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(
  (globals . (
    (mac . [define mac
  (litmac litfn () ((m . params) . body)
    `(define ,m
       (litmac litfn () ,params ,@body)))])
    (def . [mac (def (name . params) . body)
  `(define ,name (fn ,params ,@body))])
    (do . [mac (do . body)
  `((fn () ,@body))])
    (let . [mac (let var val . body)
  `((fn (,var) ,@body) ,val)])
    (when . [mac (when cond . body)
  `(if ,cond (do ,@body) ())])
    (iflet . [mac (iflet var expr then else)
  `(let ,var ,expr
     (if ,var ,then ,else))])
    (aif . [mac (aif expr then else)
  `(iflet it ,expr ,then ,else)])
    (forever . [mac (forever . body)
  `(while 1 ,@body)])
    (list . [def (list . args)
  # we should probably make a copy here
  args])
    (ret . [mac (ret var val . body)
  `(let ,var ,val ,@body ,var)])
    (nth . [def (nth n xs)
  if (n < 1)
    (car xs)
    (nth n-1 (cdr xs))])
    (map1 . [def (map1 f xs)
  if (no xs)
    ()
    (cons (f (car xs))
          (map1 f (cdr xs)))])
    (compose . [def (compose f g)
  (fn args
    (f (apply g args)))])
    (caar . [define caar (compose car car)])
    (cadr . [define cadr (compose car cdr)])
    (cddr . [define cddr (compose cdr cdr)])
    (cdar . [define cdar (compose cdr car)])
    (some . [def (some f xs)
  if (no xs)
    ()
    if (f (car xs))
      xs
      (some f (cdr xs))])
    (any . [define any some])
    (all . [def (all f xs)
  if (no xs)
    1
    if (f (car xs))
      (all f (cdr xs))
      ()])
    (find . [def (find x xs)
  if (no xs)
    ()
    if (x = (car xs))
      1
      (find x (cdr xs))])
    (pair . [def (pair xs)
  if (no xs)
    ()
    if (no (cdr xs))
      (list (list (car xs)))
      (cons (list (car xs) (cadr xs))
            (pair (cddr xs)))])
    (with . [mac (with bindings . body)
  `((fn ,(map1 car (pair bindings))
      ,@body)
    ,@(map1 cadr (pair bindings)))])
    (afn . [mac (afn params . body)
  `(let self ()
     (set self (fn ,params ,@body)))])
    (seq . [def (seq n)
  ((afn (i)
     (if (i > n)
       ()
       (cons i (self i+1))))
   1)])
    (each . [mac (each x xs . body)
  `(walk ,xs (fn (,x) ,@body))])
    (walk . [def (walk xs f)
  when xs
    (f (car xs))
    (walk (cdr xs) f)])
    (rem . [def (rem f xs)
  if (no xs)
    ()
    let rest (rem f (cdr xs))
      if (f (car xs))
        rest
        (cons (car xs) rest)])
    (keep . [def (keep f xs)
  if (no xs)
    ()
    let rest (keep f (cdr xs))
      if (f (car xs))
        (cons (car xs) rest)
        rest])
    (alist? . [def (alist? x)
  (and (cons? x)
       (cons? (car x)))])
    (assoc . [def (assoc alist key)
  if (no alist)
    ()
    if (key = (caar alist))
      (car alist)
      (assoc (cdr alist) key)])
    (get . [def (get alist key)
  aif (assoc alist key)
    (cdr it)
    ()])
    (++ . [mac (++ var) `(set ,var (,var + 1))])
    (+= . [mac (var += inc)
  `(set ,var (,var + ,inc))])
    (for . [mac (for var init test update . body)
  `(let ,var ,init
     (while ,test
       ,@body
       ,update))])
    (grid . [def (grid m n val)
  ret g (populate n ())
    for i 0 (< i n) ++i
      iset g i (populate m val)])
    (indexgrid . [def (indexgrid g x y)
  (index (index g y) x)])
    (isetgrid . [def (isetgrid g x y val)
  iset (index g y) x val])
    (hborder . [def (hborder scr y color)
  (hline scr y 0 (width scr) color)])
    (vborder . [def (vborder scr x color)
  (vline scr x 0 (height scr) color)])
    (read_line . [def (read_line keyboard)
  ret str (stream)
    let c (key keyboard)
      while (not (or (c = 0) (c = 10)))
        (write str c)
        (set c (key keyboard))])
    (wait . [def (wait keyboard)
  while (= 0 (key keyboard))
    ()])
    (sq . [def (sq n) (n * n)])
    (cube . [def (cube n) (n * n * n)])
    (fill_rect . [def (fill_rect screen x1 y1 x2 y2 color)
  for y y1 (y < y2) ++y
    (hline screen y x1 x2 color)])
    (ring . [def (ring screen cx cy r0 w clr)
  for r r0 (r < r0+w) ++r
    (circle screen cx cy r clr)])
    (Greys . [define Greys
  ret p (populate 16 ())
    for i 0 (< i 16) ++i
      iset p i i+16])
    (Pinks . [define Pinks (array
                84 85 59 60 61
                13 36 37 5 108)])
    (palette . [def (palette p i)
  (index p (i % (len p)))])
    (pat . [def (pat screen)
  with (w (width screen)
        h (height screen))
    for y 0 (y < h) ++y
      for x 0 (x < w) ++x
        (pixel screen x y (palette Greys x*y))])
    (main . [def (main screen keyboard)
  (life screen keyboard)])
    (liferes . [define liferes 8])
    (life . [def (life screen)
  with (w (/ (width screen) liferes)
