.\"	$xxxterm$
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011 Marco Peereboom <marco@peereboom.us>
.\" Copyright (c) 2011 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate$
.Dt XXXTERM 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm xxxterm
.Nd lightweight web browser
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm xxxterm
.Bk -words
.Op Fl nSTtV
.Op Fl f Ar file
.Op Fl s Ar session_name
.Op Ar url ...
.Ek
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is a minimalistic web browser that tries to stay out of the way so that
valuable screen real estate can be used for much more important stuff.
It has sane defaults and does not require one to learn a language to do any
configuration.
It was written by hackers for hackers
and it strives to be small, compact, and fast.
.Pp
.Nm
is very simple in its use.
Most actions are initiated via key or mouse bindings.
Key bindings are based on those of the
.Xr vi 1
text editor,
giving web browsing a similar feel to navigating a text document.
The
.Sx KEY BINDINGS
section below documents the various defaults and possible customizations.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl f Ar file
Specify an alternative configuration file.
.It Fl n
Open a new tab in a running
.Nm
for each specified URL.
This option requires
.Cm enable_socket
to be enabled.
.It Fl S
Disable the toolbar.
.It Fl s Ar session_name
Open session that was saved with ":session save" command.
.It Fl T
Disable visualization of tabs.
.It Fl t
Disable tabs.
.It Fl V
Display version and exit.
.El
.Sh FAST STARTUP
The following notation is used throughout this page:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It Cm C-
Control
.It Cm S-
Shift
.It Cm M1-
Meta 1 (sometimes marked Alt)
.It Cm M2-
Meta 2
.It Cm M3-
Meta 3
.It Cm M4-
Meta 4 (sometimes marked Windows)
.It Cm M5-
Meta 2
.It Cm MB1
Mouse button 1
.El
.Pp
To browse to a specific address,
either use the mouse to click on the address bar
or press
.Cm F6
to shift the keyboard focus to the address bar.
The address is then entered manually.
.Pp
The mouse can be used to navigate the page in the traditional manner,
or the keyboard can be used instead.
For example,
.Cm PageUp
and
.Cm PageDown
will scroll up and down the page.
.Pp
To follow a link,
either click on it or use the
.Cm f
key and have
.Nm
assign numbers to each link on the page;
entering that number on the keyboard will prompt
.Nm
to follow the link.
.Sh KEY BINDINGS
.Nm
provides many actions accessed via key or mouse bindings.
Most can be reprogrammed using a
.Cm keybinding
entry in the configuration file.
Each keyboard shortcut requires exactly one entry in the configuration file.
A shortcut can have multiple entries in the configuration file.
The format of the keybinding entry is as follows:
.Pp
.D1 keybinding = action,keystroke(s)
.Pp
For example, "keybinding = tabnew,C-t" where
.Cm tabnew
is the action and
.Cm C-t
are
the keystrokes.
The
.Cm clearall
key word is special and is meant to reset the key binding list to the GTK+
and WebKit defaults.
This keyword should be the first
.Cm keybinding
entry in the configuration file.
.Pp
Shift should be used sparingly since it gets in the way of non-USA keyboards.
See the accompanying configuration file for examples.
.Pp
The various bindings are documented below.
The relevant keybinding action is given afterwards, in parentheses.
.Ss Search Commands
These commands are used to search for text strings within a web page.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It Cm /
Start a search
.It Cm \&?
Start a backwards search
.It Cm n
Next item matching search
.Pq Cm searchnext
.It Cm N
Previous item matching search
.Pq Cm searchprev
.El
.Ss Focus Commands
These commands are used to shift the focus of
.Nm
from one area to another.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It Cm F6
Focus on address bar
.Pq Cm focusaddress
.It Cm F7
Focus on search entry
.Pq Cm focussearch
.El
.Ss Command Aliases
These commands allow the user to map specific actions to specific keys.
