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Diffstat (limited to 'tutorial')
-rw-r--r-- | tutorial/index.md | 56 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tutorial/task12-solution.mu | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tutorial/task12.mu | 6 |
3 files changed, 64 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/tutorial/index.md b/tutorial/index.md index 335390d5..8e605d88 100644 --- a/tutorial/index.md +++ b/tutorial/index.md @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ it. Just [get in touch](http://akkartik.name/contact). (You can look at `tutorial/task1.mu` at this point if you like. It's just 3 lines long. But don't worry if it doesn't make much sense.) -## Task 2: running tests +## Task 2: running automated tests Here's a new program to run: @@ -91,14 +91,16 @@ This time the screen will look like this: <img alt='screenshot of failing test on the Mu computer' src='task2.png'> -Each of the dots represents a _test_, a little self-contained and automated -program run and its results verified. Mu comes with a lot of tests (every -function starting with 'test-' is a test), and it always runs all tests on -boot before it runs any program. You may have missed the dots when you ran +Each of the dots represents an automated _test_, a little self-contained and +automated program run and its results verified. Mu comes with a lot of tests +(every function starting with 'test-' is a test), and it always runs all tests +on boot before it runs any program. You may have missed the dots when you ran Task 1 because there were no failures. They were printed on the screen and then immediately erased. In Task 2, however, we've deliberately included a failing test. When any tests fail, Mu will immediately stop, showing you -messages from failing tests and implicitly asking you to first fix them. +messages from failing tests and implicitly asking you to first fix them. A lot +of learning programming is about building a sense for when you need to write +tests for the code you write. (Don't worry just yet about what the message in the middle of all the dots means.) @@ -452,3 +454,45 @@ two. The section on [integer arithmetic](https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/main/mu.md#integer-arithmetic) is again worth referring to when working on this task. + +## Task 12: fun with some graphics + +Here's a program to draw a rectangle on screen: + +``` +fn main screen: (addr screen) { + draw-line screen, 0x100/x1 0x100/y1, 0x300/x2 0x100/y2, 3/color=green + draw-line screen, 0x100/x1 0x200/y1, 0x300/x2 0x200/y2, 3/color=green + draw-line screen, 0x100/x1 0x100/y1, 0x100/x2 0x200/y2, 3/color=green + draw-line screen, 0x300/x1 0x100/y1, 0x300/x2 0x200/y2, 3/color=green +} +``` + +Play around with this function a bit, commenting out some statements with a +leading `#` and rerunning the program. Build up a sense for how the statements +map to lines on screen. + +Modify the rectangle to start at the top-left corner on screen. How about +other corners? + +Notice the `screen` variable. The `main` function always has access to a +`screen` variable, and any function wanting to draw screen will need this +variable. Later you'll learn to create and pass _fake screens_ within +automated tests, so that we can maintain confidence that our graphics +functions work as expected. + +The “real” screen on a Mu computer is sized to 1024 (0x400) pixels +wide and 768 (0x300) pixels tall by default. Each pixel can take on 256 +colors. Many other screen configurations are possible, but it'll be up to you +to learn how to get to them. + +Graphics in Mu often involve literal integer constants. To help remember what +they mean, you can attach _comment tokens_ -- any string without whitespace -- +to a literal integer after a `/`. For example, an argument of `1` can +sometimes mean the width of a line, and at other times mean a boolean with a +true value. Getting into the habit of including comment tokens is an easy way +to make your programs easier to understand. + +Another thing to notice in this program is the commas. Commas are entirely +optional in Mu, and it can be handy to drop them selectively to group +arguments together. diff --git a/tutorial/task12-solution.mu b/tutorial/task12-solution.mu new file mode 100644 index 00000000..caf7a935 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/task12-solution.mu @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Here's one way to draw a rectangle from the top-left corner of screen. +# Lots of other solutions are possible. +fn main screen: (addr screen) { + draw-line screen, 1/x1 1/y1, 0x300/x2 1/y2, 3/color=green + draw-line screen, 1/x1 0x200/y1, 0x300/x2 0x200/y2, 3/color=green + draw-line screen, 1/x1 1/y1, 1/x2 0x200/y2, 3/color=green + draw-line screen, 0x300/x1 1/y1, 0x300/x2 0x200/y2, 3/color=green +} diff --git a/tutorial/task12.mu b/tutorial/task12.mu new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1f35be21 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/task12.mu @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +fn main screen: (addr screen) { + draw-line screen, 0x100/x1 0x100/y1, 0x300/x2 0x100/y2, 3/color=green + draw-line screen, 0x100/x1 0x200/y1, 0x300/x2 0x200/y2, 3/color=green + draw-line screen, 0x100/x1 0x100/y1, 0x100/x2 0x200/y2, 3/color=green + draw-line screen, 0x300/x1 0x100/y1, 0x300/x2 0x200/y2, 3/color=green +} |