        h (/ (height screen) liferes))
    with (g1 (grid w h 0)
          g2 (grid w h 0))
      isetgrid g1 w/2 h/2-1 1
      isetgrid g1 w/2+1 h/2-1 1
      isetgrid g1 w/2-1 h/2 1
      isetgrid g1 w/2 h/2 1
      isetgrid g1 w/2 h/2+1 1
      renderlife screen g1
      while 1
        steplife g1 g2 screen
        renderlife screen g2
        steplife g2 g1 screen
        renderlife screen g1])
    (steplife . [def (steplife old new screen)
  ++lifetime
  with (h (len old)
        w (len (index old 0)))
    for x 0 (< x w) ++x
      for y 0 (< y h) ++y
        fill_rect screen x*liferes y*liferes x+1*liferes y+1*liferes 0
        with (curr (indexgrid old x y)
              n (neighbors old x y w h)
             )
          isetgrid new x y (if (= n 2)
                             curr
                             (if (= n 3)
                               1
                               0))])
    (renderlife . [def (renderlife screen g)
  with (w (width screen)
        h (height screen))
    for y 0 (< y h) y+=liferes
      for x 0 (< x w) x+=liferes
        (fill_rect screen x y x+liferes y+liferes 
          (if (0 = (indexgrid g x/liferes y/liferes))
            3
#            (1 + lifetime%15)
            0))])
    (neighbors . [def (neighbors g x y w h)
  ret result 0
    when (y > 0)
      when (x > 0)
        result += (indexgrid g x-1 y-1)
      result += (indexgrid g x y-1)
      when (x < w-1)
        result += (indexgrid g x+1 y-1)
    when (x > 0)
      result += (indexgrid g x-1 y)
    when (x < w-1)
      result += (indexgrid g x+1 y)
    when (y < h-1)
      when (x > 0)
        result += (indexgrid g x-1 y+1)
      result += (indexgrid g x y+1)
      when (x < w-1)
        result += (indexgrid g x+1 y+1)])
    (lifetime . [define lifetime 0])
  ))
  (sandbox . [life screen])
)
.highlight .bp { color: #003388 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */ .highlight .fm { color: #0066bb; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function.Magic */ .highlight .vc { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Class */ .highlight .vg { color: #dd7700 } /* Name.Variable.Global */ .highlight .vi { color: #3333bb } /* Name.Variable.Instance */ .highlight .vm { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Magic */ .highlight .il { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
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<title>Mu - linux/mu-init.subx</title>
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<a href='https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/main/linux/mu-init.subx'>https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/main/linux/mu-init.subx</a>
<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span id="L1" class="LineNr"> 1 </span><span class="subxComment"># Initialize the minimal runtime for Mu programs.</span>
<span id="L2" class="LineNr"> 2 </span><span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L3" class="LineNr"> 3 </span><span class="subxComment"># See translate_mu for how this file is used.</span>
<span id="L4" class="LineNr"> 4 </span><span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L5" class="LineNr"> 5 </span><span class="subxComment"># Mu programs start at a function called 'main' with this signature:</span>
<span id="L6" class="LineNr"> 6 </span><span class="subxComment">#   fn main args: (addr array addr array byte) -&gt; _/ebx: int</span>
<span id="L7" class="LineNr"> 7 </span><span class="subxComment"># If your program doesn't need commandline arguments you can drop it:</span>
<span id="L8" class="LineNr"> 8 </span><span class="subxComment">#   fn main -&gt; _/ebx: int</span>
<span id="L9" class="LineNr"> 9 </span><span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L10" class="LineNr">10 </span><span class="subxComment"># Notice that the output must be in ebx, so that the exit() syscall can pick</span>
<span id="L11" class="LineNr">11 </span><span class="subxComment"># it up.</span>
<span id="L12" class="LineNr">12 </span>
<span id="L13" class="LineNr">13 </span>== code
<span id="L14" class="LineNr">14 </span>
<span id="L15" class="LineNr">15 </span><span class="SpecialChar">Entry</span>:
<span id="L16" class="LineNr">16 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># we don't use ebp in Entry; just initialize it</span>
<span id="L17" class="LineNr">17 </span>    bd/copy-to-ebp 0/imm32
<span id="L18" class="LineNr">18 </span>    <span class="subxH1Comment"># - save argc and argv</span>
<span id="L19" class="LineNr">19 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var argc-and-argv/esi</span>
