cpp/.traces/break_label


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parse/0: instruction: 1
parse/0:   ingredient: {name: "0", value: 0, type: 0, properties: ["0": "literal"]}
parse/0:   product: {name: "1", value: 0, type: 1, properties: ["1": "integer"]}
parse/0: label: {
parse/0: instruction: 26
parse/0:   ingredient: {name: "+foo", value: 0, type: 0, properties: ["+foo": "offset"]}
parse/0: label: }
brace/0: 1000: push (open, 1)
brace/0: push (close, 3)
after-brace/0: recipe main
after-brace/0: copy ...
after-brace/0: jump +foo:offset
//: operating on memory at the address provided by some register
//: we'll now start providing data in a separate segment

void test_add_r32_to_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x10;
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  01     18                                    \n"  // add EBX to *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add EBX to r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000011\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Mod Special-cases(addr)")
case 0:  // indirect addressing
  switch (rm) {
  default:  // address in register
    trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "effective address is 0x" << HEXWORD << Reg[rm].u << " (" << rname(rm) << ")" << end();
    addr = Reg[rm].u;
    break;
  // End Mod 0 Special-cases(addr)
  }
  break;

//:

:(before "End Initialize Op Names")
put_new(Name, "03", "add rm32 to r32 (add)");

:(code)
void test_add_mem_at_rm32_to_r32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x10;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  03     18                                    \n"  // add *EAX to EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add r/m32 to EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000011\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Single-Byte Opcodes")
case 0x03: {  // add r/m32 to r32
  const uint8_t modrm = next();
  const uint8_t arg1 = (modrm>>3)&0x7;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "add r/m32 to " << rname(arg1) << end();
  const int32_t* signed_arg2 = effective_address(modrm);
  int32_t signed_result = Reg[arg1].i + *signed_arg2;
  SF = (signed_result < 0);
  ZF = (signed_result == 0);
  int64_t signed_full_result = static_cast<int64_t>(Reg[arg1].i) + *signed_arg2;
  OF = (signed_result != signed_full_result);
  // set CF
  uint32_t unsigned_arg2 = static_cast<uint32_t>(*signed_arg2);
  uint32_t unsigned_result = Reg[arg1].u + unsigned_arg2;
  uint64_t unsigned_full_result = static_cast<uint64_t>(Reg[arg1].u) + unsigned_arg2;
  CF = (unsigned_result != unsigned_full_result);
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "SF=" << SF << "; ZF=" << ZF << "; CF=" << CF << "; OF=" << OF << end();
  Reg[arg1].i = signed_result;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "storing 0x" << HEXWORD << Reg[arg1].i << end();
  break;
}

:(code)
void test_add_mem_at_rm32_to_r32_signed_overflow() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = INT32_MAX;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  03     18                                    \n" // add *EAX to EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add r/m32 to EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0x00000001\n"
      "run: SF=1; ZF=0; CF=0; OF=1\n"
      "run: storing 0x80000000\n"
  );
}

void test_add_mem_at_rm32_to_r32_unsigned_overflow() {
  Reg[EAX].u = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].u = UINT32_MAX;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  03     18                                    \n" // add *EAX to EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add r/m32 to EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0x00000001\n"
      "run: SF=0; ZF=1; CF=1; OF=0\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000000\n"
  );
}

void test_add_mem_at_rm32_to_r32_unsigned_and_signed_overflow() {
  Reg[EAX].u = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = INT32_MIN;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  03     18                                    \n" // add *EAX to EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "00 00 00 80\n"  // INT32_MIN
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add r/m32 to EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0x80000000\n"
      "run: SF=0; ZF=1; CF=1; OF=1\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000000\n"
  );
}

//:: subtract

:(code)
void test_subtract_r32_from_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 1;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  29     18                                    \n"  // subtract EBX from *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0a 00 00 00\n"  // 0xa
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: subtract EBX from r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000009\n"
  );
}

//:

:(before "End Initialize Op Names")
put_new(Name, "2b", "subtract rm32 from r32 (sub)");

:(code)
void test_subtract_mem_at_rm32_from_r32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 10;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  2b     18                                    \n"  // subtract *EAX from EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: subtract r/m32 from EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000009\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Single-Byte Opcodes")
case 0x2b: {  // subtract r/m32 from r32
  const uint8_t modrm = next();
  const uint8_t arg1 = (modrm>>3)&0x7;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "subtract r/m32 from " << rname(arg1) << end();
  const int32_t* signed_arg2 = effective_address(modrm);
  const int32_t signed_result = Reg[arg1].i - *signed_arg2;
  SF = (signed_result < 0);
  ZF = (signed_result == 0);
  int64_t signed_full_result = static_cast<int64_t>(Reg[arg1].i) - *signed_arg2;
  OF = (signed_result != signed_full_result);
  // set CF
  uint32_t unsigned_arg2 = static_cast<uint32_t>(*signed_arg2);
  uint32_t unsigned_result = Reg[arg1].u - unsigned_arg2;
  uint64_t unsigned_full_result = static_cast<uint64_t>(Reg[arg1].u) - unsigned_arg2;
  CF = (unsigned_result != unsigned_full_result);
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "SF=" << SF << "; ZF=" << ZF << "; CF=" << CF << "; OF=" << OF << end();
  Reg[arg1].i = signed_result;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "storing 0x" << HEXWORD << Reg[arg1].i << end();
  break;
}

:(code)
void test_subtract_mem_at_rm32_from_r32_signed_overflow() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = INT32_MIN;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  2b     18                                    \n"  // subtract *EAX from EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "ff ff ff 7f\n"  // INT32_MAX
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: subtract r/m32 from EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0x7fffffff\n"
      "run: SF=0; ZF=0; CF=0; OF=1\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000001\n"
  );
}

void test_subtract_mem_at_rm32_from_r32_unsigned_overflow() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  2b     18                                    \n"  // subtract *EAX from EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: subtract r/m32 from EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0x00000001\n"
      "run: SF=1; ZF=0; CF=1; OF=0\n"
      "run: storing 0xffffffff\n"
  );
}

void test_subtract_mem_at_rm32_from_r32_signed_and_unsigned_overflow() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  2b     18                                    \n"  // subtract *EAX from EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "00 00 00 80\n"  // INT32_MIN
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: subtract r/m32 from EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0x80000000\n"
      "run: SF=1; ZF=0; CF=1; OF=1\n"
      "run: storing 0x80000000\n"
  );
}

//:: and
:(code)
void test_and_r32_with_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0xff;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  21     18                                    \n"  // and EBX with *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0d 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: and EBX with r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0x0000000d\n"
  );
}

//:

:(before "End Initialize Op Names")
put_new(Name, "23", "r32 = bitwise AND of r32 with rm32 (and)");

:(code)
void test_and_mem_at_rm32_with_r32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x0a0b0c0d;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  23     18                                    \n"  // and *EAX with EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "ff 00 00 00\n"  // 0xff
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: and r/m32 with EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0x0000000d\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Single-Byte Opcodes")
case 0x23: {  // and r/m32 with r32
  const uint8_t modrm = next();
  const uint8_t arg1 = (modrm>>3)&0x7;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "and r/m32 with " << rname(arg1) << end();
  // bitwise ops technically operate on unsigned numbers, but it makes no
  // difference
  const int32_t* signed_arg2 = effective_address(modrm);
  Reg[arg1].i &= *signed_arg2;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "storing 0x" << HEXWORD << Reg[arg1].i << end();
  SF = (Reg[arg1].i >> 31);
  ZF = (Reg[arg1].i == 0);
  CF = false;
  OF = false;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "SF=" << SF << "; ZF=" << ZF << "; CF=" << CF << "; OF=" << OF << end();
  break;
}

//:: or

:(code)
void test_or_r32_with_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0xa0b0c0d0;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  09     18                                   #\n"  // EBX with *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0d 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: or EBX with r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0xaabbccdd\n"
  );
}

//:

:(before "End Initialize Op Names")
put_new(Name, "0b", "r32 = bitwise OR of r32 with rm32 (or)");

:(code)
void test_or_mem_at_rm32_with_r32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0xa0b0c0d0;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  0b     18                                    \n"  // or *EAX with EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0d 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: or r/m32 with EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0xaabbccdd\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Single-Byte Opcodes")
case 0x0b: {  // or r/m32 with r32
  const uint8_t modrm = next();
  const uint8_t arg1 = (modrm>>3)&0x7;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "or r/m32 with " << rname(arg1) << end();
  // bitwise ops technically operate on unsigned numbers, but it makes no
  // difference
  const int32_t* signed_arg2 = effective_address(modrm);
  Reg[arg1].i |= *signed_arg2;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "storing 0x" << HEXWORD << Reg[arg1].i << end();
  SF = (Reg[arg1].i >> 31);
  ZF = (Reg[arg1].i == 0);
  CF = false;
  OF = false;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "SF=" << SF << "; ZF=" << ZF << "; CF=" << CF << "; OF=" << OF << end();
  break;
}

//:: xor

:(code)
void test_xor_r32_with_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0xa0b0c0d0;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  31     18                                    \n"  // xor EBX with *EAX
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0d 0c bb aa\n"  // 0xaabb0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: xor EBX with r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0x0a0bccdd\n"
  );
}

//:

:(before "End Initialize Op Names")
put_new(Name, "33", "r32 = bitwise XOR of r32 with rm32 (xor)");

:(code)
void test_xor_mem_at_rm32_with_r32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0xa0b0c0d0;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  33     18                                    \n"  // xor *EAX with EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0d 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: xor r/m32 with EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0xaabbccdd\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Single-Byte Opcodes")
case 0x33: {  // xor r/m32 with r32
  const uint8_t modrm = next();
  const uint8_t arg1 = (modrm>>3)&0x7;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "xor r/m32 with " << rname(arg1) << end();
  // bitwise ops technically operate on unsigned numbers, but it makes no
  // difference
  const int32_t* signed_arg2 = effective_address(modrm);
  Reg[arg1].i |= *signed_arg2;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "storing 0x" << HEXWORD << Reg[arg1].i << end();
  SF = (Reg[arg1].i >> 31);
  ZF = (Reg[arg1].i == 0);
  CF = false;
  OF = false;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "SF=" << SF << "; ZF=" << ZF << "; CF=" << CF << "; OF=" << OF << end();
  break;
}

