</html> +<!-- vim: set foldmethod=manual : --> |