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<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Types")</span>
<span class="Comment">// A program is a book of 'recipes' (functions)</span>
typedef size_t recipe_number<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Globals")</span>
map<string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> recipe_number> Recipe_number<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
map<recipe_number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> recipe> Recipe<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
recipe_number Next_recipe_number = <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Types")</span>
<span class="Comment">// Recipes are lists of instructions. To run a recipe, the computer runs its</span>
<span class="Comment">// instructions.</span>
struct recipe <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
string name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
vector<instruction> steps<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// End recipe Fields</span>
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "struct recipe")</span>
<span class="Comment">// Each instruction is either of the form:</span>
<span class="Comment">// product1, product2, product3, ... <- operation ingredient1, ingredient2, ingredient3, ...</span>
<span class="Comment">// or just a single 'label' starting with a non-alphanumeric character</span>
<span class="Comment">// +label</span>
<span class="Comment">// Labels don't do anything, they're just waypoints.</span>
struct instruction <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
bool is_label<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
string label<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// only if is_label</span>
string name<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// only if !is_label</span>
recipe_number operation<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// Recipe_number[name]</span>
vector<reagent> ingredients<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// only if !is_label</span>
vector<reagent> products<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// only if !is_label</span>
instruction<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
void clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
string to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> const<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "struct instruction")</span>
<span class="Comment">// Ingredients and products are a single species -- a reagent. Reagents refer</span>
<span class="Comment">// either to numbers or to locations in memory along with 'type' tags telling</span>
<span class="Comment">// us how to interpret them. They also can contain arbitrary other lists of</span>
<span class="Comment">// properties besides types, but we're getting ahead of ourselves.</span>
struct reagent <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
vector<pair<string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector<string> > > properties<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
string name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
long long int value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
bool initialized<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
vector<type_number> types<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
reagent<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string s<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
reagent<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
void set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int v<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> value = v<span class="Delimiter">;</span> initialized = <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
string to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> const<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "struct reagent")</span>
struct property <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
vector<string> values<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Globals")</span>
<span class="Comment">// Locations refer to a common 'memory'. Each location can store a number.</span>
map<index_t<span class="Delimiter">,</span> double> Memory<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Setup")</span>
Memory<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Types")</span>
<span class="Comment">// Mu types encode how the numbers stored in different parts of memory are</span>
<span class="Comment">// interpreted. A location tagged as a 'character' type will interpret the</span>
<span class="Comment">// number 97 as the letter 'a', while a different location of type 'number'</span>
<span class="Comment">// would not.</span>
<span class="Comment">//</span>
<span class="Comment">// Unlike most computers today, mu stores types in a single big table, shared</span>
<span class="Comment">// by all the mu programs on the computer. This is useful in providing a</span>
<span class="Comment">// seamless experience to help understand arbitrary mu programs.</span>
typedef size_t type_number<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Globals")</span>
map<string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type_number> Type_number<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
map<type_number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type_info> Type<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
type_number Next_type_number = <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void setup_types<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
Type<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span> Type_number<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
Type_number[<span class="Constant">"literal"</span>] = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Next_type_number = <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// Mu Types Initialization</span>
type_number number = Type_number[<span class="Constant">"number"</span>] = Next_type_number++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type_number[<span class="Constant">"location"</span>] = Type_number[<span class="Constant">"number"</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// wildcard type: either a pointer or a scalar</span>
Type[number]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = <span class="Constant">"number"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
type_number address = Type_number[<span class="Constant">"address"</span>] = Next_type_number++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[address]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = <span class="Constant">"address"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
type_number boolean = Type_number[<span class="Constant">"boolean"</span>] = Next_type_number++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[boolean]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = <span class="Constant">"boolean"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
type_number character = Type_number[<span class="Constant">"character"</span>] = Next_type_number++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[character]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = <span class="Constant">"character"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// Array types are a special modifier to any other type. For example,</span>
<span class="Comment">// array:number or array:address:boolean.</span>
type_number array = Type_number[<span class="Constant">"array"</span>] = Next_type_number++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[array]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = <span class="Constant">"array"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// End Mu Types Initialization</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End One-time Setup")</span>
setup_types<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Types")</span>
<span class="Comment">// You can construct arbitrary new types. New types are either 'containers'</span>
<span class="Comment">// with multiple 'elements' of other types, or 'exclusive containers' containing</span>
<span class="Comment">// one of multiple 'variants'. (These are similar to C structs and unions,</span>
<span class="Comment">// respectively, though exclusive containers implicitly include a tag element</span>
<span class="Comment">// recording which variant they should be interpreted as.)</span>
<span class="Comment">//</span>
<span class="Comment">// For example, storing bank balance and name for an account might require a</span>
<span class="Comment">// container, but if bank accounts may be either for individuals or groups,</span>
<span class="Comment">// with different properties for each, that may require an exclusive container</span>
<span class="Comment">// whose variants are individual-account and joint-account containers.</span>
enum kind_of_type <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
primitive<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
container<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
exclusive_container
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>
struct type_info <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
string name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
kind_of_type kind<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
size_t size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// only if type is not primitive; primitives and addresses have size 1 (except arrays are dynamic)</span>
vector<vector<type_number> > elements<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
vector<string> element_names<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// End type_info Fields</span>
type_info<span class="Delimiter">()</span> :kind<span class="Delimiter">(</span>primitive<span class="Delimiter">),</span> size<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>
enum primitive_recipes <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
IDLE = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span>
COPY<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Comment">// End Primitive Recipe Declarations</span>
MAX_PRIMITIVE_RECIPES<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
<span class="Comment">//: It's all very well to construct recipes out of other recipes, but we need</span>
<span class="Comment">//: to know how to do *something* out of the box. For the following</span>
<span class="Comment">//: recipes there are only codes, no entries in the book, because mu just knows</span>