//:: not

:(code)
void test_not_of_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x2000;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  f7     13                                    \n"  // not *EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 010 (subop not) 011 (dest EBX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "ff 00 0f 0f\n"  // 0x0f0f00ff
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: operate on r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EBX)\n"
      "run: subop: not\n"
      "run: storing 0xf0f0ff00\n"
  );
}

//:: compare (cmp)

:(code)
void test_compare_mem_at_rm32_with_r32_greater() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x0a0b0c07;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  39     18                                    \n"  // compare *EAX with EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0d 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: compare r/m32 with EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: SF=0; ZF=0; CF=0; OF=0\n"
  );
}

:(code)
void test_compare_mem_at_rm32_with_r32_lesser() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x0a0b0c0d;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  39     18                                    \n"  // compare *EAX with EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "07 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: compare r/m32 with EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: SF=1; ZF=0; CF=1; OF=0\n"
  );
}

:(code)
void test_compare_mem_at_rm32_with_r32_equal() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x0a0b0c0d;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  39     18                                    \n"  // compare *EAX and EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0d 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: compare r/m32 with EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: SF=0; ZF=1; CF=0; OF=0\n"
  );
}

//:

:(before "End Initialize Op Names")
put_new(Name, "3b", "compare: set SF if r32 < rm32 (cmp)");

:(code)
void test_compare_r32_with_mem_at_rm32_greater() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x0a0b0c0d;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  3b     18                                    \n"  // compare EBX with *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (lhs EBX) 000 (rhs EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "07 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c07
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: compare EBX with r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: SF=0; ZF=0; CF=0; OF=0\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Single-Byte Opcodes")
case 0x3b: {  // set SF if r32 < r/m32
  const uint8_t modrm = next();
  const uint8_t reg1 = (modrm>>3)&0x7;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "compare " << rname(reg1) << " with r/m32" << end();
  const int32_t* signed_arg2 = effective_address(modrm);
  const int32_t signed_difference = Reg[reg1].i - *signed_arg2;
  SF = (signed_difference < 0);
  ZF = (signed_difference == 0);
  int64_t full_signed_difference = static_cast<int64_t>(Reg[reg1].i) - *signed_arg2;
  OF = (signed_difference != full_signed_difference);
  const uint32_t unsigned_arg2 = static_cast<uint32_t>(*signed_arg2);
  const uint32_t unsigned_difference = Reg[reg1].u - unsigned_arg2;
  const uint64_t full_unsigned_difference = static_cast<uint64_t>(Reg[reg1].u) - unsigned_arg2;
  CF = (unsigned_difference != full_unsigned_difference);
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "SF=" << SF << "; ZF=" << ZF << "; CF=" << CF << "; OF=" << OF << end();
  break;
}

:(code)
void test_compare_r32_with_mem_at_rm32_lesser_unsigned_and_signed() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x0a0b0c07;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  3b     18                                    \n"  // compare EBX with *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (lhs EBX) 000 (rhs EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0d 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: compare EBX with r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0x0a0b0c0d\n"
      "run: SF=1; ZF=0; CF=1; OF=0\n"
  );
}

void test_compare_r32_with_mem_at_rm32_lesser_unsigned_and_signed_due_to_overflow() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = INT32_MAX;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  3b     18                                    \n"  // compare EBX with *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (lhs EBX) 000 (rhs EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "00 00 00 80\n"  // INT32_MIN
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: compare EBX with r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0x80000000\n"
      "run: SF=1; ZF=0; CF=1; OF=1\n"
  );
}

void test_compare_r32_with_mem_at_rm32_lesser_signed() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = -1;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  3b     18                                    \n"  // compare EBX with *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (lhs EBX) 000 (rhs EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: compare EBX with r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0x00000001\n"
      "run: SF=1; ZF=0; CF=0; OF=0\n"
  );
}

void test_compare_r32_with_mem_at_rm32_lesser_unsigned() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 1;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  3b     18                                    \n"  // compare EBX with *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (lhs EBX) 000 (rhs EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "ff ff ff ff\n"  // -1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: compare EBX with r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address contains 0xffffffff\n"
      "run: SF=0; ZF=0; CF=1; OF=0\n"
  );
}

void test_compare_r32_with_mem_at_rm32_equal() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x0a0b0c0d;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  3b     18                                    \n"  // compare EBX with *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (lhs EBX) 000 (rhs EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "0d 0c 0b 0a\n"  // 0x0a0b0c0d
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: compare EBX with r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: SF=0; ZF=1; CF=0; OF=0\n"
  );
}

//:: copy (mov)

void test_copy_r32_to_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EBX].i = 0xaf;
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x60;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  89     18                                    \n"  // copy EBX to *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: copy EBX to r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00000060 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0x000000af\n"
  );
}

//:

:(before "End Initialize Op Names")
put_new(Name, "8b", "copy rm32 to r32 (mov)");

:(code)
void test_copy_mem_at_rm32_to_r32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  8b     18                                    \n"  // copy *EAX to EBX
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "af 00 00 00\n"  // 0xaf
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: copy r/m32 to EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: storing 0x000000af\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Single-Byte Opcodes")
case 0x8b: {  // copy r32 to r/m32
  const uint8_t modrm = next();
  const uint8_t rdest = (modrm>>3)&0x7;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "copy r/m32 to " << rname(rdest) << end();
  const int32_t* src = effective_address(modrm);
  Reg[rdest].i = *src;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "storing 0x" << HEXWORD << *src << end();
  break;
}

//:: jump

:(code)
void test_jump_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  ff     20                                    \n"  // jump to *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 100 (jump to r/m32) 000 (src EAX)
      "  b8                                 00 00 00 01\n"
      "  b8                                 00 00 00 02\n"
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "08 00 00 00\n"  // 0x8
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: 0x00000001 opcode: ff\n"
      "run: jump to r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: jumping to 0x00000008\n"
      "run: 0x00000008 opcode: b8\n"
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_DOESNT_CONTAIN("run: 0x00000003 opcode: b8");
}

:(before "End Op ff Subops")
case 4: {  // jump to r/m32
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "jump to r/m32" << end();
  const int32_t* arg2 = effective_address(modrm);
  EIP = *arg2;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "jumping to 0x" << HEXWORD << EIP << end();
  break;
}

//:: push

:(code)
void test_push_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2000;
  Mem.push_back(vma(0xbd000000));  // manually allocate memory
  Reg[ESP].u = 0xbd000014;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  ff     30                                    \n"  // push *EAX to stack
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "af 00 00 00\n"  // 0xaf
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: push r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
      "run: decrementing ESP to 0xbd000010\n"
      "run: pushing value 0x000000af\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Op ff Subops")
case 6: {  // push r/m32 to stack
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "push r/m32" << end();
  const int32_t* val = effective_address(modrm);
  push(*val);
  break;
}

//:: pop

:(before "End Initialize Op Names")
put_new(Name, "8f", "pop top of stack to rm32 (pop)");

:(code)
void test_pop_mem_at_rm32() {
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x60;
  Mem.push_back(vma(0xbd000000));  // manually allocate memory
  Reg[ESP].u = 0xbd000000;
  write_mem_i32(0xbd000000, 0x00000030);
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  8f     00                                    \n"  // pop stack into *EAX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 000 (pop r/m32) 000 (dest EAX)
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: pop into r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00000060 (EAX)\n"
      "run: popping value 0x00000030\n"
      "run: incrementing ESP to 0xbd000004\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Single-Byte Opcodes")
case 0x8f: {  // pop stack into r/m32
  const uint8_t modrm = next();
  const uint8_t subop = (modrm>>3)&0x7;
  switch (subop) {
    case 0: {
      trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "pop into r/m32" << end();
      int32_t* dest = effective_address(modrm);
      *dest = pop();  // Write multiple elements of vector<uint8_t> at once. Assumes sizeof(int) == 4 on the host as well.
      break;
    }
  }
  break;
}

//:: special-case for loading address from disp32 rather than register

:(code)
void test_add_r32_to_mem_at_displacement() {
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x10;  // source
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  01     1d            00 20 00 00             \n"  // add EBX to *0x2000
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (src EBX) 101 (dest in disp32)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add EBX to r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (disp32)\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000011\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Mod 0 Special-cases(addr)")
case 5:  // exception: mod 0b00 rm 0b101 => incoming disp32
  addr = next32();
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "effective address is 0x" << HEXWORD << addr << " (disp32)" << end();
  break;

//:

:(code)
void test_add_r32_to_mem_at_rm32_plus_disp8() {
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x10;  // source
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x1ffe;  // dest
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  01     58            02                      \n"  // add EBX to *(EAX+2)
      // ModR/M in binary: 01 (indirect+disp8 mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add EBX to r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is initially 0x00001ffe (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (after adding disp8)\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000011\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Mod Special-cases(addr)")
case 1: {  // indirect + disp8 addressing
  switch (rm) {
  default:
    addr = Reg[rm].u;
    trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "effective address is initially 0x" << HEXWORD << addr << " (" << rname(rm) << ")" << end();
    break;
  // End Mod 1 Special-cases(addr)
  }
  int8_t displacement = static_cast<int8_t>(next());
  if (addr > 0) {
    addr += displacement;
    trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "effective address is 0x" << HEXWORD << addr << " (after adding disp8)" << end();
  }
  else {
    trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "null address; skipping displacement" << end();
  }
  break;
}

:(code)
void test_add_r32_to_mem_at_rm32_plus_negative_disp8() {
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x10;  // source
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2001;  // dest
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  01     58            ff                      \n"  // add EBX to *(EAX-1)
      // ModR/M in binary: 01 (indirect+disp8 mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add EBX to r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is initially 0x00002001 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (after adding disp8)\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000011\n"
  );
}

//:

:(code)
void test_add_r32_to_mem_at_rm32_plus_disp32() {
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x10;  // source
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x1ffe;  // dest
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  01     98            02 00 00 00             \n"  // add EBX to *(EAX+2)
      // ModR/M in binary: 10 (indirect+disp32 mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add EBX to r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is initially 0x00001ffe (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (after adding disp32)\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000011\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Mod Special-cases(addr)")
case 2: {  // indirect + disp32 addressing
  switch (rm) {
  default:
    addr = Reg[rm].u;
    trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "effective address is initially 0x" << HEXWORD << addr << " (" << rname(rm) << ")" << end();
    break;
  // End Mod 2 Special-cases(addr)
  }
  int32_t displacement = static_cast<int32_t>(next32());
  if (addr > 0) {
    addr += displacement;
    trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "effective address is 0x" << HEXWORD << addr << " (after adding disp32)" << end();
  }
  else {
    trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "null address; skipping displacement" << end();
  }
  break;
}

