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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span class="Comment">//: Go from an address to the payload it points at (skipping the refcount)</span>
<span class="Comment">//: using /lookup.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Let's say we have this address (read the top of the address layer for</span>
<span class="Comment">//: details on these diagrams):</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//:                     +---+------------+</span>
<span class="Comment">//:          x -------&gt; | 1 |  number    |</span>
<span class="Comment">//:                     +---+------------+</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Once you have an address you can read or modify its payload by performing</span>
<span class="Comment">//: a lookup:</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//:     x/lookup &lt;- copy 34</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: or more concisely:</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//:     *x &lt;- copy 34</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: This modifies not x, but the payload x points to:</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//:                     +---+------------+</span>
<span class="Comment">//:          x -------&gt; | 1 |         34 |</span>
<span class="Comment">//:                     +---+------------+</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: You can also read from the payload in instructions like this:</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//:     z:number &lt;- add *x, 1</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: After this instruction runs the value of z will be 35.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: The tests in this layer use unsafe operations so as to stay decoupled from</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'new'.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Comment"># This loads location 1 as an address and looks up *that* location.</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup
]
<span class="Comment"># 1 contains 10. Skip refcount and lookup location 11.</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Preprocess read_memory(x)&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Comment">//: similarly, write to addresses pointing at other locations using the</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'lookup' property</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario store_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 11</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Preprocess write_memory(x, data)&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't write to location 0 in '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_original_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">())</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">//: writes to address 0 always loudly fail</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario store_to_0_fails)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 34 in location 0</span>
<span class="traceContains">+error: can't write to location 0 in '1:address:number/lookup &lt;- copy 34'</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
<span class="Normal">void</span> canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End canonize(x) Special-cases</span>
  <span class="Normal">while</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span>
    lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Normal">void</span> lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type || x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value != get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">())</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;tried to /lookup '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' but it isn't an address</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Comment">// compute value</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">())</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;tried to /lookup 0</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  lookup_memory_core<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Normal">void</span> lookup_memory_core<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;location &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; no_scientific<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  drop_from_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;skipping refcount at &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value+<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// skip refcount</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  drop_one_lookup<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Normal">void</span> test_lookup_address_skips_refcount<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  reagent x<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;*x:address:number&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// unsafe</span>
  put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1000</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;mem: skipping refcount at 1000&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  CHECK_EQ<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1001</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Normal">void</span> test_lookup_zero_address_does_not_skip_refcount<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  reagent x<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;*x:address:number&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// unsafe</span>
  put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  CHECK_TRACE_DOESNT_CONTAIN<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;mem: skipping refcount at 0&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  CHECK_EQ<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Preprocess types_strictly_match(reagent to, reagent from)&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>from<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Preprocess is_mu_array(reagent r)&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Preprocess is_mu_address(reagent r)&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Preprocess is_mu_number(reagent r)&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Preprocess is_mu_boolean(reagent r)&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Update product While Type-checking Merge&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Compute Call Ingredient&quot;)</span>
canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Preprocess NEXT_INGREDIENT product&quot;)</span>
canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Check RETURN Copy(lhs, rhs)</span>
canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>lhs<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>rhs<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Compute Container Size(reagent rcopy)&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>rcopy<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Compute Container Size(element)&quot;)</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>element<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
<span class="Normal">bool</span> canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">while</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type || r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value != get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't lookup non-address: '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;': '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
      <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    drop_from_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    drop_one_lookup<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Normal">void</span> drop_one_lookup<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>vector&lt;pair&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> string_tree*&gt; &gt;::iterator p = r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>first == <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>erase<span class="Delimiter">(</span>p<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
      <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Tedious fixup to support addresses in container/array instructions of previous layers.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Most instructions don't require fixup if they use the 'ingredients' and</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'products' variables in run_current_routine().</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario get_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario get_indirect2)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">20</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 21</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario include_nonlookup_properties)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup/foo<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Update GET base in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Update GET product in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Update GET base in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario put_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">36</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 36 in location 11</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Update PUT base in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Update PUT offset in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Update PUT base in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario new_error)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
]
<span class="traceContains">+error: main: product of 'new' has incorrect type: '1:number/raw &lt;- new number:type'</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Update NEW product in Check&quot;)</span>
canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_array_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>create-array
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>
  <span class="Constant">13</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>
  <span class="Constant">14</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 3 in location 2</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 14 in location 3</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 15 in location 4</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 16 in location 5</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update CREATE_ARRAY product in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Comment">// 'create-array' does not support indirection. Static arrays are meant to be</span>
