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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span class="Comment"># Mu synchronizes using channels rather than locks, like Erlang and Go.</span>
<span class="Comment">#</span>
<span class="Comment"># The two ends of a channel will usually belong to different routines, but</span>
<span class="Comment"># each end should only be used by a single one. Don't try to read from or</span>
<span class="Comment"># write to it from multiple routines at once.</span>
<span class="Comment">#</span>
<span class="Comment"># The key property of channels is that writing to a full channel or reading</span>
<span class="Comment"># from an empty one will put the current routine in 'waiting' state until the</span>
<span class="Comment"># operation can be completed.</span>
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> channel [
run [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">3/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">34</span>
<span class="Constant">2</span>:number, <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>read <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
]
memory-should-contain [
<span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">34</span>
]
]
container channel [
<span class="Comment"># To avoid locking, writer and reader will never write to the same location.</span>
<span class="Comment"># So channels will include fields in pairs, one for the writer and one for the</span>
<span class="Comment"># reader.</span>
first-full:number <span class="Comment"># for write</span>
first-free:number <span class="Comment"># for read</span>
<span class="Comment"># A circular buffer contains values from index first-full up to (but not</span>
<span class="Comment"># including) index first-empty. The reader always modifies it at first-full,</span>
<span class="Comment"># while the writer always modifies it at first-empty.</span>
data:address:array:location
]
<span class="Comment"># result:address:channel <- new-channel capacity:number</span>
<span class="muRecipe">recipe</span> new-channel [
<span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
<span class="Comment"># result = new channel</span>
result:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new <span class="Constant">channel:type</span>
<span class="Comment"># result.first-full = 0</span>
full:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get-address *result, <span class="Constant">first-full:offset</span>
*full<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
<span class="Comment"># result.first-free = 0</span>
free:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get-address *result, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
*free<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
<span class="Comment"># result.data = new location[ingredient+1]</span>
capacity:number<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
capacity<span class="Special"> <- </span>add capacity, <span class="Constant">1</span> <span class="Comment"># unused slot for 'full?' below</span>
dest:address:address:array:location<span class="Special"> <- </span>get-address *result, <span class="Constant">data:offset</span>
*dest<span class="Special"> <- </span>new <span class="Constant">location:type</span>, capacity
<span class="muControl">reply</span> result
]
<span class="Comment"># chan:address:channel <- write chan:address:channel, val:location</span>
<span class="muRecipe">recipe</span> write [
<span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
chan:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
val:location<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment"># block if chan is full</span>
full:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-full? chan
<span class="muControl">break-unless</span> full
full-address:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get-address *chan, <span class="Constant">first-full:offset</span>
wait-for-location *full-address
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment"># store val</span>
circular-buffer:address:array:location<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *chan, <span class="Constant">data:offset</span>
free:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get-address *chan, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
dest:address:location<span class="Special"> <- </span>index-address *circular-buffer, *free
*dest<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy val
<span class="Comment"># mark its slot as filled</span>
*free<span class="Special"> <- </span>add *free, <span class="Constant">1</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment"># wrap free around to 0 if necessary</span>
len:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>length *circular-buffer
at-end?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>greater-or-equal *free, len
<span class="muControl">break-unless</span> at-end?
*free<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="muControl">reply</span> chan/same-as-ingredient:<span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="Comment"># result:location, chan:address:channel <- read chan:address:channel</span>
<span class="muRecipe">recipe</span> read [
<span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
chan:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment"># block if chan is empty</span>
empty?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? chan
<span class="muControl">break-unless</span> empty?
free-address:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get-address *chan, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
wait-for-location *free-address
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment"># read result</span>
full:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get-address *chan, <span class="Constant">first-full:offset</span>
circular-buffer:address:array:location<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *chan, <span class="Constant">data:offset</span>
result:location<span class="Special"> <- </span>index *circular-buffer, *full
<span class="Comment"># mark its slot as empty</span>
*full<span class="Special"> <- </span>add *full, <span class="Constant">1</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment"># wrap full around to 0 if necessary</span>
len:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>length *circular-buffer
at-end?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>greater-or-equal *full, len
<span class="muControl">break-unless</span> at-end?
*full<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="muControl">reply</span> result, chan/same-as-ingredient:<span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="muRecipe">recipe</span> clear-channel [
<span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
chan:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
empty?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? chan
<span class="muControl">break-if</span> empty?