:(code)
void test_add_r32_to_mem_at_rm32_plus_negative_disp32() {
  Reg[EBX].i = 0x10;  // source
  Reg[EAX].i = 0x2001;  // dest
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  01     98            ff ff ff ff             \n"  // add EBX to *(EAX-1)
      // ModR/M in binary: 10 (indirect+disp32 mode) 011 (src EBX) 000 (dest EAX)
      "== data 0x2000\n"
      "01 00 00 00\n"  // 1
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: add EBX to r/m32\n"
      "run: effective address is initially 0x00002001 (EAX)\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (after adding disp32)\n"
      "run: storing 0x00000011\n"
  );
}

//:: copy address (lea)

:(before "End Initialize Op Names")
put_new(Name, "8d", "copy address in rm32 into r32 (lea)");

:(code)
void test_copy_address() {
  Reg[EAX].u = 0x2000;
  run(
      "== code 0x1\n"
      // op     ModR/M  SIB   displacement  immediate
      "  8d     18                                    \n"  // copy address in EAX into EBX
      // ModR/M in binary: 00 (indirect mode) 011 (dest EBX) 000 (src EAX)
  );
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
      "run: copy address into EBX\n"
      "run: effective address is 0x00002000 (EAX)\n"
  );
}

:(before "End Single-Byte Opcodes")
case 0x8d: {  // copy address of m32 to r32
  const uint8_t modrm = next();
  const uint8_t arg1 = (modrm>>3)&0x7;
  trace(Callstack_depth+1, "run") << "copy address into " << rname(arg1) << end();
  Reg[arg1].u = effective_address_number(modrm);
  break;
}
# Assign addresses (co-ordinates) to instructions (landmarks) in a program
# (landscape).
# Use the addresses assigned to:
#   a) replace labels
#   b) add segment headers with addresses and offsets correctly filled in
#
# To build:
#   $ ./bootstrap translate init.linux 0*.subx apps/subx-params.subx apps/survey.subx  -o apps/survey
#
# The expected input is a stream of bytes with segment headers, comments and
# some interspersed labels.
#   $ cat x
#   == code 0x1
#   l1:
#   aa bb l1/imm8
#   cc dd l2/disp32
#   l2:
#   ee foo/imm32
#   == data 0x10
#   foo:
#     00
#
# The output is the stream of bytes without segment headers or label definitions,
# and with label references replaced with numeric values/displacements.
#
#   $ cat x  |./bootstrap run apps/survey
#   ...ELF header bytes...
#   # ELF header above will specify that code segment begins at this offset
#   aa bb nn  # some computed address
#   cc dd nn nn nn nn  # some computed displacement
#   ee nn nn nn nn  # some computed address
#   # ELF header above will specify that data segment begins at this offset
#   00
#
# The ELF format has some persnickety constraints on the starting addresses of
# segments, so input headers are treated as guidelines and adjusted in the
# output.

== code
#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes

Entry:  # run tests if necessary, convert stdin if not
    # . prologue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp

    # Heap = new-segment(Heap-size)
    # . . push args
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Heap-size/disp32                  # push *Heap-size
    # . . call
    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # initialize-trace-stream(Trace-size)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-size/disp32                 # push *Heap-size
    # . . call
    e8/call  initialize-trace-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp

    # - if argc > 1 and argv[1] == "test", then return run_tests()
    # if (argc <= 1) goto interactive
    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0/disp8         1/imm32           # compare *ebp
    7e/jump-if-<=  $subx-survey-main:interactive/disp8
    # if (!kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")) goto interactive
    # . eax = kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "test"/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  kernel-string-equal?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax == false) goto interactive
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    74/jump-if-=  $subx-survey-main:interactive/disp8
    # run-tests()
    e8/call  run-tests/disp32
    # syscall(exit, *Num-test-failures)
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   Num-test-failures/disp32          # copy *Num-test-failures to ebx
    eb/jump  $subx-survey-main:end/disp8
$subx-survey-main:interactive:
    # - otherwise convert stdin
    # subx-survey(Stdin, Stdout)
    # . . push args
    68/push  Stdout/imm32
    68/push  Stdin/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  subx-survey/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # syscall(exit, 0)
    bb/copy-to-ebx  0/imm32
$subx-survey-main:end:
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32

# data structures:
#   segment-info: {address, file-offset, size}                                  (12 bytes)
#   segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info})                 (20 bytes per row)
#   label-info: {segment-name: (handle array byte), segment-offset, address}    (16 bytes)
#   labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})                     (24 bytes per row)
# these are all inefficient, using sequential scans for lookups

subx-survey:  # infile: (addr buffered-file), out: (addr buffered-file)
    # pseudocode
    #   var in: (stream byte Input-size)
    #   slurp(infile, in)
    #   var segments: (stream {segment-name, segment-info})
    #   var labels: (stream {label-name, label-info} Max-labels)
    #   compute-offsets(in, segments, labels)
    #   compute-addresses(segments, labels)
    #   rewind-stream(in)
    #   emit-output(in, out, segments, labels)
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    56/push-esi
    # var segments/ecx: (stream {string, segment-info} 200)   # 10 rows * 20 bytes/row
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc8/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0xc8/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
    # var labels/edx: (stream label-info Max-labels)
    # . data
    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           4/r32/esp   Max-labels/disp32                 # subtract *Max-labels from esp
    # . size
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Max-labels/disp32                 # push *Max-labels
    # . read
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    # . write
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
    # var in/esi: (stream byte Input-size)
    # . data
    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           4/r32/esp   Input-size/disp32                 # subtract *Input-size from esp
    # . size
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Input-size/disp32                 # push *Input-size
    # . read
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    # . write
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to esi
    # slurp(infile, in)
    # . . push args
    56/push-esi
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  slurp/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # compute-offsets(in, segments, labels)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    51/push-ecx
    56/push-esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  compute-offsets/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # compute-addresses(segments, labels)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  compute-addresses/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # rewind-stream(in)
    # . . push args
    56/push-esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # emit-output(in, out, segments, labels)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    51/push-ecx
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    56/push-esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-output/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
    # flush(out)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  flush/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
$subx-survey:end:
    # . reclaim locals
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xec/imm32        # add to esp
    03/add                          0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           4/r32/esp   Max-labels/disp32                 # add *Max-labels to esp
    03/add                          0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           4/r32/esp   Input-size/disp32                 # add *Input-size to esp
    # . restore registers
    5e/pop-to-esi
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-subx-survey-computes-addresses:
    # input:
    #   == code 0x1
    #   Entry:
    #   ab x/imm32
    #   == data 0x1000
    #   x:
    #     01
    #
    # trace contains (in any order):
    #   label x is at address 0x1079
    #   segment code starts at address 0x74
    #   segment code has size 5
    #   segment data starts at address 0x1079
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
    # . . push args
    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
    # . . push args
    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "== code 0x1\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "Entry:\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "Entry:\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab x/imm32\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ab x/imm32\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== data 0x1000\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "== data 0x1000\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "x:\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "x:\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "01\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "01\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # subx-survey(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  subx-survey/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # check trace
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # . check-trace-contains("label 'x' is at address 0x00001079.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-subx-survey-computes-addresses/0"/imm32
    68/push  "label 'x' is at address 0x00001079."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'code' starts at address 0x00000074.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-subx-survey-computes-addresses/1"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'code' starts at address 0x00000074."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'code' has size 0x00000005.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-subx-survey-computes-addresses/2"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'code' has size 0x00000005."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'data' starts at address 0x00001079.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-subx-survey-computes-addresses/3"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'data' starts at address 0x00001079."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

# global scratch space for compute-offsets in the data segment
== data

compute-offsets:file-offset:  # int
  0/imm32
compute-offsets:segment-offset:  # int
  0/imm32
compute-offsets:segment-tmp:  # slice
  0/imm32/start
  0/imm32/end