<span class="Comment">// allocated on the 'stack'.</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update CREATE_ARRAY product in Run&quot;)</span>
<span class="Comment">// 'create-array' does not support indirection. Static arrays are meant to be</span>
<span class="Comment">// allocated on the 'stack'.</span>
assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario index_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>create-array
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>
  <span class="Constant">13</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>
  <span class="Constant">14</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 15 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update INDEX base in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update INDEX index in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>index<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update INDEX product in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update INDEX base in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update INDEX index in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>index<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario put_index_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>create-array
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>
  <span class="Constant">13</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>
  <span class="Constant">14</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put-index <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 13</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario put_index_indirect_2)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>create-array
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>
  <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put-index <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 3</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario dilated_reagent_in_static_array)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Delimiter">{</span><span class="Constant">1</span>: <span class="Delimiter">(</span>array <span class="Delimiter">(</span>address number<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Delimiter">)}</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>create-array
  <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
  <span class="Delimiter">{</span><span class="Constant">1</span>: <span class="Delimiter">(</span>array <span class="Delimiter">(</span>address number<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Delimiter">)}</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put-index <span class="Delimiter">{</span><span class="Constant">1</span>: <span class="Delimiter">(</span>array <span class="Delimiter">(</span>address number<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Delimiter">)},</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:number
  *<span class="Constant">5</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">6</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy *<span class="Constant">5</span>:address:number
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: creating array of size 4</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 6</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update PUT_INDEX base in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update PUT_INDEX index in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>index<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update PUT_INDEX value in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update PUT_INDEX base in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update PUT_INDEX index in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>index<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario length_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>create-array
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span>
  <span class="Constant">13</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span>
  <span class="Constant">14</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>length <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 3 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update LENGTH array in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>array<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update LENGTH array in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>array<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario maybe_convert_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>merge <span class="Constant">0</span>/number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>maybe-convert <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> i:variant
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 1 in location 3</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario maybe_convert_indirect_2)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>merge <span class="Constant">0</span>/number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">20</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>maybe-convert <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> i:variant
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 1 in location 3</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 21</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario maybe_convert_indirect_3)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>merge <span class="Constant">0</span>/number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:boolean<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">20</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:boolean/lookup<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>maybe-convert <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> i:variant
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 1 in location 21</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 3</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update MAYBE_CONVERT base in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update MAYBE_CONVERT product in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update MAYBE_CONVERT status in Check&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>status<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update MAYBE_CONVERT base in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update MAYBE_CONVERT product in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update MAYBE_CONVERT status in Run&quot;)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>status<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario merge_exclusive_container_indirect)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point/lookup<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>merge <span class="Constant">0</span>/number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="Comment"># skip 10 for refcount</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 0 in location 11</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 12</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Update size_mismatch Check for MERGE(x)</span>
canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Comment">//: abbreviation for '/lookup': a prefix '*'</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario lookup_abbreviation)</span>
def main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe
  <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span>
  <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number
]
<span class="traceContains">+parse: ingredient: {1: (&quot;address&quot; &quot;number&quot;), &quot;lookup&quot;: ()}</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 3</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Parsing reagent&quot;)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">while</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">'*'</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>erase<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>pair&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> string_tree*&gt;<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;illegal name '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: helpers for debugging</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
_DUMP<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;$dump&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> _DUMP<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">case</span> _DUMP: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  reagent<span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">copy</span><span class="Comment">*/</span> after_canonize = current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>after_canonize<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  cerr &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">())</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">' '</span> &lt;&lt; no_scientific<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; =&gt; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; no_scientific<span class="Delimiter">(</span>after_canonize<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; =&gt; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; no_scientific<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> after_canonize<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">//: grab an address, and then dump its value at intervals</span>
<span class="Comment">//: useful for tracking down memory corruption (writing to an out-of-bounds address)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Globals&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">int</span> Bar = -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
_BAR<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;$bar&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> _BAR<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">case</span> _BAR: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Bar != -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> cerr &lt;&lt; Bar &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; no_scientific<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> Bar<span class="Delimiter">))</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Normal">else</span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Normal">else</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    reagent<span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">copy</span><span class="Comment">*/</span> tmp = current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    Bar = tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
</pre>
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