_, chan<span class="Special"> <- </span>read chan
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="muControl">reply</span> chan/same-as-ingredient:<span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> channel-initialization [
run [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">3/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-full:offset</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
]
memory-should-contain [
<span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># first-full</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># first-free</span>
]
]
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> channel-write-increments-free [
run [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">3/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">34</span>
<span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-full:offset</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
]
memory-should-contain [
<span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># first-full</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">1</span> <span class="Comment"># first-free</span>
]
]
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> channel-read-increments-full [
run [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">3/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">34</span>
_, <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>read <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
<span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-full:offset</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
]
memory-should-contain [
<span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">1</span> <span class="Comment"># first-full</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">1</span> <span class="Comment"># first-free</span>
]
]
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> channel-wrap [
run [
<span class="Comment"># channel with just 1 slot</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">1/capacity</span>
<span class="Comment"># write and read a value</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">34</span>
_, <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>read <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
<span class="Comment"># first-free will now be 1</span>
<span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
<span class="Comment"># write second value, verify that first-free wraps</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">34</span>
<span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
<span class="Comment"># read second value, verify that first-full wraps</span>
_, <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>read <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
<span class="Constant">5</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">first-full:offset</span>
]
memory-should-contain [
<span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">1</span> <span class="Comment"># first-free after first write</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">1</span> <span class="Comment"># first-full after first read</span>
<span class="Constant">4</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># first-free after second write, wrapped</span>
<span class="Constant">5</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># first-full after second read, wrapped</span>
]
]
<span class="SalientComment">## helpers</span>
<span class="Comment"># An empty channel has first-empty and first-full both at the same value.</span>
<span class="muRecipe">recipe</span> channel-empty? [
<span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
chan:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
<span class="Comment"># return chan.first-full == chan.first-free</span>
full:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *chan, <span class="Constant">first-full:offset</span>
free:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *chan, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
result:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>equal full, free
<span class="muControl">reply</span> result
]
<span class="Comment"># A full channel has first-empty just before first-full, wasting one slot.</span>
<span class="Comment"># (Other alternatives: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer#Full_.2F_Empty_Buffer_Distinction)">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer#Full_.2F_Empty_Buffer_Distinction)</a></span>
<span class="muRecipe">recipe</span> channel-full? [
<span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
chan:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
<span class="Comment"># tmp = chan.first-free + 1</span>
tmp:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *chan, <span class="Constant">first-free:offset</span>
tmp<span class="Special"> <- </span>add tmp, <span class="Constant">1</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment"># if tmp == chan.capacity, tmp = 0</span>
len:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-capacity chan
at-end?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>greater-or-equal tmp, len
<span class="muControl">break-unless</span> at-end?
tmp<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment"># return chan.first-full == tmp</span>
full:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *chan, <span class="Constant">first-full:offset</span>
result:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>equal full, tmp
<span class="muControl">reply</span> result
]
<span class="Comment"># result:number <- channel-capacity chan:address:channel</span>
<span class="muRecipe">recipe</span> channel-capacity [
<span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
chan:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
q:address:array:location<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *chan, <span class="Constant">data:offset</span>
result:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>length *q
<span class="muControl">reply</span> result
]
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> channel-new-empty-not-full [
run [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">3/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">2</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
<span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-full? <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
]
memory-should-contain [
<span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">1</span> <span class="Comment"># empty?</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># full?</span>
]
]
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> channel-write-not-empty [
run [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">3/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">34</span>
<span class="Constant">2</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
<span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-full? <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
]
memory-should-contain [
<span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># empty?</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># full?</span>
]
]
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> channel-write-full [
run [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">1/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">34</span>
<span class="Constant">2</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
<span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-full? <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
]
memory-should-contain [
<span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># empty?</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">1</span> <span class="Comment"># full?</span>
]
]
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> channel-read-not-full [
run [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">1/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">34</span>
_, <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>read <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
<span class="Constant">2</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
<span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-full? <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel
]
memory-should-contain [
<span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">1</span> <span class="Comment"># empty?</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">0</span> <span class="Comment"># full?</span>
]
]
<span class="Comment"># helper for channels of characters in particular</span>
<span class="Comment"># out:address:channel <- buffer-lines in:address:channel, out:address:channel</span>
<span class="muRecipe">recipe</span> buffer-lines [
<span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
in:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
out:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Constant">next-ingredient</span>
<span class="Comment"># repeat forever</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
line:address:buffer<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-buffer, <span class="Constant">30</span>
<span class="Comment"># read characters from 'in' until newline, copy into line</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Constant"> +next-character</span>
c:character, in<span class="Special"> <- </span>read in
<span class="Comment"># drop a character on backspace</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment"># special-case: if it's a backspace</span>
backspace?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>equal c, <span class="Constant">8</span>
<span class="muControl">break-unless</span> backspace?