== code

# write segments->file-offset,
#       segments->size,
#       labels->segment-name, and
#       labels->segment-offset
compute-offsets:  # in: (addr stream byte), segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
    # skeleton:
    #   for lines in 'in'
    #     for words in line
    #       switch word
    #         case 1
    #         case 2
    #         ...
    #         default
    #
    # pseudocode:
    #   var curr-segment-name: (handle array byte)
    #   var file-offset = 0
    #   var segment-offset = 0
    #   var line: (stream byte 512)
    #   var sinfo: (addr segment-info)
    #   var linfo: (addr label-info)
    #   while true                                  # line loop
    #     clear-stream(line)
    #     read-line(in, line)
    #     if (line->write == 0) break               # end of file
    #     while true                                # word loop
    #       word-slice = next-word(line)
    #       if slice-empty?(word-slice)             # end of line
    #         break
    #       else if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")  # comment
    #         break                                 # end of line
    #       else if slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
    #         if *curr-segment-name != 0
    #           sinfo = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name)
    #           sinfo->size = file-offset - sinfo->file-offset
    #           trace("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' has size ", sinfo->size)
    #         segment-tmp = next-word(line)
    #         if slice-empty?(segment-tmp)
    #           abort
    #         curr-segment-name = slice-to-string(segment-tmp)
    #         segment-tmp = next-word(line)
    #         if slice-empty?(segment-tmp)
    #           abort
    #         sinfo = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name)
    #         sinfo->starting-address = parse-hex-int-from-slice(segment-tmp)
    #         sinfo->file-offset = file-offset
    #         trace("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' is at file offset ", sinfo->file-offset)
    #         segment-offset = 0
    #         break  (next line)
    #       else if is-label?(word-slice)
    #         strip trailing ':' from word-slice
    #         linfo: (addr label-info) = get-or-insert-slice(labels, word-slice)
    #         linfo->segment-name = curr-segment-name
    #         trace("label '", word-slice, "' is in segment '", curr-segment-name, "'.")
    #         linfo->segment-offset = segment-offset
    #         trace("label '", word-slice, "' is at segment offset ", segment-offset, ".")
    #         # labels occupy no space, so no need to increment offsets
    #       else
    #         width = compute-width-of-slice(word-slice)
    #         segment-offset += width
    #         file-offset += width
    #   sinfo = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name)
    #   sinfo->size = file-offset - sinfo->file-offset
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    53/push-ebx
    56/push-esi
    57/push-edi
    # var curr-segment-name/esi: (handle array byte)
    68/push  0/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to esi
    # file-offset = 0
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  0/imm32  # copy to *compute-offsets:file-offset
    # segment-offset = 0
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  0/imm32  # copy to *compute-offsets:segment-offset
    # var line/ecx: (stream byte 512)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x200/imm32       # subtract from esp
    68/push  0x200/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
    # var word-slice/edx: (addr slice)
    68/push  0/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
$compute-offsets:line-loop:
    # clear-stream(line)
    51/push-ecx
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # read-line(in, line)
    51/push-ecx
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    e8/call  read-line/disp32
    # . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # if (line->write == 0) break
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32
    0f 84/jump-if-=  $compute-offsets:break-line-loop/disp32
#?     # dump line {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "LL: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "LL: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # write-stream(2/stderr, line)
#?     # . . push args
#?     51/push-ecx
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . rewind-stream(line)
#?     # . . push args
#?     51/push-ecx
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
$compute-offsets:word-loop:
    # next-word(line, word-slice)
    52/push-edx
    51/push-ecx
    e8/call  next-word/disp32
    # . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
$compute-offsets:case-empty:
    # if slice-empty?(word-slice) break
    # . eax = slice-empty?(word-slice)
    52/push-edx
    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) break
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $compute-offsets:line-loop/disp32
$compute-offsets:case-comment:
    # if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#") continue
    68/push  "#"/imm32
    52/push-edx
    e8/call  slice-starts-with?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) break
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $compute-offsets:line-loop/disp32
$compute-offsets:case-segment-header:
    # if (!slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")) goto next case
    # . eax = slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
    68/push  "=="/imm32
    52/push-edx
    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax == false) goto next case
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 84/jump-if-=  $compute-offsets:case-label/disp32
    # if (*curr-segment-name == 0) goto construct-next-segment
    81          7/subop/compare     0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # compare *esi
    74/jump-if-=  $compute-offsets:construct-next-segment/disp8
    # sinfo/edi = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
    # . eax = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
    # . . push args
    68/push  0x14/imm32/row-size
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  get-or-insert-handle/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
    # . edi = eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
    # sinfo->size = file-offset - sinfo->file-offset
    # . save ecx
    51/push-ecx
    # . ebx = *file-offset
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # copy *file-offset to ebx
    # . ecx = sinfo->file-offset
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edi+4) to ecx
    # . ebx -= ecx
    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract ecx from ebx
    # . sinfo->size = ebx
    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   8/disp8         .                 # copy ebx to *(edi+8)
    # . restore ecx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    # trace-sssns("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' has size ", sinfo->size, ".")
    # . eax = lookup(curr-segment-name)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  lookup/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . trace-sssns("segment '", eax, "' has size ", sinfo->size, ".")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "."/imm32
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "' has size "/imm32
    50/push-eax
    68/push  "segment '"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
$compute-offsets:construct-next-segment:
    # next-word(line, segment-tmp)
    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
    51/push-ecx
    e8/call  next-word/disp32
    # . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # if slice-empty?(segment-tmp) abort
    # . eax = slice-empty?(segment-tmp)
    # . . push args
    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) abort
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $compute-offsets:abort/disp32
$compute-offsets:update-curr-segment-name:
    # slice-to-string(Heap, segment-tmp, curr-segment-name)
    # . . push args
    56/push-esi
    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  slice-to-string/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # next-word(line, segment-tmp)
    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
    51/push-ecx
    e8/call  next-word/disp32
    # . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # if slice-empty?(segment-tmp) abort
    # . eax = slice-empty?(segment-tmp)
    # . . push args
    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) abort
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $compute-offsets:abort/disp32
    # sinfo/edi = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
    # . eax = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
    # . . push args
    68/push  0x14/imm32/row-size
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  get-or-insert-handle/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
    # . edi = eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
    # sinfo->address = parse-hex-int-from-slice(segment-tmp)
    # . eax = parse-hex-int-from-slice(segment-tmp)
    # . . push args
    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  parse-hex-int-from-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . sinfo->address = eax
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edi
    # sinfo->file-offset = *file-offset
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # copy *file-offset to eax
    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
    # trace-sssns("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' is at file offset ", sinfo->file-offset, "")
    # . eax = lookup(curr-segment-name)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  lookup/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . trace-sssns("segment '", eax, "' is at file offset ", file-offset, ".")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "."/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # push *file-offset
    68/push  "' is at file offset "/imm32
    50/push-eax
    68/push  "segment '"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
    # segment-offset = 0
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .     compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  0/imm32  # copy to *segment-offset
    # break
    e9/jump $compute-offsets:line-loop/disp32
$compute-offsets:case-label:
    # if (!is-label?(word-slice)) goto next case
    # . eax = is-label?(word-slice)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  is-label?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax == false) goto next case
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 84/jump-if-=  $compute-offsets:case-default/disp32
    # strip trailing ':' from word-slice
    ff          1/subop/decrement   1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # decrement *(edx+4)
    # linfo/edi = get-or-insert-slice(labels, word-slice, row-size=24)
    # . eax = get-or-insert-slice(labels, word-slice, row-size=24)
    # . . push args
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    68/push  0x18/imm32/row-size
    52/push-edx
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
    # . . call
    e8/call  get-or-insert-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
    # . edi = eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
$compute-offsets:save-label-offset:
    # linfo->segment-name = curr-segment-name
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edi
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to eax
    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
    # trace-slsss("label '" word-slice "' is in segment '" current-segment-name "'.")
    # . eax = lookup(curr-segment-name)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  lookup/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . trace-slsss("label '" word-slice "' is in segment '" eax "'.")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "'."/imm32
    50/push-eax
    68/push  "' is in segment '"/imm32
    52/push-edx
    68/push  "label '"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-slsss/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
    # linfo->segment-offset = segment-offset
    # . ebx = segment-offset
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  # copy *segment-offset to ebx
    # . linfo->segment-offset = ebx
    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   8/disp8         .                 # copy ebx to *(edi+8)
    # trace-slsns("label '" word-slice "' is at segment offset " *segment-offset/eax ".")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "."/imm32
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "' is at segment offset "/imm32
    52/push-edx
    68/push  "label '"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-slsns/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
    # continue
    e9/jump  $compute-offsets:word-loop/disp32
$compute-offsets:case-default:
    # width/eax = compute-width-of-slice(word-slice)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call compute-width-of-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # segment-offset += width
    01/add                          0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  # add eax to *segment-offset
    # file-offset += width
    01/add                          0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # add eax to *file-offset
#?     # dump segment-offset {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "segment-offset: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "segment-offset: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . clear-stream($Stderr->buffer)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  $Stderr->buffer/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-int32-hex-buffered(Stderr, segment-offset)
#?     # . . push args
#?     52/push-edx
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  # push *segment-offset
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . flush(Stderr)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  Newline/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    e9/jump $compute-offsets:word-loop/disp32
$compute-offsets:break-line-loop:
    # sinfo/edi = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
    # . eax = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
    # . . push args
    68/push  0x14/imm32/row-size
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  get-or-insert-handle/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
    # . edi = eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
    # sinfo->size = file-offset - sinfo->file-offset
    # . save ecx
    51/push-ecx
    # . ebx = *file-offset
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # copy *file-offset to ebx
    # . ecx = sinfo->file-offset
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edi+4) to ecx
    # . ebx -= ecx
    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract ecx from ebx
    # . sinfo->size = ebx
    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   8/disp8         .                 # copy ebx to *(edi+8)
    # . restore ecx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    # trace-sssns("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' has size ", sinfo->size, ".")
    # . eax = lookup(curr-segment-name)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  lookup/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . trace-sssns("segment '", eax, "' has size ", ebx, ".")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "."/imm32
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "' has size "/imm32
    50/push-eax
    68/push  "segment '"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
$compute-offsets:end:
    # . reclaim locals
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x21c/imm32       # add to esp
    # . restore registers
    5f/pop-to-edi
    5e/pop-to-esi
    5b/pop-to-ebx
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

$compute-offsets:abort:
    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "'==' must be followed by segment name and segment-start\n"/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
    # . . call
    e8/call  _write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . syscall(exit, 1)
    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
    # never gets here

test-compute-offsets:
    # input:
    #   == code 0x1
    #   ab x/imm32  # skip comment
    #   == data 0x1000
    #   00
    #   x:
    #     34
    #
    # trace contains (in any order):
    #   segment 'code' is at file offset 0x0.
    #   segment 'code' has size 0x5.
    #   segment 'data' is at file offset 0x5.
    #   segment 'data' has size 0x2.
    #   label 'x' is in segment 'data'.
    #   label 'x' is at segment offset 0x1.
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # var segments/ecx: (stream byte 2*20)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x28/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0x28/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
    # var labels/edx: (stream byte 2*24)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x30/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0x30/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "== code 0x1\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab x/imm32  # skip comment\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ab x/imm32  # skip comment\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== data 0x1000\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "== data 0x1000\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "00\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "00\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "x:\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "x:\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "34\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "34\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # compute-offsets(_test-input-stream, segments, labels)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    51/push-ecx
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  compute-offsets/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32        # add to esp
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # check trace
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'code' is at file offset 0x00000000.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/0"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'code' is at file offset 0x00000000."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'code' has size 0x00000005", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/1"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'code' has size 0x00000005."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'data' is at file offset 0x00000005.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/2"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'data' is at file offset 0x00000005."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'data' has size 0x00000002.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/3"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'data' has size 0x00000002."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("label 'x' is in segment 'data'.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/4"/imm32
    68/push  "label 'x' is in segment 'data'."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("label 'x' is at segment offset 0x00000001.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/5"/imm32
    68/push  "label 'x' is at segment offset 0x00000001."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-ints-equal(labels->write, 0x18, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets-maintains-labels-write-index"/imm32
    68/push  0x18/imm32/1-entry
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

