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+//: A simple test harness. To create new tests, define functions starting with
+//: 'test_'. To run all tests so defined, run:
+//:   $ ./bootstrap test
+//:
+//: Every layer should include tests, and can reach into previous layers.
+//: However, it seems like a good idea never to reach into tests from previous
+//: layers. Every test should be a contract that always passes as originally
+//: written, regardless of any later layers. Avoid writing 'temporary' tests
+//: that are only meant to work until some layer.
+
+:(before "End Types")
+typedef void (*test_fn)(void);
+:(before "Globals")
+// move a global ahead into types that we can't generate an extern declaration for
+const test_fn Tests[] = {
+  #include "test_list"  // auto-generated; see 'build*' scripts
+};
+
+:(before "End Globals")
+bool Run_tests = false;
+bool Passed = true;  // set this to false inside any test to indicate failure
+
+:(before "End Includes")
+#define CHECK(X) \
+  if (Passed && !(X)) { \
+    cerr << "\nF - " << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << "): " << #X << '\n'; \
+    Passed = false; \
+    return;  /* Currently we stop at the very first failure. */ \
+  }
+
+#define CHECK_EQ(X, Y) \
+  if (Passed && (X) != (Y)) { \
+    cerr << "\nF - " << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << "): " << #X << " == " << #Y << '\n'; \
+    cerr << "  got " << (X) << '\n';  /* BEWARE: multiple eval */ \
+    Passed = false; \
+    return;  /* Currently we stop at the very first failure. */ \
+  }
+
+:(before "End Reset")
+Passed = true;
+
+:(before "End Commandline Parsing")
+if (argc > 1 && is_equal(argv[1], "test")) {
+  Run_tests = true;  --argc;  ++argv;  // shift 'test' out of commandline args
+}
+
+:(before "End Main")
+if (Run_tests) {
+  // Test Runs
+  // we run some tests and then exit; assume no state need be maintained afterward
+
+  long num_failures = 0;
+  // End Test Run Initialization
+  time_t t;  time(&t);
+  cerr << "C tests: " << ctime(&t);
+  for (size_t i=0;  i < sizeof(Tests)/sizeof(Tests[0]);  ++i) {
+//?     cerr << "running " << Test_names[i] << '\n';
+    run_test(i);
+    if (Passed) cerr << '.';
+    else ++num_failures;
+  }
+  cerr << '\n';
+  // End Tests
+  if (num_failures > 0) {
+    cerr << num_failures << " failure"
+         << (num_failures > 1 ? "s" : "")
+         << '\n';
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+:(after "End Main")
+//: Raise other unrecognized sub-commands as errors.
+//: We couldn't do this until now because we want `./bootstrap test` to always
+//: succeed, no matter how many layers are included in the build.
+cerr << "nothing to do\n";
+return 1;
+
+:(code)
+void run_test(size_t i) {
+  if (i >= sizeof(Tests)/sizeof(Tests[0])) {
+    cerr << "no test " << i << '\n';
+    return;
+  }
+  reset();
+  // End Test Setup
+  (*Tests[i])();
+  // End Test Teardown
+}
+
+//: Convenience: run a single test
+:(before "Globals")
+// Names for each element of the 'Tests' global, respectively.
+const string Test_names[] = {
+  #include "test_name_list"  // auto-generated; see 'build*' scripts
+};
+:(after "Test Runs")
+string maybe_single_test_to_run = argv[argc-1];
+for (size_t i=0;  i < sizeof(Tests)/sizeof(Tests[0]);  ++i) {
+  if (Test_names[i] == maybe_single_test_to_run) {
+    run_test(i);
+    if (Passed) cerr << ".\n";
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+//: A pending test that also serves to put our test harness through its paces.
+
+:(code)
+void test_is_equal() {
+  CHECK(is_equal("", ""));
+  CHECK(!is_equal("", "foo"));
+  CHECK(!is_equal("foo", ""));
+  CHECK(!is_equal("f", "bar"));
+  CHECK(!is_equal("bar", "f"));
+  CHECK(!is_equal("bar", "ba"));
+  CHECK(!is_equal("ba", "bar"));
+  CHECK(is_equal("bar", "bar"));
+}
+
+:(before "End Includes")
+#include <stdlib.h>