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<span class="Comment">//: Containers contain a fixed number of elements of different types.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Mu Types Initialization")</span>
<span class="Comment">//: We'll use this container as a running example, with two integer elements.</span>
type_number point = Type_number[<span class="Constant">"point"</span>] = Next_type_number++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[point]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size = <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[point]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>kind = container<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[point]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = <span class="Constant">"point"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
vector<type_number> i<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
i<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>integer<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
Type[point]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
Type[point]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_multiple_locations)</span>
<span class="Comment"># Containers can be copied around with a single instruction just like integers,</span>
<span class="Comment"># no matter how large they are.</span>
recipe main [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">2</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">3</span>:point<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:point
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: ingredient 0 is 1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: location 1 is 34</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: location 2 is 35</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 3</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 35 in location 4</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Mu Types Initialization")</span>
<span class="Comment">// A more complex container, containing another container as one of its</span>
<span class="Comment">// elements.</span>
type_number point_integer = Type_number[<span class="Constant">"point-integer"</span>] = Next_type_number++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[point_integer]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size = <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[point_integer]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>kind = container<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Type[point_integer]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = <span class="Constant">"point-integer"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
vector<type_number> p2<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
p2<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>point<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
Type[point_integer]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>p2<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
vector<type_number> i2<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
i2<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>integer<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
Type[point_integer]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i2<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_handles_nested_container_elements)</span>
recipe main [
<span class="Constant">12</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">13</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">14</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">36</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">15</span>:point-integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">12</span>:point-integer
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 36 in location 17</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End size_of(types) Cases")</span>
type_info t = Type[types[<span class="Constant">0</span>]]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>t<span class="Delimiter">.</span>kind == container<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment">// size of a container is the sum of the sizes of its elements</span>
size_t result = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>index_t i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < t<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
result += size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>t<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements[i]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="SalientComment">//:: To access elements of a container, use 'get'</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario get)</span>
recipe main [
<span class="Constant">12</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">13</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">15</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>get <span class="Constant">12</span>:point<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: instruction main/2</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: ingredient 0 is 12</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: ingredient 1 is 1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: address to copy is 13</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: its type is 1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: location 13 is 35</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: product 0 is 35</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 35 in location 15</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")</span>
GET<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")</span>
Recipe_number[<span class="Constant">"get"</span>] = GET<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")</span>
case GET: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"ingredient 0 is "</span> << current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
reagent base = current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
index_t base_address = base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
type_number base_type = base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type[base_type]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>kind == container<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"ingredient 1 is "</span> << current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">1</span>]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>isa_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">1</span>]<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
index_t offset = current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">1</span>]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
index_t src = base_address<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>index_t i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < offset<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
src += size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type[base_type]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements[i]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"address to copy is "</span> << src<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type[base_type]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>kind == container<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type[base_type]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements<span class="Delimiter">.</span>size<span class="Delimiter">()</span> > offset<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
type_number src_type = Type[base_type]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements[offset][<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"its type is "</span> << src_type<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
reagent tmp<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>src<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>src_type<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
vector<long long int> result<span class="Delimiter">(</span>read_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"product 0 is "</span> << result[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
write_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">,</span> result<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'get' requires a literal in ingredient 1. We'll use a synonym called</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'offset'.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Mu Types Initialization")</span>
Type_number[<span class="Constant">"offset"</span>] = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario get_handles_nested_container_elements)</span>
recipe main [
<span class="Constant">12</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">13</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">14</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">36</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">15</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>get <span class="Constant">12</span>:point-integer<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: instruction main/2</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: ingredient 0 is 12</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: ingredient 1 is 1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: address to copy is 14</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: its type is 1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: location 14 is 36</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: product 0 is 36</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 36 in location 15</span>
<span class="SalientComment">//:: To write to elements of containers, you need their address.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario get_address)</span>
recipe main [
<span class="Constant">12</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">13</span>:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>:literal
<span class="Constant">15</span>:address:integer<span class="Special"> <- </span>get-address <span class="Constant">12</span>:point<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: instruction main/2</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: ingredient 0 is 12</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: ingredient 1 is 1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: address to copy is 13</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 13 in location 15</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")</span>
GET_ADDRESS<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")</span>
Recipe_number[<span class="Constant">"get-address"</span>] = GET_ADDRESS<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")</span>
case GET_ADDRESS: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"ingredient 0 is "</span> << current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
reagent base = current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
index_t base_address = base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
type_number base_type = base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type[base_type]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>kind == container<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"ingredient 1 is "</span> << current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">1</span>]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>isa_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">1</span>]<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
index_t offset = current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients[<span class="Constant">1</span>]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
index_t src = base_address<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>index_t i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < offset<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
src += size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type[base_type]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>elements[i]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"address to copy is "</span> << src<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
vector<long long int> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>src<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"product 0 is "</span> << result[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
write_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products[<span class="Constant">0</span>]<span class="Delimiter">,</span> result<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
</pre>
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