# write segments->file-offset,
#       segments->address, and
#       labels->address
compute-addresses:  # segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
    # pseudocode:
    #   var srow: (addr segment-row) = segments->data
    #   var max: (addr byte) = &segments->data[segments->write]
    #   var num-segments: int = segments->write / 20
    #   var starting-offset: int = 0x34 + (num-segments * 0x20)
    #   while true
    #     if (srow >= max) break
    #     srow->file-offset += starting-offset
    #     srow->address &= 0xfffff000  # clear last 12 bits for p_align
    #     srow->address += (srow->file-offset & 0x00000fff)
    #     trace-sssns("segment " srow->key " starts at address " srow->address)
    #     srow += 20  # row-size
    #   var lrow: (addr label-row) = labels->data
    #   max = &labels->data[labels->write]
    #   while true
    #     if (lrow >= max) break
    #     var seg-name: (addr array byte) = lookup(lrow->segment-name)
    #     var label-seg: (addr segment-info) = get(segments, seg-name)
    #     lrow->address = label-seg->address + lrow->segment-offset
    #     trace-sssns("label " lrow->key " is at address " lrow->address)
    #     lrow += 24  # row-size
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    53/push-ebx
    56/push-esi
    57/push-edi
    # esi = segments
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
    # var num-segments/edi: int = segments->write / 20 (row-size)
    # . eax = segments->write
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
    # . edx = 0
    ba/copy-to-edx  0/imm32
    # . ecx = 20 (row-size)
    b9/copy-to-ecx  0x14/imm32/row-size
    # . eax /= ecx (clobbering edx)
    f7          7/subop/divide      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # divide eax by ecx
    # . edi = eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
    # var starting-offset/edi: int = 0x34 + (num-segments * 0x20)  # make room for ELF headers
    c1/shift    4/subop/left        3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               5/imm8            # shift edi left by 5 bits
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               0x34/imm32        # add to edi
    # var max/ecx: (addr byte) = &segments->data[segments->write]
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ecx
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to ecx
    # var srow/esi: (addr segment-row) = segments->data
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+12 to esi
$compute-addresses:segment-loop:
    # if (srow >= max) break
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare esi with ecx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $compute-addresses:segment-break/disp8
    # srow->file-offset += starting-offset
    01/add                          1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0xc/disp8       .                 # add edi to *(esi+12)
    # clear last 12 bits of srow->address for p_align=0x1000
    # . edx = srow->address
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to edx
    # . edx &= 0xfffff000
    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               0xfffff000/imm32  # bitwise and of edx
    # update last 12 bits from srow->file-offset
    # . ebx = srow->file-offset
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(esi+12) to ebx
    # . ebx &= 0xfff
    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x00000fff/imm32  # bitwise and of ebx
    # . srow->address = edx | ebx
    09/or                           3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # edx = bitwise OR with ebx
    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy edx to *(esi+8)
    # trace-sssns("segment " srow " starts at address " srow->address ".")
    # . eax = lookup(*srow)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  lookup/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . trace-sssns("segment " eax " starts at address " srow->address ".")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "."/imm32
    52/push-edx
    68/push  "' starts at address "/imm32
    50/push-eax
    68/push  "segment '"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
    # srow += 20  # size of row
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esi
    eb/jump  $compute-addresses:segment-loop/disp8
$compute-addresses:segment-break:
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # esi = labels
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
    # var max/ecx: (addr byte) = &labels->data[labels->write]
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ecx
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to ecx
    # var lrow/esi: (addr label-row) = labels->data
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+12 to esi
$compute-addresses:label-loop:
    # if (lrow >= max) break
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare esi with ecx
    0f 83/jump-if-addr>=  $compute-addresses:end/disp32
#?     # dump lrow->key {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "label: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "label: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, lrow->key)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # var seg-name/edx: (addr array byte) = lookup(lrow->segment-name)
    # . eax = lookup(lrow->segment-name)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(esi+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  lookup/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . edx = eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edx
#?     # dump seg-name {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "compute-addresses: seg-name: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "seg-name: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, seg-name)
#?     # . . push args
#?     52/push-edx
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # var label-seg/edx: (addr segment-info) = get(segments, seg-name, row-size=20, "segment table")
    # . eax = get(segments, seg-name, row-size=20)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "segment table"/imm32
    68/push  0x14/imm32/row-size
    52/push-edx
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  get/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
    # . edx = eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edx
    # ebx = label-seg->address
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *edx to ebx
    # ebx += lrow->segment-offset
    03/add                          1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   0x10/disp8      .                 # add *(esi+16) to ebx
    # lrow->address = ebx
    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy ebx to *(esi+20)
    # trace-sssns("label " lrow->key " is at address " lrow->address ".")
    # . eax = lookup(lrow->key)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  lookup/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . trace-sssns("label " eax " is at address " lrow->address ".")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "."/imm32
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "' is at address "/imm32
    50/push-eax
    68/push  "label '"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
    # lrow += 24  # size of row
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esi
    e9/jump  $compute-addresses:label-loop/disp32
$compute-addresses:end:
    # . restore registers
    5f/pop-to-edi
    5e/pop-to-esi
    5b/pop-to-ebx
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-compute-addresses:
    # input:
    #   segments:
    #     - 'a': {0x1000, 0, 5}
    #     - 'b': {0x2018, 5, 1}
    #     - 'c': {0x5444, 6, 12}
    #   labels:
    #     - 'l1': {'a', 3, 0}
    #     - 'l2': {'b', 0, 0}
    #
    # trace contains in any order (comments in parens):
    #   segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001094.  (0x34 + 0x20 for each segment)
    #   segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002099.  (0x018 discarded)
    #   segment 'c' starts at address 0x0000509a.  (0x444 discarded)
    #   label 'l1' is at address 0x00001097.       (0x1094 + segment-offset 3)
    #   label 'l2' is at address 0x00002099.       (0x2099 + segment-offset 0)
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . var segments/ecx: (stream byte 10*20)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc8/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0xc8/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
    68/push  0/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "a")
    # . . push args
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "a"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . stream-add5(segments, "a", 0x1000, 0, 5)
    # . . push args
    68/push  5/imm32/segment-size
    68/push  0/imm32/file-offset
    68/push  0x1000/imm32/start-address
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "b")
    # . . push args
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "b"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . stream-add5(segments, "b", 0x2018, 5, 1)
    # . . push args
    68/push  1/imm32/segment-size
    68/push  5/imm32/file-offset
    68/push  0x2018/imm32/start-address
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "c")
    # . . push args
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "c"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . stream-add5(segments, "c", 0x5444, 6, 12)
    68/push  0xc/imm32/segment-size
    68/push  6/imm32/file-offset
    68/push  0x5444/imm32/start-address
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
    # . stream-add6(labels, "l1", "a", 3, 0)
    # . . push args
    68/push  0/imm32/label-address
    68/push  3/imm32/segment-offset
    # . . push "a"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "a"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push "l1"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "l1"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push labels
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
    # . stream-add6(labels, "l2", "b", 0, 0)
    # . . push args
    68/push  0/imm32/label-address
    68/push  0/imm32/segment-offset
    # . . push "b"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "b"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push "l2"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "l2"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push labels
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
    # component under test
    # . compute-addresses(segments, labels)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  compute-addresses/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # checks
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001094.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/0"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001094."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002099.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/1"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002099."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'c' starts at address 0x0000509a.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/2"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'c' starts at address 0x0000509a."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("label 'l1' is at address 0x00001097.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/3"/imm32
    68/push  "label 'l1' is at address 0x00001097."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("label 'l2' is at address 0x00002099.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/4"/imm32
    68/push  "label 'l2' is at address 0x00002099."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-ints-equal(labels->write, 0x30, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/maintains-labels-write-index"/imm32
    68/push  0x30/imm32/2-entries
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-compute-addresses-large-segments:
    # input:
    #   segments:
    #     - 'a': {0x1000, 0, 0x5604}
    #     - 'b': {0x2018, 0x5604, 1}
    #   labels:
    #     - 'l1': {'a', 3, 0}
    #
    # trace contains in any order (comments in parens):
    #   segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001074.  (0x34 + 0x20 for each segment)
    #   segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002678.  (0x018 discarded; last 3 nibbles from 0x1074 + 0x5604)
    #   label 'l1' is at address 0x00001077.       (0x1074 + segment-offset 3)
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . var segments/ecx: (stream byte 10*20)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc8/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0xc8/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
    68/push  0/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "a")
    # . . push args
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "a"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . stream-add5(segments, "a", 0x1000, 0, 0x5604)
    68/push  0x5604/imm32/segment-size
    68/push  0/imm32/file-offset
    68/push  0x1000/imm32/start-address
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "b")
    # . . push args
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "b"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . stream-add5(segments, "b", 0x2018, 0x5604, 1)
    68/push  1/imm32/segment-size
    68/push  0x5604/imm32/file-offset
    68/push  0x2018/imm32/start-address
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
    # . stream-add6(labels, "l1", "a", 3, 0)
    68/push  0/imm32/label-address
    68/push  3/imm32/segment-offset
    # . . push "a"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "a"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push "l1"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "l1"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push labels
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
    # component under test
    # . compute-addresses(segments, labels)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  compute-addresses/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # checks
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001074.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses-large-segments/0"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001074."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002678.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses-large-segments/1"/imm32
    68/push  "segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002678."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . check-trace-contains("label 'l1' is at address 0x00001077.", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses-large-segments/3"/imm32
    68/push  "label 'l1' is at address 0x00001077."/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

emit-output:  # in: (addr stream byte), out: (addr buffered-file), segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
    # pseudocode:
    #   emit-headers(out, segments, labels)
    #   emit-segments(in, out, labels)
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
#?     # write(2/stderr, "emit-headers\n") {{{
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "emit-headers\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # emit-headers(out, segments, labels)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8       .                # push *(ebp+20)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8       .                # push *(ebp+16)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8        .                # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-headers/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
#?     # write(2/stderr, "emit-segments\n") {{{
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "emit-segments\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # emit-segments(in, out, labels)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-segments/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
$emit-output:end:
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