It can be useful when the
.Fl S
option is used.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It Cm F9
Alias for ":open"
.It Cm F10
Alias for ":open current-uri"
.It Cm F11
Alias for ":tabnew"
.It Cm F12
Alias for ":tabnew current-uri"
.El
.Ss Navigation Commands
These commands allow the user to navigate web pages and,
to some extent,
control the browser.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "Space, C-f, PageDownXXX" -offset indent -compact
.It Cm F5, C-r, C-l
Reload page
.Pq Cm reload
.It Cm C-R
Reload page without using any cached data
.Pq Cm reloadforce
.It Cm Backspace, M-Left
Previous page
.Pq Cm goback
.It Cm S-BackSpace, M-Right
Forward page
.Pq Cm goforward
.It Cm j, Down
Next line on page
.Pq Cm scrolldown
.It Cm k, Up
Previous line on page
.Pq Cm scrollup
.It Cm G, End
Bottom of page
.Pq Cm scrollbottom
.It Cm gg, Home
Top of page
.Pq Cm scrolltop
.It Cm Space, C-f, PageDown
Page down
.Pq Cm scrollpagedown
.It Cm C-b, PageUp
Page up
.Pq Cm scrollpageup
.It Cm l, Right
Page right
.Pq Cm scrollright
.It Cm h, Left
Page left
.Pq Cm scrollleft
.It Cm $
Page far right
.Pq Cm scrollfarright
.It Cm 0
Page far left
.Pq Cm scrollfarleft
.It Cm M-f
Favorites
.Pq Cm favorites
.It Cm M-j
Cookie jar
.Pq Cm cookiejar
.It Cm M-d
Download manager
.Pq Cm downloadmgr
.It Cm C-p
Print page
.Pq Cm print
.It Cm M-h
Global history
.Pq Cm history
.It Cm C-j
Toggle Java Script enabled for FQDN
.Pq Cm togglejs
.It Cm C-s
Toggle source view
.Pq Cm togglesrc
.It Cm M-c
Toggle cookie enabled for FQDN
.Pq Cm togglecookie
.El
.Ss Tab Manipulation
.Nm
supports tabbed browsing.
That is, web pages may be opened in separate tabs,
allowing the user to quickly move from one page to another,
and back.
These commands then are used to create, destroy, and move between tabs.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "C-plus, C-equalXXX" -offset indent -compact
.It Cm C-MB1
Open new tab with the clicked link
.It Cm C-t
Create new tab with focus in URL entry
.Pq Cm tabnew
.It Cm C-w
Destroy current tab
.Pq Cm tabclose
.It Cm U
Undo close tab
.Pq Cm tabundoclose
.It Cm C-Left
Go to the previous tab
.Pq Cm tabgotoprev
.It Cm C-Right
Go to the next tab
.Pq Cm tabgotonext
.It Cm C-[1..0]
Jump to page
.Ar N
.Pq Cm tabgoto[1..0]
.It Cm C-minus
Shrink font size by one point
.Pq Cm focusout
.It Cm C-plus, C-equal
Grow font size by one point
.Pq Cm focusin
.El
.Ss Yanking and pasting
These commands copy and paste text to and from the clipboard.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It Cm p
Paste the contents of the clipboard into the address bar
.Pq Cm pasteuricur
.It Cm P
Paste the contents of the clipboard into a new tab
.Pq Cm pasteurinew
.It Cm y
Yank the current URL into the clipboard
.Pq Cm yankuri
.El
.Ss Hyperlink Following
This allows the user to follow hyperlinks
without using a mouse.
Enter the corresponding number to follow the link.
Alternatively one can type the name of the link and when there are no more
possibilities
.Nm
will follow the link.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It Cm f
Highlight all links and prefix them with a number.
.Pq Cm hinting
.El
.Ss Exiting
Commands to exit the browser.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It Cm C-q
Quit
.Pq Cm quit
.El
.Sh COMMAND MODE
Command mode works in a similar fashion to the
.Xr vi 1
editor;
it is entered by typing a colon and exited by typing Esc.
The commands and their descriptions are listed below.
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent
.It Cm about , version
Show the "About" page.
.It Cm ca
Display CA certificates.
.It Cm cert , cert show
Download and display certificates of domain on tab.
.It Cm cert save
Save certificate into a local store.
The next time the site is visited it is compared against the store.
If the certificate matches,
the address bar will be blue;
if it doesn't the bar will be red.
.It Cm cookie
The
.Cm cookie
command is used to manipulate the cookie whitelist.
Used by itself it expands to
.Cm cookie show all .
.It Cm cookies
Show cookie jar contents.
.It Cm cookie save, cookie save fqdn
Save the current fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
to the persistent whitelist.
For example,
the www.peereboom.us domain would result in saving .www.peereboom.us.
.It Cm cookie save domain
Save the top level domain name to the persistent whitelist.
For example,
the www.peereboom.us domain would result in saving .peereboom.us.
.Pp
This action enables cookies if it is currently disabled for this entry.
.It Cm cookie show all
Show all persistent and session entries in the cookie whitelist.
.It Cm cookie show persistent
Show all persistent entries in the cookie whitelist.
.It Cm cookie show session
Show all session entries in the cookie whitelist.
