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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span class="Comment">//: Arrays contain a variable number of elements of the same type. Their value</span>
<span class="Comment">//: starts with the length of the array.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: You can create arrays of containers, but containers can only contain</span>
<span class="Comment">//: elements of a fixed size, so you can't create containers containing arrays.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Create containers containing addresses to arrays instead.</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Tests in this layer often explicitly setup memory before reading it as an</span>
<span class="Comment">//: array. Don't do this in general. I'm tagging exceptions with /raw to</span>
<span class="Comment">//: avoid warnings.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_array)</span>
<span class="Comment"># Arrays can be copied around with a single instruction just like numbers,</span>
<span class="Comment"># no matter how large they are.</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">3</span>:literal  <span class="Comment"># length</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">5</span>:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number/<span class="Special">raw</span>  <span class="Comment"># unsafe</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 3 in location 5</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 14 in location 6</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 15 in location 7</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 16 in location 8</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_array_indirect)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">3</span>:literal  <span class="Comment"># length</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">6</span>:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:array:number/deref
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 3 in location 6</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 14 in location 7</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 15 in location 8</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 16 in location 9</span>

<span class="Comment">//: disable the size mismatch check since the destination array need not be initialized</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;bool size_mismatch(const reagent&amp; x, const vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; data)&quot;)</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;array&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;long long int size_of(const reagent&amp; r)&quot;)</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;array&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt; <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Comment">// skip the 'array' type to get at the element type</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">1</span> + Memory[r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value]*size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>array_element<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: To access elements of an array, use 'index'</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario index)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">3</span>:literal  <span class="Comment"># length</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">5</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number/<span class="Special">raw</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:literal  <span class="Comment"># unsafe</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 14 in location 5</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario index_direct_offset)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">3</span>:literal  <span class="Comment"># length</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">5</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">6</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number/<span class="Special">raw</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">5</span>:number  <span class="Comment"># unsafe</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 14 in location 6</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
INDEX<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;index&quot;</span>] = INDEX<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case INDEX: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   if (Trace_stream) Trace_stream-&gt;dump_layer = &quot;run&quot;; //? 1</span>
  reagent base = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   trace(Primitive_recipe_depth, &quot;run&quot;) &lt;&lt; &quot;ingredient 0 after canonize: &quot; &lt;&lt; base.to_string(); //? 1</span>
  long long int base_address = base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;array&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  reagent offset = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   trace(Primitive_recipe_depth, &quot;run&quot;) &lt;&lt; &quot;ingredient 1 after canonize: &quot; &lt;&lt; offset.to_string(); //? 1</span>
  vector&lt;double&gt; offset_val<span class="Delimiter">(</span>read_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  vector&lt;type_ordinal&gt; element_type = array_element<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   trace(Primitive_recipe_depth, &quot;run&quot;) &lt;&lt; &quot;offset: &quot; &lt;&lt; offset_val.at(0); //? 1</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   trace(Primitive_recipe_depth, &quot;run&quot;) &lt;&lt; &quot;size of elements: &quot; &lt;&lt; size_of(element_type); //? 1</span>
  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset_val<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt;= <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset_val<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt; Memory[base_address]*size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>element_type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> + <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  long long int src = base_address + <span class="Constant">1</span> + offset_val<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>*size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>element_type<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;run&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;address to copy is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; src<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;run&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;its type is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; Type[element_type<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  reagent tmp<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>src<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  copy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>element_type<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> element_type<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> inserter<span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">,</span> tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">()));</span>
  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>read_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
vector&lt;type_ordinal&gt; array_element<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const vector&lt;type_ordinal&gt;&amp; types<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> vector&lt;type_ordinal&gt;<span class="Delimiter">(</span>++types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario index_address)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">3</span>:literal  <span class="Comment"># length</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">5</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index-address <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number/<span class="Special">raw</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:literal  <span class="Comment"># unsafe</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 5</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: To write to elements of containers, you need their address.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario index_indirect)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">3</span>:literal  <span class="Comment"># length</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">6</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:array:number/deref<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>:literal
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 15 in location 6</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
INDEX_ADDRESS<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;index-address&quot;</span>] = INDEX_ADDRESS<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case INDEX_ADDRESS: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  reagent base = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  long long int base_address = base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;array&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  reagent offset = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  vector&lt;double&gt; offset_val<span class="Delimiter">(</span>read_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  vector&lt;type_ordinal&gt; element_type = array_element<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset_val<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt;= <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset_val<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt; Memory[base_address]*size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>element_type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> + <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  long long int result = base_address + <span class="Constant">1</span> + offset_val<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>*size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>element_type<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>result<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: compute the length of an array</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario array_length)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">3</span>:literal  <span class="Comment"># length</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>:literal
  <span class="Constant">5</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>length <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number/<span class="Special">raw</span>  <span class="Comment"># unsafe</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 3 in location 5</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
LENGTH<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;length&quot;</span>] = LENGTH<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case LENGTH: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  reagent x = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> != Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;array&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;tried to calculate length of non-array &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory[x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
</pre>
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