emit-segments:  # in: (addr stream byte), out: (addr buffered-file), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
    # pseudocode:
    #   var offset-of-next-instruction = 0
    #   var line: (stream byte 512)
    #   line-loop:
    #   while true
    #     clear-stream(line)
    #     read-line(in, line)
    #     if (line->write == 0) break               # end of file
    #     offset-of-next-instruction += num-bytes(line)
    #     while true
    #       var word-slice = next-word(line)
    #       if slice-empty?(word-slice)             # end of line
    #         break
    #       if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")  # comment
    #         break
    #       if is-label?(word-slice)                # no need for label declarations anymore
    #         goto line-loop                        # don't insert empty lines
    #       if slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")       # no need for segment header lines
    #         goto line-loop                        # don't insert empty lines
    #       if length(word-slice) == 2
    #         write-slice-buffered(out, word-slice)
    #         write-buffered(out, " ")
    #         continue
    #       var datum: (addr slice) = next-token-from-slice(word-slice->start, word-slice->end, "/")
    #       var info: (addr label-info) = get-slice(labels, datum)
    #       var curr-segment-name: (addr array byte) = lookup(info->segment-name)
    #       if !string-equal?(info->segment-name, "code")
    #         if has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8")
    #           abort
    #         if has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8")
    #           abort
    #         emit(out, info->address, 4)  # global variables always translate init.linux to absolute addresses
    #       # code segment cases
    #       else if has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8")
    #         abort  # label should never go to imm8
    #       else if has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm32")
    #         emit(out, info->address, 4)
    #       else if has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8")
    #         value = info->offset - offset-of-next-instruction
    #         emit(out, value, 1)
    #       else if has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp32")
    #         value = info->offset - offset-of-next-instruction
    #         emit(out, value, 4)
    #       else
    #         abort
    #     write-buffered(out, "\n")
    #
    # registers:
    #   line: ecx
    #   word-slice: edx
    #   offset-of-next-instruction: ebx
    #   datum: edi
    #   info: esi (inner loop only)
    #   temporaries: eax, esi (outer loop)
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    53/push-ebx
    56/push-esi
    57/push-edi
    # var line/ecx: (stream byte 512)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x200/imm32       # subtract from esp
    68/push  0x200/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
    # var word-slice/edx: slice
    68/push  0/imm32/end
    68/push  0/imm32/start
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
    # var datum/edi: slice
    68/push  0/imm32/end
    68/push  0/imm32/start
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edi
    # offset-of-next-instruction/ebx = 0
    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
$emit-segments:line-loop:
    # clear-stream(line)
    # . . push args
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # read-line(in, line)
    # . . push args
    51/push-ecx
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  read-line/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # dump line {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "LL: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "LL: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # write-stream(2/stderr, line)
#?     # . . push args
#?     51/push-ecx
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . rewind-stream(line)
#?     # . . push args
#?     51/push-ecx
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
$emit-segments:check-for-end-of-input:
    # if (line->write == 0) break
    81          7/subop/compare     0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # compare *ecx
    0f 84/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:end/disp32
    # offset-of-next-instruction += num-bytes(line)
    # . eax = num-bytes(line)
    # . . push args
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . ebx += eax
    01/add                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to ebx
$emit-segments:word-loop:
    # next-word(line, word-slice)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  next-word/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # dump word-slice {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "w: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "w: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, word-slice)
#?     # . . push args
#?     52/push-edx
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . flush(Stderr)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
$emit-segments:check-for-end-of-line:
    # if (slice-empty?(word-slice)) break
    # . eax = slice-empty?(word-slice)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != 0) break
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:next-line/disp32
$emit-segments:check-for-comment:
    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")) break
    # . start/esi = word-slice->start
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   .               .                 # copy *edx to esi
    # . c/eax = *start
    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *esi to AL
    # . if (eax == '#') break
    3d/compare-eax-and  0x23/imm32/hash
    0f 84/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:next-line/disp32
$emit-segments:check-for-label:
    # if is-label?(word-slice) break
    # . eax = is-label?(word-slice)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  is-label?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) break
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:line-loop/disp32
$emit-segments:check-for-segment-header:
    # if (slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")) break
    # . eax = slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "=="/imm32
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) break
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:line-loop/disp32
$emit-segments:2-character:
    # if (size(word-slice) != 2) goto next check
    # . eax = size(word-slice)
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edx+4) to eax
    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract *edx from eax
    # . if (eax != 2) goto next check
    3d/compare-eax-and  2/imm32
    75/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:check-metadata/disp8
    # write-slice-buffered(out, word-slice)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-buffered(out, " ")
    # . . push args
    68/push  Space/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # continue
    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
$emit-segments:check-metadata:
    # - if we get here, 'word-slice' must be a label to be looked up
    # datum/edi = next-token-from-slice(word-slice->start, word-slice->end, "/")
    # . . push args
    57/push-edi
    68/push  0x2f/imm32/slash
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(edx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  next-token-from-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
#?     # dump datum {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "datum: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "datum: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, datum)
#?     # . . push args
#?     57/push-edi
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . flush(Stderr)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # info/esi = get-slice(labels, datum, row-size=24, "label table")
    # . eax = get-slice(labels, datum, row-size=24, "label table")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "label table"/imm32
    68/push  0x18/imm32/row-size
    57/push-edi
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
    # . . call
    e8/call  get-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
    # . esi = eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to esi
$emit-segments:check-global-variable:
    # if string-equal?(info->segment-name, "code") goto code label checks
    # . eax = lookup(info->segment-name)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  lookup/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . eax = string-equal?(eax, "code")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "code"/imm32
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) goto code label checks
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:check-code-label-for-imm8/disp32
$emit-segments:check-global-variable-for-disp8:
    # if has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8") abort
    # . eax = has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "disp8"/imm32
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) abort
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:global-variable-abort/disp32
$emit-segments:check-global-variable-for-imm8:
    # if has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8") abort
    # . eax = has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "imm8"/imm32
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) abort
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:global-variable-abort/disp32
$emit-segments:emit-global-variable:
    # emit-hex(out, info->address, 4)
    # . . push args
    68/push  4/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(esi+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-hex/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # continue
    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
$emit-segments:check-code-label-for-imm8:
    # if (has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8")) abort
    # . eax = has-metadata?(edx, "imm8")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "imm8"/imm32
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) abort
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:imm8-abort/disp32
$emit-segments:check-code-label-for-imm32:
    # if (!has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm32")) goto next check
    # . eax = has-metadata?(edx, "imm32")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "imm32"/imm32
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax == false) goto next check
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    74/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:check-code-label-for-disp8/disp8
#?     # dump info->address {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "info->address: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "info->address: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-int32-hex-buffered(Stderr, info->address)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(esi+12)
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . flush(Stderr)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
$emit-segments:emit-code-label-imm32:
    # emit-hex(out, info->address, 4)
    # . . push args
    68/push  4/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(esi+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-hex/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # continue
    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
$emit-segments:check-code-label-for-disp8:
    # if (!has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8")) goto next check
    # . eax = has-metadata?(edx, "disp8")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "disp8"/imm32
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax == false) goto next check
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    74/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:check-code-label-for-disp32/disp8
$emit-segments:emit-code-label-disp8:
    # emit-hex(out, info->offset - offset-of-next-instruction, 1)
    # . . push args
    68/push  1/imm32
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to eax
    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # subtract ebx from eax
    50/push-eax
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-hex/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # continue
    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
$emit-segments:check-code-label-for-disp32:
    # if (!has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp32")) abort
    # . eax = has-metadata?(edx, "disp32")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "disp32"/imm32
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax == false) abort
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    0f 84/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:abort/disp32
$emit-segments:emit-code-label-disp32:
    # emit-hex(out, info->offset - offset-of-next-instruction, 4)
    # . . push args
    68/push  4/imm32
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to eax
    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # subtract ebx from eax
    50/push-eax
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-hex/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # continue
    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
$emit-segments:next-line:
    # write-buffered(out, "\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  Newline/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # loop
    e9/jump  $emit-segments:line-loop/disp32
$emit-segments:end:
    # . reclaim locals
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x21c/imm32       # add to esp
    # . restore registers
    5f/pop-to-edi
    5e/pop-to-esi
    5b/pop-to-ebx
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

$emit-segments:global-variable-abort:
    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "emit-segments: must refer to global variables with /disp32 or /imm32"/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
    # . . call
    e8/call  _write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . syscall(exit, 1)
    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
    # never gets here

$emit-segments:imm8-abort:
    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "emit-segments: cannot refer to code labels with /imm8"/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
    # . . call
    e8/call  _write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . syscall(exit, 1)
    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
    # never gets here

$emit-segments:abort:
    # print(stderr, "missing metadata in " word-slice)
    # . _write(2/stderr, "missing metadata in word ")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "emit-segments: missing metadata in "/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
    # . . call
    e8/call  _write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, word-slice)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    68/push  Stderr/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . flush(Stderr)
    # . . push args
    68/push  Stderr/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  flush/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . syscall(exit, 1)
    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
    # never gets here

test-emit-segments-global-variable:
    # global variables always convert to absolute addresses, regardless of metadata
    #
    # input:
    #   in:
    #     == code 0x1000
    #     ab cd ef gh
    #     ij x/disp32
    #     == data 0x2000
    #     00
    #     x:
    #       34
    #   labels:
    #     - 'x': {'data', 1, 0x207a}
    #
    # output:
    #   ab cd ef gh
    #   ij 7a 20 00 00
    #   00
    #   34
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
    # . . push args
    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
    68/push  0/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1000\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "== code 0x1000\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd ef gh\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ab cd ef gh\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ij x/disp32\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ij x/disp32\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== data 0x2000\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "== data 0x2000\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "00\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "00\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "x:\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "x:\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "34\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "34\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . stream-add6(labels, "x", "data", 1, 0x207a)
    68/push  0x207a/imm32/label-address
    68/push  1/imm32/segment-offset
    # . . push "data"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "data"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push "l1"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "x"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push labels
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
    # component under test
    # . emit-segments(_test-input-stream, _test-output-buffered-file, labels)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-segments/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # checks
    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  flush/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # dump output {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "result: ^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "result: ^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . rewind-stream(_test-output-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab cd ef gh ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-global-variable/0"/imm32
    68/push  "ab cd ef gh "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ij 7a 20 00 00 ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-global-variable/1"/imm32
    68/push  "ij 7a 20 00 00 "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "00 ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-global-variable/2"/imm32
    68/push  "00 "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "34 ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-global-variable/3"/imm32
    68/push  "34 "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-emit-segments-code-label:
    # labels usually convert to displacements
    #
    # input:
    #   in:
    #     == code 0x1000
    #     ab cd
    #     l1:
    #       ef gh
    #       ij l1/disp32
    #   labels:
    #     - 'l1': {'code', 2, 0x1056}
    #
    # output:
    #   ab cd
    #   ef gh
    #   ij f9 ff ff ff  # -7
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
    # . . push args
    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
    68/push  0/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1000\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "== code 0x1000\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ab cd\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "l1:\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "l1:\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "  ef gh\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "  ef gh\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "  ij l1/disp32\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "  ij l1/disp32\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . stream-add6(labels, "l1", "code", 2, 0x1056)
    68/push  0x1056/imm32/label-address
    68/push  2/imm32/segment-offset
    # . . push "data"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "code"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push "l1"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "l1"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push labels
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
    # component under test
    # . emit-segments(_test-input-stream, _test-output-buffered-file, labels)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-segments/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # checks
    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  flush/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # dump output {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "result: ^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "result: ^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . rewind-stream(_test-output-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab cd ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label/0"/imm32
    68/push  "ab cd "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ef gh ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label/1"/imm32
    68/push  "ef gh "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ij f9 ff ff ff ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label/2"/imm32
    68/push  "ij f9 ff ff ff "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-emit-segments-code-label-absolute:
    # labels can also convert to absolute addresses
    #
    # input:
    #   in:
    #     == code 0x1000
    #     ab cd
    #     l1:
    #       ef gh
    #       ij l1/imm32
    #   labels:
    #     - 'l1': {'code', 2, 0x1056}
    #
    # output:
    #   ab cd
    #   ef gh
    #   ij 56 10 00 00
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
    # . . push args
    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
    68/push  0/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1000\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "== code 0x1000\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ab cd\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "l1:\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "l1:\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "  ef gh\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "  ef gh\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "  ij l1/imm32\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "  ij l1/imm32\n"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . stream-add6(labels, "l1", "code", 2, 0x1056)
    68/push  0x1056/imm32/label-address
    68/push  2/imm32/segment-offset
    # . . push "data"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "code"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push "l1"
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "l1"/imm32
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
    # . . push labels
    52/push-edx
    # . . call
    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
    # component under test
    # . emit-segments(_test-input-stream, _test-output-buffered-file, labels)
    # . . push args
    52/push-edx
    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-segments/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # checks
    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  flush/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # dump output {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "result: ^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "result: ^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . rewind-stream(_test-output-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab cd ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label-absolute/0"/imm32
    68/push  "ab cd "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ef gh ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label-absolute/1"/imm32
    68/push  "ef gh "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ij f9 ff ff ff ", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label-absolute/2"/imm32
    68/push  "ij 56 10 00 00 "/imm32
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