.It Cm cookie toggle domain
Toggle cookie support for the current top level domain.
.It Cm cookie toggle, cookie toggle fqdn
Toggle Java Script execution for the current FQDN.
.It Cm dl
Show download manager.
.It Cm fav
Show favorites.
.It Cm favadd
Add the current page to favorites.
.It Cm fullscreen , f
Toggle hiding tabs and url entry toolbar.
.It Cm h , hist , history
Show global history.
.It Cm help
Show help page.
.It Cm home
Go to home URL.
.It Cm js
The
.Cm js
command is used to manipulate the Java Script whitelist.
Used by itself it expands to
.Cm js show all .
.It Cm js save, save fqdn
Saves the FQDN to the persistent whitelist.
For example,
the www.peereboom.us domain would result in saving .www.peereboom.us.
.It Cm js save domain
Saves the top level domain name to the persistent whitelist.
For example,
the www.peereboom.us domain would result in saving .peereboom.us.
.Pp
This action enables Java Script if it is currently disabled for this entry.
.It Cm js show all
Shows all persistent and session entries in the JS whitelist.
.It Cm js show persistent
Shows all persistent entries in the JS whitelist.
.It Cm js show session
Shows all session entries in the JS whitelist.
.It Cm js toggle, js toggle fqdn
Toggle Java Script execution for the current FQDN.
.It Cm js toggle domain
Toggle Java Script execution for the current top level domain.
.It Cm open , op , o URL
Open URL.
.It Cm print
Print page.
.It Cm qa , qa! , q!
Quit
.Nm .
.It Cm quit , q
Close current tab and quit
.Nm
if it is the last tab.
.It Cm restart
Restart
.Nm
and reload all current tabs.
.It Cm session , Cm session show
Display the current session name.
By default the session name is main_session.
To create a new session use the
.Cm session save
command.
A session is defined as the lifetime of the browser application.
.It Cm session delete <session_name>
Delete session session_name from persistent storage.
If session_name is the current session then the session will revert to
main_session.
.It Cm session open <session_name>
Open session_name and close all currently open tabs.
Going forward this session is named session_name.
.It Cm session save <session_name>
Save current tabs to session_name session.
This will close the current session and going forward this session is named
session_name.
.It Cm stats
Show blocked cookie statistics.
These statistics vary based on settings and are not persistent.
.It Cm statushide , statush
Hide status bar.
.It Cm statusshow , statuss
Show status bar.
.It Cm tabclose , tabc
Close current tab.
.It Cm tabhide , tabh
Hide tabs.
.It Cm tabnew , tabedit , tabe URL
Create new tab and optionally open provided URL.
.It Cm tabnext , tabn
Go to the next tab.
.It Cm tabprevious , tabp
Go to the previous tab.
.It Cm tabshow , tabs
Show tabs.
.It Cm urlhide , urlh
Hide url entry and tool bar.
.It Cm urlshow , urls
Show url entry and tool bar.
.It Cm w
Save open tabs to current session.
The tabs will be restored next time
.Nm
the session is opened.
See the session command for additional details.
.It Cm wq , wq!
Save open tabs and quit.
The tabs will be restored next time
.Nm
the session is opened.
See the session command for additional details.
.El
.Sh ABOUT SCREENS
The about screens are internally generated web pages by
.Nm
for user interaction.
These are entered in the address bar and the format is
.Cm about:screen
where screen is the desired screen to display.
For example about:favorites.
Any about screen can be used as the home page as specified by
.Cm home
in the configuration file.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "downloadsXXX" -offset indent -compact
.It Cm about
show the about screen
.It Cm blank
show a blank screen
.It Cm cookiewl
show the cookie whitelist screen
.It Cm cookiejar
show the cookiejar screen
.It Cm downloads
show the downloads screen
.It Cm favorites
show the favorites screen
.It Cm help
show the help web page
.It Cm history
show the history screen
.It Cm jswl
show the Java Script whitelist screen
.It Cm set
show the settings screen
.It Cm stats
show the statistics screen
.El
.Sh WHITELISTS
This section descibes advanced usage settings.
Most users should use
.Cm browser_mode
instead to setup
.Nm
and skip over this section.
.Pp
.Nm
has a number of whitelists to control blocking cookies and Java Script
execution for FQDNs or domains.
When properly enabled these whitelists require either the FQDN or top level
domain to exist in the whitelists in order to allow cookies to be stored or
Java Script to execute.
Both Java Script and cookies have two whitelists associated with them.
The whitelists are called session and persistent.
