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== code
#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes

# print 'arr' in hex with a space after every byte
emit-hex-array:  # out: (addr buffered-file), arr: (addr array byte)
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    57/push-edi
    # edi = out
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to edi
    # edx = arr
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edx
    # var curr/ecx: (addr byte) = arr->data
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy edx+4 to ecx
    # var max/edx: (addr byte) = &arr->data[arr->size]
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # copy *edx to edx
    01/add                          3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # add ecx to edx
    # var c/eax: byte = 0
    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
$emit-hex-array:loop:
    # if (curr >= width) break
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ecx with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $emit-hex-array:end/disp8
    # emit-hex(out, c = *curr, width=1)
    # . . push args
    68/push  1/imm32/width
    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
    50/push-eax
    57/push-edi
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-hex/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # ++curr
    41/increment-ecx
    eb/jump  $emit-hex-array:loop/disp8
$emit-hex-array:end:
    # . restore registers
    5f/pop-to-edi
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-emit-hex-array:
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
    # . . push args
    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # var arr/ecx (array byte) = [01, 02, 03]
    68/push  0x00030201/imm32  # bytes 01 02 03
    68/push  3/imm32/size
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
    # emit-hex-array(_test-output-buffered-file, arr)
    # . . push args
    51/push-ecx
    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-hex-array/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  flush/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # dump output {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "result: ^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "result: ^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . rewind-stream(_test-output-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "01 02 03 ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-hex-array"/imm32
    68/push  "01 02 03 "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0
lass='alt'>
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"""
List of allowed flags:
s: silent mode. output will be discarded.
d: detach the process.
p: redirect output to the pager

An uppercase key ensures that a certain flag will not be used.
"""
ALLOWED_FLAGS = 'sdpSDP'

class Applications(object):
	def get(self, app):
		"""Looks for an application, returns app_default if it doesn't exist"""
		try:
			return getattr(self, 'app_' + app)
		except AttributeError:
			return self.app_default

	def has(self, app):
		"""Returns whether an application is defined"""
		return hasattr(self, 'app_' + app)

	def all(self):
		"""Returns a list with all application functions"""
		return [x[4:] for x in self.__class__.__dict__ if x.startswith('app_')]

import os, sys
null = open(os.devnull, 'a')

def run(*args, **kw):
	"""Run files with the specified parameters"""
	from subprocess import Popen
	from subprocess import PIPE
	from ranger.ext.waitpid_no_intr import waitpid_no_intr

	flags, fm = kw['flags'], kw['fm']
	for flag in flags:
		if ord(flag) <= 90:
			bad = flag + flag.lower()
			flags = ''.join(c for c in flags if c not in bad)

	args = map(str, args)
	popen_kw = {}
	popen_kw['stdout'] = sys.stderr
	popen_kw['stderr'] = sys.stderr

	for word in ('shell', 'stdout', 'stdin', 'stderr'):
		if word in kw:
			popen_kw[word] = kw[word]

	if kw['stdin'] is not None:
		popen_kw['stdin'] = kw['stdin']

	if 's' in flags or 'd' in flags:
		popen_kw['stdout'] = popen_kw['stderr'] = popen_kw['stdin'] = null
	
	if 'p' in flags:
		popen_kw['stdout'] = PIPE
		process1 = Popen(args, **popen_kw)
		kw['stdin'] = process1.stdout
		kw['files'] = ()
		kw['flags'] = ''.join(f for f in kw['flags'] if f in 'd')
		process2 = kw['apps'].app_pager(**kw)
		return process2

	if 'd' in flags:
		process = Popen(args, **popen_kw)
		return process

	else:
		if fm.ui:
			fm.ui.suspend()
		try:
			p = Popen(args, **popen_kw)
			waitpid_no_intr(p.pid)
		finally:
			if fm.ui:
				fm.ui.initialize()
		return p

def spawn(command, fm=None, suspend=True, wait=True):
	from subprocess import Popen, STDOUT
	from ranger.ext.waitpid_no_intr import waitpid_no_intr

	if suspend and fm and fm.ui:
		fm.ui.suspend()

	try:
		if wait:
			kw = {}
		else:
			kw = {'stdout':null, 'stderr':null, 'stdin':null}

		if fm and fm.stderr_to_out:
			if 'stderr' not in kw:
				kw['stderr'] = STDOUT
		process = Popen(command, shell=True, **kw)
		if wait:
			waitpid_no_intr(process.pid)
	finally:
		if suspend and fm and fm.ui:
			fm.ui.initialize()