emit-headers:  # out: (addr buffered-file), segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
    # pseudocode:
    #   emit-elf-header(out, segments, labels)
    #   var curr-segment-row: (addr handle array byte) = segments->data
    #   max = &segments->data[segments->write]
    #   while true
    #     if (curr-segment >= max) break
    #     emit-elf-program-header-entry(out, curr-segment-row)
    #     curr-segment-row += 20                        # size of a row
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    # emit-elf-header(out, segments, labels)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-elf-header/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # eax = segments
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to eax
    # ecx = segments->write
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
    # curr-segment/eax = segments->data
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy eax+12 to eax
    # max/ecx = &segments->data[segments->write]
    01/add                          3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to ecx
$emit-headers:loop:
    # if (curr-segment >= max) break
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare eax with ecx
    0f 83/jump-if-addr>=  $emit-headers:end/disp32
#?     # dump curr-segment->name {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "about to emit ph entry: segment->name: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "about to emit ph entry: segment->name: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . clear-stream($Stderr->buffer)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  $Stderr->buffer/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-int32-hex-buffered(Stderr, &curr-segment)
#?     # . . push args
#?     50/push-eax
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . flush(Stderr)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, " -> ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  " -> "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-int32-hex-buffered(Stderr, curr-segment->name)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *eax
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . flush(Stderr)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  Newline/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
#?     # write(2/stderr, "emit-segment-header\n") {{{
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "emit-segment-header\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # emit-elf-program-header-entry(out, curr-segment)
    # . . push args
    50/push-eax
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-elf-program-header-entry/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # curr-segment += 20                        # size of a row
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to eax
    e9/jump  $emit-headers:loop/disp32
$emit-headers:end:
    # . restore registers
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

emit-elf-header:  # out: (addr buffered-file), segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
    # pseudocode
    #   *$Elf_e_entry = get(labels, "Entry")->address
    #   *$Elf_e_phnum = segments->write / 20         # size of a row
    #   emit-hex-array(out, Elf_header)
    #   write-buffered(out, "\n")
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx  # just because we need to call idiv
    # *$Elf_e_entry = get(labels, "Entry")->address
    # . eax = labels
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to eax
    # . label-info/eax = get(labels, "Entry", row-size=24, "label table")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "label table"/imm32
    68/push  0x18/imm32/row-size
    68/push  "Entry"/imm32
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  get/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
    # . eax = label-info->address
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(eax+12) to eax
    # . *$Elf_e_entry = eax
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_e_entry/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_e_entry
    # *$Elf_e_phnum = segments->write / 20
    # . eax = segments
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to eax
    # . len/eax = segments->write
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *eax to eax
    # . eax = len / 20  (clobbering ecx and edx)
    b9/copy-to-ecx  0x14/imm32
    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # clear edx
    f7          7/subop/idiv        3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # divide edx:eax by ecx, storing quotient in eax and remainder in edx
    # . *$Elf_e_phnum = eax
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_e_phnum/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_e_phnum
    # emit-hex-array(out, Elf_header)
    # . . push args
    68/push  Elf_header/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-hex-array/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-buffered(out, "\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  Newline/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
$emit-elf-header:end:
    # . restore registers
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

# segment-info: {address, file-offset, size}                                  (12 bytes)
# segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info})                 (20 bytes per row)
emit-elf-program-header-entry:  # out: (addr buffered-file), curr-segment: (addr {(handle array byte), segment-info})
    # pseudocode:
    #   *$Elf_p_offset = curr-segment->file-offset
    #   *$Elf_p_vaddr = curr-segment->address
    #   *$Elf_p_paddr = curr-segment->address
    #   *$Elf_p_filesz = curr-segment->size
    #   *$Elf_p_memsz = curr-segment->size
    #   if curr-segment->name == "code"
    #     *$Elf_p_flags = 5  # r-x
    #   else
    #     *$Elf_p_flags = 6  # rw-
    #   emit-hex-array(out, Elf_program_header_entry)
    #   write-buffered(out, "\n")
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    56/push-esi
    # esi = curr-segment
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
    # *$Elf_p_offset = curr-segment->file-offset
    # . eax = curr-segment->file-offset
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(esi+12) to eax
    # . *$Elf_p_offset = eax
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_offset/disp32              # copy eax to *$Elf_p_offset
    # *$Elf_p_vaddr = curr-segment->address
    # . eax = curr-segment->address
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to eax
    # . *$Elf_p_vaddr = eax
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_vaddr/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_p_vaddr
    # *$Elf_p_paddr = curr-segment->address
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_paddr/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_p_paddr
    # *$Elf_p_filesz = curr-segment->size
    # . eax = curr-segment->size
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8       .                # copy *(esi+16) to eax
    # . *$Elf_p_filesz = eax
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_filesz/disp32              # copy eax to *$Elf_p_filesz
    # *$Elf_p_memsz = curr-segment->size
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_memsz/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_p_memsz
    # if (!string-equal?(name, "code") goto next check
    # . var name/eax: (addr array byte) = lookup(curr-segment->name)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
    # . . call
    e8/call  lookup/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . eax = string-equal?(name, "code")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "code"/imm32
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax == false) goto next check
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    74/jump-if-=  $emit-elf-program-header-entry:data/disp8
    # *$Elf_p_flags = r-x
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           $Elf_p_flags/disp32  5/imm32      # copy to *$Elf_p_flags
    eb/jump  $emit-elf-program-header-entry:really-emit/disp8
$emit-elf-program-header-entry:data:
    # otherwise *$Elf_p_flags = rw-
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           $Elf_p_flags/disp32  6/imm32      # copy to *$Elf_p_flags
$emit-elf-program-header-entry:really-emit:
    # emit-hex-array(out, Elf_program_header_entry)
    # . . push args
    68/push  Elf_program_header_entry/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  emit-hex-array/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-buffered(out, "\n")
    # . . push args
    68/push  Newline/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
$emit-elf-program-header-entry:end:
    # . restore registers
    5e/pop-to-esi
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

# - some helpers for tests

stream-add4:  # in: (addr stream byte), key: addr, val1: addr, val2: addr, val3: addr
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    56/push-esi
    # esi = in
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
    # curr/eax = &in->data[in->write]
    # . eax = in->write
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
    # . eax = esi+eax+12
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
    # max/edx = &in->data[in->size]
    # . edx = in->size
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to edx
    # . edx = esi+edx+12
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+edx+12 to edx
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add4:abort/disp8
    # *curr = key
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add4:abort/disp8
    # *curr = val1
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add4:abort/disp8
    # *curr = val2
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+20) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add4:abort/disp8
    # *curr = val3
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x18/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+24) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # in->write += 16
    81          0/subop/add         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to *esi
$stream-add4:end:
    # . restore registers
    5e/pop-to-esi
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

$stream-add4:abort:
    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "overflow in stream-add4\n"/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
    # . . call
    e8/call  _write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . syscall(exit, 1)
    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
    # never gets here

stream-add5:  # in: (addr stream byte), key: handle, val1: addr, val2: addr, val3: addr
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    56/push-esi
    # esi = in
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
    # curr/eax = &in->data[in->write]
    # . eax = in->write
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
    # . eax = esi+eax+12
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
    # max/edx = &in->data[in->size]
    # . edx = in->size
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to edx
    # . edx = esi+edx+12
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+edx+12 to edx
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
    # *curr = key->alloc-id
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
    # *curr = key->payload
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
    # *curr = val1
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+20) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
    # *curr = val2
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x18/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+24) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
    # *curr = val3
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x1c/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+28) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # in->write += 20
    81          0/subop/add         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to *esi
$stream-add5:end:
    # . restore registers
    5e/pop-to-esi
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

$stream-add5:abort:
    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "overflow in stream-add5\n"/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
    # . . call
    e8/call  _write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . syscall(exit, 1)
    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
    # never gets here

stream-add6:  # in: (addr stream byte), key: handle, val1: addr, val2: addr, val3: addr, val4: addr
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    56/push-esi
    # esi = in
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
    # curr/eax = &in->data[in->write]
    # . eax = in->write
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
    # . eax = esi+eax+12
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
    # max/edx = &in->data[in->size]
    # . edx = in->size
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to edx
    # . edx = esi+edx+12
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+edx+12 to edx
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
    # *curr = key->alloc-id
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
    # *curr = key->payload
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
    # *curr = val1
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+20) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
    # *curr = val2
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x18/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+24) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
$aa-write-segment-offset:
    # *curr = val3
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x1c/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+28) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # curr += 4
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # if (curr >= max) abort
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
    # *curr = val4
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x20/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+32) to ecx
    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
    # in->write += 24
    81          0/subop/add         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to *esi
$stream-add6:end:
    # . restore registers
    5e/pop-to-esi
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