<span id="L20" class="LineNr">20 </span>    89/&lt;- %esi 4/r32/esp
<span id="L21" class="LineNr">21 </span><span class="Constant">$Entry:initialize-heap</span>:
<span id="L22" class="LineNr">22 </span>    <span class="subxH1Comment"># - initialize the heap</span>
<span id="L23" class="LineNr">23 </span>    (<a href='104new-segment.subx.html#L40'>new-segment</a> *<span class="SpecialChar"><a href='120allocate.subx.html#L34'>Heap-size</a></span> <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='120allocate.subx.html#L27'>Heap</a></span>)
<span id="L24" class="LineNr">24 </span><span class="Constant">$Entry:initialize-args</span>:
<span id="L25" class="LineNr">25 </span>    <span class="subxH1Comment"># - convert argv from null-terminated 'kernel' strings to length-prefixed Mu strings</span>
<span id="L26" class="LineNr">26 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var argc/edx: int</span>
<span id="L27" class="LineNr">27 </span>    8b/-&gt; *esi 2/r32/edx
<span id="L28" class="LineNr">28 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># argc is in words; convert it to bytes</span>
<span id="L29" class="LineNr">29 </span>    c1/shift 4/subop/left %edx 2/imm8
<span id="L30" class="LineNr">30 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var tmp/ebx: handle</span>
<span id="L31" class="LineNr">31 </span>    68/push 0/imm32
<span id="L32" class="LineNr">32 </span>    68/push 0/imm32
<span id="L33" class="LineNr">33 </span>    89/&lt;- %ebx 4/r32/esp
<span id="L34" class="LineNr">34 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var args/edi: (addr array (addr array byte))</span>
<span id="L35" class="LineNr">35 </span>    (<a href='120allocate.subx.html#L584'>allocate-array</a> <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='120allocate.subx.html#L27'>Heap</a></span> %edx %ebx)
<span id="L36" class="LineNr">36 </span>    (<a href='120allocate.subx.html#L258'>lookup</a> *ebx *(ebx+4))  <span class="subxComment"># =&gt; eax</span>
<span id="L37" class="LineNr">37 </span>    89/&lt;- %edi 0/r32/eax
<span id="L38" class="LineNr">38 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var curr/ecx: (addr kernel-string) = argv</span>
<span id="L39" class="LineNr">39 </span>    8d/copy-address *(esi+4) 1/r32/ecx
<span id="L40" class="LineNr">40 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var max/edx: (addr kernel-string) = argv+4+argc</span>
<span id="L41" class="LineNr">41 </span>    8d/copy-address *(ecx+edx) 2/r32/edx
<span id="L42" class="LineNr">42 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var dest/esi: (addr (addr array byte)) = args+4</span>
<span id="L43" class="LineNr">43 </span>    8d/copy-address *(edi+4) 6/r32/esi
<span id="L44" class="LineNr">44 </span>    {
<span id="L45" class="LineNr">45 </span>      <span class="subxComment"># if (curr &gt;= max) break</span>
<span id="L46" class="LineNr">46 </span>      39/compare %ecx 2/r32/edx
<span id="L47" class="LineNr">47 </span>      73/jump-if-addr&gt;= <span class="Constant">break</span>/disp8
<span id="L48" class="LineNr">48 </span>      <span class="subxComment"># *dest = kernel-string-to-string(*curr)</span>
<span id="L49" class="LineNr">49 </span>      (<a href='303kernel-string.subx.html#L7'>kernel-string-to-string</a> <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='120allocate.subx.html#L27'>Heap</a></span> *ecx %ebx)
<span id="L50" class="LineNr">50 </span>      (<a href='120allocate.subx.html#L258'>lookup</a> *ebx *(ebx+4))  <span class="subxComment"># =&gt; eax</span>
<span id="L51" class="LineNr">51 </span>      89/&lt;- *esi 0/r32/eax
<span id="L52" class="LineNr">52 </span>      <span class="subxComment"># curr += 4</span>
<span id="L53" class="LineNr">53 </span>      81 0/subop/add %ecx 4/imm32
<span id="L54" class="LineNr">54 </span>      <span class="subxComment"># dest += 4</span>
<span id="L55" class="LineNr">55 </span>      81 0/subop/add %esi 4/imm32
<span id="L56" class="LineNr">56 </span>      <span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L57" class="LineNr">57 </span>      eb/jump <span class="Constant">loop</span>/disp8
<span id="L58" class="LineNr">58 </span>    }
<span id="L59" class="LineNr">59 </span>    <span class="subxH1Comment"># - run Mu program</span>
<span id="L60" class="LineNr">60 </span>    (main %edi)  <span class="subxComment"># =&gt; ebx</span>
<span id="L61" class="LineNr">61 </span>    <span class="subxH1Comment"># - exit</span>
<span id="L62" class="LineNr">62 </span>    (<a href='000init.subx.html#L18'>syscall_exit</a>)
</pre>
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