<span class="Comment">//: what to do for them.</span>
void setup_recipes<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
Recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span> Recipe_number<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
Recipe_number[<span class="Constant">"idle"</span>] = IDLE<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// Primitive Recipe Numbers</span>
Recipe_number[<span class="Constant">"copy"</span>] = COPY<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// End Primitive Recipe Numbers</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment">//: We could just reset the recipe table after every test, but that gets slow</span>
<span class="Comment">//: all too quickly. Instead, initialize the common stuff just once at</span>
<span class="Comment">//: startup. Later layers will carefully undo each test's additions after</span>
<span class="Comment">//: itself.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End One-time Setup")</span>
setup_recipes<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>MAX_PRIMITIVE_RECIPES < <span class="Constant">100</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// level 0 is primitives; until 99</span>
Next_recipe_number = <span class="Constant">100</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// End Load Recipes</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Test Run Initialization")</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Next_recipe_number < <span class="Constant">1000</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// functions being tested didn't overflow into test space</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Setup")</span>
Next_recipe_number = <span class="Constant">1000</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// consistent new numbers for each test</span>
^L
<span class="SalientComment">//:: Helpers</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
instruction::instruction<span class="Delimiter">()</span> :is_label<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">),</span> operation<span class="Delimiter">(</span>IDLE<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{}</span>
void instruction::clear<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> is_label=<span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> label<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span> operation=IDLE<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span> products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment">// Reagents have the form <name>:<type>:<type>:.../<property>/<property>/...</span>
reagent::reagent<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string s<span class="Delimiter">)</span> :value<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">),</span> initialized<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
istringstream in<span class="Delimiter">(</span>s<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
in >> std::noskipws<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// properties</span>
while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>eof<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
istringstream row<span class="Delimiter">(</span>slurp_until<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">'/'</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
row >> std::noskipws<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
string name = slurp_until<span class="Delimiter">(</span>row<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">':'</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
vector<string> values<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!row<span class="Delimiter">.</span>eof<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
values<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>slurp_until<span class="Delimiter">(</span>row<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">':'</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>pair<string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector<string> ><span class="Delimiter">(</span>name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> values<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment">// structures for the first row of properties</span>
name = properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>first<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>index_t i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_number[properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>name == <span class="Constant">"_"</span> && types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"dummy"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
reagent::reagent<span class="Delimiter">()</span> :value<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">),</span> initialized<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment">// The first property is special, so ensure we always have it.</span>
<span class="Comment">// Other properties can be pushed back, but the first must always be</span>
<span class="Comment">// assigned to.</span>
properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>pair<string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector<string> ><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">""</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector<string><span class="Delimiter">()));</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
string reagent::to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> const <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
ostringstream out<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
out << <span class="Constant">"{name: </span><span class="cSpecial">\"</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << name << <span class="Constant">"</span><span class="cSpecial">\"</span><span class="Constant">, value: "</span> << value << <span class="Constant">", type: "</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>index_t i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
out << types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>i < types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">()</span>-<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> out << <span class="Constant">"-"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
out << <span class="Constant">", properties: ["</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>index_t i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
out << <span class="Constant">"</span><span class="cSpecial">\"</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>first << <span class="Constant">"</span><span class="cSpecial">\"</span><span class="Constant">: "</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>index_t j = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> j < properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++j<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
out << <span class="Constant">"</span><span class="cSpecial">\"</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>j<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"</span><span class="cSpecial">\"</span><span class="Constant">"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>j < properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">()</span>-<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> out << <span class="Constant">":"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>i < properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">()</span>-<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> out << <span class="Constant">", "</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
else out << <span class="Constant">"]"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
out << <span class="Constant">"}"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Identifier">return</span> out<span class="Delimiter">.</span>str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
string instruction::to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> const <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_label<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> label<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
ostringstream out<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>index_t i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>i > <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> out << <span class="Constant">", "</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
out << products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> out << <span class="Constant">" <- "</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
out << name << <span class="Constant">'/'</span> << operation << <span class="Constant">' '</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>index_t i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>i > <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> out << <span class="Constant">", "</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
out << ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Identifier">return</span> out<span class="Delimiter">.</span>str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
string slurp_until<span class="Delimiter">(</span>istream& in<span class="Delimiter">,</span> char delim<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
ostringstream out<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
char c<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>in >> c<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>c == delim<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment">// drop the delim</span>
<span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
out << c<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Identifier">return</span> out<span class="Delimiter">.</span>str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
void dump_memory<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>map<index_t<span class="Delimiter">,</span> double>::iterator p = Memory<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != Memory<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
cout << p<span class="Delimiter">-></span>first << <span class="Constant">": "</span> << p<span class="Delimiter">-></span>second << <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Includes")</span>
<span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant"><map></span>
using std::map<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
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