<span class="Comment"># drop previous character</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
buffer-length:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get-address *line, <span class="Constant">length:offset</span>
buffer-empty?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>equal *buffer-length, <span class="Constant">0</span>
<span class="muControl">break-if</span> buffer-empty?
*buffer-length<span class="Special"> <- </span>subtract *buffer-length, <span class="Constant">1</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment"># and don't append this one</span>
<span class="muControl">loop</span> <span class="Constant">+next-character:label</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment"># append anything else</span>
line<span class="Special"> <- </span>buffer-append line, c
line-done?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>equal c, <span class="Constant">10/newline</span>
<span class="muControl">break-if</span> line-done?
<span class="Comment"># stop buffering on eof (currently only generated by fake console)</span>
eof?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>equal c, <span class="Constant">0/eof</span>
<span class="muControl">break-if</span> eof?
<span class="muControl">loop</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment"># copy line into 'out'</span>
i:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
line-contents:address:array:character<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *line, <span class="Constant">data:offset</span>
max:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get *line, <span class="Constant">length:offset</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
done?:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>greater-or-equal i, max
<span class="muControl">break-if</span> done?
c:character<span class="Special"> <- </span>index *line-contents, i
out<span class="Special"> <- </span>write out, c
i<span class="Special"> <- </span>add i, <span class="Constant">1</span>
<span class="muControl">loop</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="muControl">loop</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="muControl">reply</span> out/same-as-ingredient:<span class="Constant">1</span>
]
<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> buffer-lines-blocks-until-newline [
run [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel/stdin<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">10/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">2</span>:address:channel/buffered-stdin<span class="Special"> <- </span>new-channel <span class="Constant">10/capacity</span>
<span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:channel/buffered-stdin
assert <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean, [
F buffer-lines-blocks-until-newline: channel should be empty <span class="muRecipe">after</span> init]
<span class="Comment"># buffer stdin into buffered-stdin, try to read from buffered-stdin</span>
<span class="Constant">4</span>:number/buffer-routine<span class="Special"> <- </span>start-running <span class="Constant">buffer-lines:recipe</span>, <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel/stdin, <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:channel/buffered-stdin
wait-for-routine <span class="Constant">4</span>:number/buffer-routine
<span class="Constant">5</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:channel/buffered-stdin
assert <span class="Constant">5</span>:boolean, [
F buffer-lines-blocks-until-newline: channel should be empty <span class="muRecipe">after</span> buffer-lines bring-up]
<span class="Comment"># write 'a'</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">97/a</span>
restart <span class="Constant">4</span>:number/buffer-routine
wait-for-routine <span class="Constant">4</span>:number/buffer-routine
<span class="Constant">6</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:channel/buffered-stdin
assert <span class="Constant">6</span>:boolean, [
F buffer-lines-blocks-until-newline: channel should be empty <span class="muRecipe">after</span> writing 'a']
<span class="Comment"># write 'b'</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">98/b</span>
restart <span class="Constant">4</span>:number/buffer-routine
wait-for-routine <span class="Constant">4</span>:number/buffer-routine
<span class="Constant">7</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:channel/buffered-stdin
assert <span class="Constant">7</span>:boolean, [
F buffer-lines-blocks-until-newline: channel should be empty <span class="muRecipe">after</span> writing 'b']
<span class="Comment"># write newline</span>
<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel<span class="Special"> <- </span>write <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:channel, <span class="Constant">10/newline</span>
restart <span class="Constant">4</span>:number/buffer-routine
wait-for-routine <span class="Constant">4</span>:number/buffer-routine
<span class="Constant">8</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>channel-empty? <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:channel/buffered-stdin
<span class="Constant">9</span>:boolean/completed?<span class="Special"> <- </span>not <span class="Constant">8</span>:boolean
assert <span class="Constant">9</span>:boolean/completed?, [
F buffer-lines-blocks-until-newline: channel should contain data <span class="muRecipe">after</span> writing newline]
trace <span class="Constant">[test]</span>, <span class="Constant">[reached end]</span>
]
trace-should-contain [
test: reached end
]
]
</pre>
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