Items in the session whitelists are only allowed for the lifetime of the
.Nm
instance.
Items in the persistent whitelists are stored on disk and are restored
upon restarting.
.Pp
Setting up the whitelists is a little tricky due to intricacies of WebKit.
In fact the semantics are different for cookies and Java Script.
.Pp
Cookie whitelist requires the following configuration to be set:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "enable_cookie_whitelistXXX" -offset indent -compact
.It Cm cookies_enabled
This is a WebKit setting and must be set to
.Pa 1
(ENABLED)
in order to be able to use a
cookie whitelist.
.It Cm enable_cookie_whitelist
This needs to be set to
.Pa 1
to enable the cookie whitelist functionality.
.It Cm cookie_wl
These entries in the configuration file are the actual domains names in the
cookie whitelist.
.El
.Pp
Java Script whitelist requires the following configuration to be set:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "enable_js_whitelistXXX" -offset indent -compact
.It Cm enable_scripts
This is a WebKit setting and must be set to
.Pa 0
(DISABLED)
in order to be able to use a
Java Script whitelist.
.It Cm enable_js_whitelist
This needs to be set to
.Pa 1
to enable the Java Script whitelist functionality.
.It Cm js_wl
These entries in the configuration file are the actual domains names in the
Java Script whitelist.
.El
.Pp
See the
.Pa FILES
section for additional configuration file entries and details
that alter runtime behavior.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "/etc/xxxterm.confXXX" -compact
.It Pa ~/.xxxterm.conf
.Nm
user specific settings.
.It Pa ~/.xxxterm
.Nm
scratch directory.
.El
.Pp
.Nm
tries to open the user specific file,
.Pa ~/.xxxterm.conf .
If that file is unavailable,
it then uses built-in defaults.
.Pp
The format of the file is \*(Ltkeyword\*(Gt = \*(Ltsetting\*(Gt.
For example:
.Pp
.Dl http_proxy = http://127.0.0.1:8080
.Pp
Enabling or disabling an option is done by using 1 or 0 respectively.
.Pp
The file supports the following keywords:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "enable_cookie_whitelistXXX" -offset indent -compact
.It Cm alias
Defines an alias for a given URL, so that the URL is loaded when the alias is
entered in the address bar.
If the aliased URL includes a %s format specifier, then any argument given after
the alias on the address bar is substituted.
For example, if g,http://www.google.com/search?q=%s is defined as an alias,
then the URL http://www.google.com/search?q=foo is loaded when navigating to
"g foo".
.It Cm allow_volatile_cookies
If set cookies are stored in the session cache but will be discarded once
.Nm
exits.
Unfortunately enabling this does allow for some limited tracking on the web.
.It Cm append_next
When set a new tab is appended after the current tab instead of being appended
as the last tab.
.It Cm browser_mode
The
.Nm
browser has 2 default operating modes:
.Pa normal
(the default) or
.Pa whitelist .
In the
.Pa normal
mode the browser allows all cookies and Java Script as any other browser
would.
This means that all cookies are saved to persistent storage and that all
Java Script runs.
.Pp
On the other hand, using the
.Pa whitelist
mode enables whitelists.
This requires the user to add all the required
.Pa cookie_wl
and
.Pa js_wl
items.
If a domain does not appear in the whitelists
.Nm
disallows cookies and Java Script execution.
.Pp
This setting must be the first entry in
.Pa ~/.xxxterm.conf
because it sets advanced settings that can be overridden later in the file.
See the default config file for more details.
.It Cm cookie_policy
This field delineates the cookie policy.
Possible values are: no3rdparty, reject 3rd party cookies.
accept, accept all cookies.
reject, reject all cookies.
.It Cm cookie_wl
This is a cookie whitelist item.
Use multiple times to add multiple entries.
Valid entries are for example *.moo.com and the equivalent .moo.com.
A fully qualified host is also valid and is for example www.moo.com.
.It Cm cookies_enabled
Enable cookies.
.It Cm ctrl_click_focus
Give focus in newly created tab instead of opening it in the background.
.It Cm default_font_size
Set the default browsing font size.
.It Cm download_dir
Locations where files are downloaded to.
This directory must exist and
.Nm
validates that during startup.
.It Cm enable_cookie_whitelist
When enabled all cookies must be in the whitelist or they are rejected.
.It Cm enable_js_whitelist
When enabled all domains must be in the js whitelist in order to run Java Script.
NOTE: Make sure
.Cm enable_scripts
is set to 0.
.It Cm enable_plugins
Enable plugins.
.It Cm enable_scripts
Enable scripts.