$stream-add6:abort:
    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "overflow in stream-add6\n"/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
    # . . call
    e8/call  _write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . syscall(exit, 1)
    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
    # never gets here

# some variants of 'trace' that take multiple arguments in different combinations of types:
#   n: int
#   c: character [4-bytes, will eventually be UTF-8]
#   s: (addr array byte)
#   l: (addr slice)
# one gotcha: 's5' must not be empty

trace-sssns:  # s1: (addr array byte), s2: (addr array byte), s3: (addr array byte), n4: int, s5: (addr array byte)
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s2)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-int32-hex(*Trace-stream, n4)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-int32-hex/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
$trace-sssns:end:
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-trace-sssns:
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
    # trace-sssns("A" "b" "c " 3 " e")
    # . . push args
    68/push  " e"/imm32
    68/push  3/imm32
    68/push  "c "/imm32
    68/push  "b"/imm32
    68/push  "A"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # check-trace-contains("Abc 0x00000003 e")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-trace-sssns"/imm32
    68/push  "Abc 0x00000003 e"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

trace-snsns:  # s1: (addr array byte), n2: int, s3: (addr array byte), n4: int, s5: (addr array byte)
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-int32-hex(*Trace-stream, n2)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-int32-hex/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-int32-hex(*Trace-stream, n4)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-int32-hex/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
$trace-snsns:end:
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-trace-snsns:
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
    # trace-snsns("A " 2 " c " 3 " e")
    # . . push args
    68/push  " e"/imm32
    68/push  3/imm32
    68/push  " c "/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32
    68/push  "A "/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-snsns/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # check-trace-contains("Abc 0x00000003 e")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-trace-snsns"/imm32
    68/push  "A 0x00000002 c 0x00000003 e"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

trace-slsls:  # s1: (addr array byte), l2: (addr slice), s3: (addr array byte), l4: (addr slice), s5: (addr array byte)
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-slice(*Trace-stream, l2)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-slice(*Trace-stream, l4)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
$trace-slsls:end:
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-trace-slsls:
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
    # (eax..ecx) = "b"
    b8/copy-to-eax  "b"/imm32
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # var b/ebx: slice = {eax, ecx}
    51/push-ecx
    50/push-eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
    # (eax..ecx) = "d"
    b8/copy-to-eax  "d"/imm32
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # var d/edx: slice = {eax, ecx}
    51/push-ecx
    50/push-eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
    # trace-slsls("A" b "c" d "e")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "e"/imm32
    52/push-edx
    68/push  "c"/imm32
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "A"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-slsls/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # check-trace-contains("Abcde")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-trace-slsls"/imm32
    68/push  "Abcde"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

trace-slsns:  # s1: (addr array byte), l2: (addr slice), s3: (addr array byte), n4: int, s5: (addr array byte)
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-slice(*Trace-stream, l2)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-int32-hex(*Trace-stream, n4)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-int32-hex/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
$trace-slsns:end:
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-trace-slsns:
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
    # (eax..ecx) = "b"
    b8/copy-to-eax  "b"/imm32
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # var b/ebx: slice = {eax, ecx}
    51/push-ecx
    50/push-eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
    # trace-slsls("A" b "c " 3 " e")
    # . . push args
    68/push  " e"/imm32
    68/push  3/imm32
    68/push  "c "/imm32
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "A"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-slsns/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # check-trace-contains("Abc 0x00000003 e")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-trace-slsls"/imm32
    68/push  "Abc 0x00000003 e"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

trace-slsss:  # s1: (addr array byte), l2: (addr slice), s3: (addr array byte), s4: (addr array byte), s5: (addr array byte)
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-slice(*Trace-stream, l2)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(*Trace-stream, s4)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
$trace-slsss:end:
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-trace-slsss:
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
    # (eax..ecx) = "b"
    b8/copy-to-eax  "b"/imm32
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
    # var b/ebx: slice = {eax, ecx}
    51/push-ecx
    50/push-eax
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
    # trace-slsss("A" b "c" "d" "e")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "e"/imm32
    68/push  "d"/imm32
    68/push  "c"/imm32
    53/push-ebx
    68/push  "A"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  trace-slsss/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # check-trace-contains("Abcde")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-trace-slsss"/imm32
    68/push  "Abcde"/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

num-bytes:  # line: (addr stream byte) -> eax: int
    # pseudocode:
    #   result = 0
    #   while true
    #     var word-slice = next-word(line)
    #     if slice-empty?(word-slice)             # end of line
    #       break
    #     if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")  # comment
    #       break
    #     if is-label?(word-slice)                # no need for label declarations anymore
    #       break
    #     if slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
    #       break                                 # no need for segment header lines
    #     result += compute-width(word-slice)
    #   return result
    #
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    53/push-ebx
    # var result/eax = 0
    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
    # var word-slice/ecx: slice
    68/push  0/imm32/end
    68/push  0/imm32/start
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
#?     # dump line {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "LL: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "LL: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # write-stream(2/stderr, line)
#?     # . . push args
#?     ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
    # . rewind-stream(line)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
$num-bytes:loop:
    # next-word(line, word-slice)
    # . . push args
    51/push-ecx
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  next-word/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # dump word-slice {{{
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "AA: ")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "AA: "/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . clear-stream($Stderr->buffer)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  $Stderr->buffer/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, word-slice)
#?     # . . push args
#?     51/push-ecx
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . flush(Stderr)
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
#?     # . . push args
#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
#?     # . . call
#?     e8/call  write/disp32
#?     # . . discard args
#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
#?     # }}}
$num-bytes:check0:
    # if (slice-empty?(word-slice)) break
    # . save result
    50/push-eax
    # . eax = slice-empty?(word-slice)
    # . . push args
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) break
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    # . restore result now that ZF is set
    58/pop-to-eax
    75/jump-if-!=  $num-bytes:end/disp8
$num-bytes:check-for-comment:
    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")) break
    # . start/edx = word-slice->start
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # copy *ecx to edx
    # . c/ebx = *start
    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    .               .                 # copy byte at *edx to BL
    # . if (ebx == '#') break
    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x23/imm32/hash   # compare ebx
    74/jump-if-=  $num-bytes:end/disp8
$num-bytes:check-for-label:
    # if (slice-ends-with?(word-slice, ":")) break
    # . end/edx = word-slice->end
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to edx
    # . c/ebx = *(end-1)
    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    -1/disp8        .                 # copy byte at *ecx to BL
    # . if (ebx == ':') break
    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x3a/imm32/colon  # compare ebx
    74/jump-if-=  $num-bytes:end/disp8
$num-bytes:check-for-segment-header:
    # if (slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")) break
    # . push result
    50/push-eax
    # . eax = slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "=="/imm32
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax != false) break
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    # . restore result now that ZF is set
    58/pop-to-eax
    75/jump-if-!=  $num-bytes:end/disp8
$num-bytes:loop-body:
    # result += compute-width-of-slice(word-slice)
    # . copy result to edx
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edx
    # . eax = compute-width-of-slice(word-slice)
    # . . push args
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call compute-width-of-slice/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . eax += result
    01/add                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # add edx to eax
    e9/jump  $num-bytes:loop/disp32
$num-bytes:end:
    # . rewind-stream(line)
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . reclaim locals
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . restore registers
    5b/pop-to-ebx
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-num-bytes-handles-empty-string:
    # if a line starts with '#', return 0
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # no contents in input
    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-handles-empty-string"/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32/true
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-num-bytes-ignores-comments:
    # if a line starts with '#', return 0
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "# abcd")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "# abcd"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-ignores-comments"/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32/true
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-num-bytes-ignores-labels:
    # if the first word ends with ':', return 0
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab: # cd")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ab: # cd"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-ignores-labels"/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32/true
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-num-bytes-ignores-segment-headers:
    # if the first word is '==', return 0
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== ab cd")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "== ab cd"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-ignores-segment-headers"/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32/true
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-num-bytes-counts-words-by-default:
    # without metadata, count words
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd ef")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ab cd ef"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 3, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-counts-words-by-default"/imm32
    68/push  3/imm32/true
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-num-bytes-ignores-trailing-comment:
    # trailing comments appropriately ignored
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd # ef")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ab cd # ef"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 2, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-ignores-trailing-comment"/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32/true
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-num-bytes-handles-imm32:
    # if a word has the /imm32 metadata, count it as 4 bytes
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # initialize input
    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd/imm32 ef")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "ab cd/imm32 ef"/imm32
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 6, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-handles-imm32"/imm32
    68/push  6/imm32/true
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

== data

# This block of bytes gets copied to the start of the output ELF file, with
# some fields (the ones with labels capitalized) filled in.
# http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/ch4.eheader.html
Elf_header:
  # - size
  0x34/imm32
  # - data
$e_ident:
  7f 45/E 4c/L 46/F
  01/32-bit  01/little-endian  01/file-version  00/no-os-extensions
  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  # 8 bytes of padding
$e_type:
  02 00
$e_machine:
  03 00
$e_version:
  1/imm32
$Elf_e_entry:
  0x09000000/imm32  # approximate default; must be updated
$e_phoff:
  0x34/imm32  # offset for the 'program header table' containing segment headers
$e_shoff:
  0/imm32  # no sections
$e_flags:
  0/imm32  # unused
$e_ehsize:
  0x34 00
$e_phentsize:
  0x20 00
$Elf_e_phnum:
  00 00  # number of segments; must be updated
$e_shentsize:
  00 00  # no sections
$e_shnum:
  00 00
$e_shstrndx:
  00 00

# This block of bytes gets copied after the Elf_header once for each segment.
# Some fields need filling in each time.
# https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19683-01/816-1386/chapter6-83432/index.html
Elf_program_header_entry:
  # - size
  0x20/imm32
  # - data
$p_type:
  1/imm32/PT_LOAD
$Elf_p_offset:
  0/imm32  # byte offset in the file at which a segment begins; must be updated
$Elf_p_vaddr:
  0/imm32  # starting address to store the segment at before running the program
$Elf_p_paddr:
  0/imm32  # should have same value as $Elf_p_vaddr
$Elf_p_filesz:
  0/imm32
$Elf_p_memsz:
  0/imm32  # should have same value as $Elf_p_filesz
$Elf_p_flags:
  6/imm32/rw-  # read/write/execute permissions for the segment; must be updated for the code segment
$p_align:
  # we hold this constant; changing it will require adjusting the way we
  # compute the starting address for each segment
  0x1000/imm32

# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0