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Baremetal is now the default build target and therefore has its sources
at the top-level. Baremetal programs build using the phase-2 Mu toolchain
that requires a Linux kernel. This phase-2 codebase which used to be at
the top-level is now under the linux/ directory. Finally, the phase-2 toolchain,
while self-hosting, has a way to bootstrap from a C implementation, which
is now stored in linux/bootstrap. The bootstrap C implementation uses some
literate programming tools that are now in linux/bootstrap/tools.
So the whole thing has gotten inverted. Each directory should build one
artifact and include the main sources (along with standard library). Tools
used for building it are relegated to sub-directories, even though those
tools are often useful in their own right, and have had lots of interesting
programs written using them.
A couple of things have gotten dropped in this process:
- I had old ways to run on just a Linux kernel, or with a Soso kernel.
No more.
- I had some old tooling for running a single test at the cursor. I haven't
used that lately. Maybe I'll bring it back one day.
The reorg isn't done yet. Still to do:
- redo documentation everywhere. All the README files, all other markdown,
particularly vocabulary.md.
- clean up how-to-run comments at the start of programs everywhere
- rethink what to do with the html/ directory. Do we even want to keep
supporting it?
In spite of these shortcomings, all the scripts at the top-level, linux/
and linux/bootstrap are working. The names of the scripts also feel reasonable.
This is a good milestone to take stock at.
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I've found two bugs in SubX libraries:
1. next-word had an out-of-bounds read
2. next-word was skipping comments, because that's what I need during bootstrapping.
I've created a new variant called next-raw-word that doesn't skip comments.
These really need better names.
We're now at the point where 4b.mu has the right structure and returns
identical result to 4a.mu.
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I had to tweak one app that wasn't following the rules.
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Both manual tests described in commit 7222 now work.
To make them work I had to figure out how to copy a file. It
requires a dependency on a new syscall: lseek.
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All tests passing again.
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This found several bugs due to me not checking for null strings.
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Move some implementation around for floating-point.
I originally thought I wouldn't bother supporting sigils like %xmm0. But
it turns out I need them to pass floats into SubX function calls. And it
turns out the sigils work fine for free.
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We don't yet support emulating these instructions in `bootstrap`. But generated
binaries containing them run natively just fine.
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An extra test that should have been in commit 6781.
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This was surprisingly hard; bugs discovered all over the place.
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No support for combining characters. Graphemes are currently just utf-8
encodings of a single Unicode code-point. No support for code-points that
require more than 32 bits in utf-8.
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1000+ LoC spent; just 300+ excluding tests.
Still one known gap; we don't check the entirety of an array's element
type if it's a compound. So far we just check if say both sides start with
'addr'. Obviously that's not good enough.
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As a side-effect I find that my Linode can print ~100k chars/s. At 50 rows
and 200 columns per screen, it's 10 frames/s.
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https://archive.org/details/akkartik-2min-2020-07-01
In the process I found a bug, added a new syscall, and 'emulated' it.
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Several bugs fixed in the process, and expectation of further bugs is growing.
I'd somehow started assuming I don't need to have separate cases for rm32
as a register vs mem. That's not right. We might need more reg-reg Primitives.
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I thought I'd done this in the previous commit, but I hadn't. And, what's
more, there was a bug that seemed pretty tough for a time. Turns out my
self-hosted translator doesn't support '.' comment tokens in data segments.
Hopefully I'm past the valley of the shadow of death now.
"I HAVE NO TOOLS BECAUSE I’VE DESTROYED MY TOOLS WITH MY TOOLS."
-- James Mickens (https://www.usenix.org/system/files/1311_05-08_mickens.pdf)
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CI should start passing again now.
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Cleaner abstraction, but adds 3 instructions to our overhead for handles,
including one potentially-hard-to-predict jump :/
I wish I could have put the alloc id in eax for the comparison as well,
to save a few bytes of instruction space. But that messes up the non-null
case.
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I just needed to adjust row-sizes when accessing the Registers table.
This commit dedicated to a fun hour on https://hn.town.siempre.io. Thanks
Cyrus!
(via https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22818300)
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So far it's unclear how to do this in a series of small commits. Still
nibbling around the edges. In this commit we standardize some terminology:
The length of an array or stream is denominated in the high-level elements.
The _size_ is denominated in bytes.
The thing we encode into the type is always the size, not the length.
There's still an open question of what to do about the Mu `length` operator.
I'd like to modify it to provide the length. Currently it provides the
size. If I can't fix that I'll rename it.
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At the SubX level we have to put up with null-terminated kernel strings
for commandline args. But so far we haven't done much with them. Rather
than try to support them we'll just convert them transparently to standard
length-prefixed strings.
In the process I realized that it's not quite right to treat the combination
of argc and argv as an array of kernel strings. Argc counts the number
of elements, whereas the length of an array is usually denominated in bytes.
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Using these is quite unsafe. But what isn't, here?
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If indexing into a type with power-of-2-sized elements we can access them
in one instruction:
x/reg1: (addr int) <- index A/reg2: (addr array int), idx/reg3: int
This translates to a single instruction because x86 instructions support
an addressing mode with left-shifts.
For non-powers-of-2, however, we need a multiply. To keep things type-safe,
it is performed like this:
x/reg1: (offset T) <- compute-offset A: (addr array T), idx: int
y/reg2: (addr T) <- index A, x
An offset is just an int that is guaranteed to be a multiple of size-of(T).
Offsets can only be used in index instructions, and the types will eventually
be required to line up.
In the process, I have to expand Input-size because mu.subx is growing
big.
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Support parsing ints from strings rather than slices.
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Fix CI.
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One more error condition when desugaring function calls in SubX.
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Fix CI. apps/survey was running out of space in the trace segment when
translating apps/mu.subx
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Expand some buffer sizes to continue building mu.subx natively.
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