.It Cm enable_socket
When enabled the first instance of
.Nm
will create a socket in the
.Pa ~/.xxxterm
directory.
Using the -n url option on subsequent
.Nm
invocations will cause the specified URL to be loaded in a new tab.
Only a user with identical UID and GID can use this option.
.It Cm fancy_bar
Enables a backward, forward, and stop button to the toolbar.
Additionally if
.Cm search_string
is set it'll enable an entry box for searches.
.It Cm guess_search
When enabled
.Nm
will try to guess if the string you entered, in the URI entry widget or
the command widget, is term you want to search for using search_string
(see above).
If the string does not contain a dot nor a slash, is not a
path to a local file and does not resolves to an IP then it is assumed
to be a search term.
.It Cm home
Homepage in URL format.
.It Cm http_proxy
Proxy server in URL format.
.Nm
overrides
.Cm http_proxy
if it is specified as an environment variable.
It must be noted that one MUST use an IP address and not a FQDN.
.Pp
If one desires to use a socks proxy then an intermediary tool must be used.
It has been reported that tsocks works with
.Nm .
.It Cm icon_size
Permits icon sizes to be changed if
.Cm fancy_bar
is enabled.
Size 1 is small; 2 is normal; 3 through 6 are progressively larger.
.It Cm js_wl
This is a Java Script whitelist item.
See
.Cm cookie_wl
for semantics and more details.
.It Cm mime_type
Sets an action for a specific or default MIME type.
For example, to download and view a pdf using kpdf set mime_type =
application/pdf,kpdf.
To set a default value use *, for example mime_type = video/*,mplayer.
Note that the action is only passed the URL and not all applications are
capable of downloading content and therefore one might have to create a wrapper
script to download the content first.
.It Cm read_only_cookies
Mark cookies file read-only and discard all cookies once the session is
terminated.
.It Cm refresh_interval
Refresh interval while in the download manager.
The default is 10.
.It Cm resource_dir
Directory that contains various
.Nm
resources such as icons.
This is OS-specific and should be handled by the porter.
.It Cm save_global_history
If set the global history will be saved to
.Pa ~/.xxxterm/history
when quitting
and restored at startup.
See the
.Sx KEY BINDINGS
section above for how the global history is accessed.
Global history is not saved to disk by default.
.It Cm save_rejected_cookies
Saves rejected cookies in cookie format in {work_dir}/rejected.txt.
All cookies are saved and unlike a cookie jar they are never replaced.
Make sure there is enough disk space to enable this feature.
.It Cm search_string
Default search engine string.
See the
.Pa xxxterm.conf
file for details.
.It Cm session_autosave
Enable session auto-saving when changing state (e.g. adding or removing a tab).
The session name is what is currently in use and is described in the
.Cm session save
and
.Cm session open
commands.
.It Cm session_timeout
This value is the time that is added in seconds to a session cookie.
.It Cm show_tabs
Enable or disable showing tabs.
.It Cm show_url
Enable or disable showing the url and toolbar.
.It Cm show_statusbar
Enable or disable showing the status bar.
.It Cm single_instance
If set only one
.Nm
will be permitted to run.
If there is a URL specified it will be opened in a new tab in the already
running
.Nm
session.
.It Cm ssl_ca_file
If set to a valid PEM file
all server certificates will be validated against it.
The URL bar will be colored green when the certificate is trusted
and yellow when untrusted.
.Pp
If
.Cm ssl_ca_file
is not set then the URL bar will color all HTTPS connections red.
.It Cm ssl_strict_certs
If this value is set connections to untrusted sites will be aborted.
This value is only used if
.Cm ssl_ca_file
is set.
.It Cm user_agent
Set to override the default
.Nm
user-agent string.
.It Cm window_height
Set the default height of the browser window.
.It Cm window_width
Set the default width of the browser window.
.It Cm work_dir
Set the work directory where all
.Nm
scratch files are stored.
Default is
.Cm ~/.xxxterm .
.El
.Sh HISTORY
.Nm
was inspired by vimprobable2 and the bloat in other
.Ux
web browsers.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
.Nm
was written by
.An Marco Peereboom Aq marco@peereboom.us ,
.An Stevan Andjelkovic Aq stevan@student.chalmers.se ,
.An Edd Barrett Aq vext01@gmail.com ,
and
.An Todd T. Fries Aq todd@fries.net .
.Sh BUGS
When
.Cm save_global_history
is enabled
.Nm
is supposed to, in addition to restoring the global history, color the
visited links accordingly; however due to bug #51747 in WebKit this does
not happen.