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authorhut <hut@lavabit.com>2009-12-31 03:40:08 +0100
committerhut <hut@lavabit.com>2009-12-31 03:40:08 +0100
commita6791aeef4c62960563882796d993873febe7b9c (patch)
tree33f5d9f01607b0795641960436c03160cc232201
parentcd603ff4d0573c407c82f40cba9a164f7373585d (diff)
downloadranger-a6791aeef4c62960563882796d993873febe7b9c.tar.gz
added documentation, clean up
-rw-r--r--TODO3
-rw-r--r--ranger/gui/defaultui.py22
-rw-r--r--ranger/gui/displayable.py135
-rw-r--r--ranger/gui/widgets/filelistcontainer.py18
-rw-r--r--test/tc_displayable.py12
-rw-r--r--test/tc_ui.py2
6 files changed, 128 insertions, 64 deletions
diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
index f0024ac5..7b92c24b 100644
--- a/TODO
+++ b/TODO
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ Console
 
 General
 
-   ( ) #3   09/12/06  MVC for widgets
    (X) #5   09/12/06  move code from fm into objects
    (X) #6   09/12/06  move main to __init__
    (X) #7   09/12/06  cooler titlebar
@@ -18,5 +17,5 @@ General
    (X) #10  09/12/24  sorting
    (X) #11  09/12/27  filter
    (X) #12  09/12/27  jump through the list in a specific order
-   ( ) #14  09/12/29  make filelists inherit from pagers
+   (X) #14  09/12/29  make filelists inherit from pagers
    ( ) #15  09/12/29  better way of running processes!!~
diff --git a/ranger/gui/defaultui.py b/ranger/gui/defaultui.py
index 717bb925..08ec0b4b 100644
--- a/ranger/gui/defaultui.py
+++ b/ranger/gui/defaultui.py
@@ -13,28 +13,36 @@ class DefaultUI(UI):
 		from ranger.gui.widgets.notify import Notify
 		from ranger.gui.widgets.pager import Pager
 
+		# Create a title bar
 		self.titlebar = TitleBar(self.win)
-		self.add_obj(self.titlebar)
+		self.add_child(self.titlebar)
 
+		# Create the container for the filelists
 		self.filelist_container = FileListContainer(self.win, RATIO)
-		self.add_obj(self.filelist_container)
+		self.add_child(self.filelist_container)
 		self.main_filelist = self.filelist_container.main_filelist
 
+		# Create the process manager
 		self.pman = ProcessManager(self.win)
 		self.pman.visible = False
-		self.add_obj(self.pman)
+		self.add_child(self.pman)
 
+		# Create the (initially hidden) notify bar
 		self.notify = Notify(self.win)
-		self.add_obj(self.notify)
+		self.add_child(self.notify)
 
+		# Create the status bar
 		self.status = StatusBar(self.win, self.main_filelist)
-		self.add_obj(self.status)
+		self.add_child(self.status)
+
+		# Create the console
 		self.console = Console(self.win)
-		self.add_obj(self.console)
+		self.add_child(self.console)
 		self.console.visible = False
 
+		# Create the pager
 		self.pager = Pager(self.win)
-		self.add_obj(self.pager)
+		self.add_child(self.pager)
 
 	def update_size(self):
 		"""resize all widgets"""
diff --git a/ranger/gui/displayable.py b/ranger/gui/displayable.py
index 41ed9ae4..315d2f7b 100644
--- a/ranger/gui/displayable.py
+++ b/ranger/gui/displayable.py
@@ -3,10 +3,42 @@ from ranger import log
 import _curses
 
 class Displayable(EnvironmentAware, FileManagerAware, SettingsAware):
-	focused = False
-	visible = True
-	win = None
-	colorscheme = None
+	"""
+	Displayables are objects which are displayed on the screen.
+
+	This is just the abstract class, defining basic operations
+	such as resizing, printing, changing colors.
+	Subclasses of displayable should implement this interface:
+
+	draw() -- draw the object here. Is only called if visible.
+	poke() -- is called just before draw(), even if not visible.
+	finalize() -- called after all objects finished drawing.
+	click(event) -- called with a MouseEvent. This is called on all
+		visible objects under the mouse, until one returns True.
+	press(key) -- called after a key press on focused objects.
+	destroy() -- called before destroying the displayable object
+
+	This abstract class defines the following (helper) methods:
+
+	color(*keys) -- sets the color associated with the keys from
+		the current colorscheme.
+	color_at(y, x, wid, *keys) -- sets the color at the given position
+	color_reset() -- resets the color to the default
+	addstr(*args) -- failsafe version of self.win.addstr(*args)
+	__contains__(item) -- is the item (y, x) inside the widget?
+	
+	These attributes are set:
+
+	Modifiable:
+		focused -- Focused objects receive press() calls.
+		visible -- Visible objects receive draw() and finalize() calls
+	
+	Read-Only: (i.e. reccomended not to change manually)
+		win -- the own curses window object
+		parent -- the parent (DisplayableContainer) object or None
+		x, y, wid, hei -- absolute coordinates and boundaries
+		settings, fm, env -- inherited shared variables
+	"""
 
 	def __init__(self, win, env=None, fm=None, settings=None):
 		from ranger.gui.ui import UI
@@ -17,11 +49,12 @@ class Displayable(EnvironmentAware, FileManagerAware, SettingsAware):
 		if settings is not None:
 			self.settings = settings
 
+		self.focused = False
+		self.visible = True
 		self.x = 0
 		self.y = 0
 		self.wid = 0
 		self.hei = 0
-		self.colorscheme = self.settings.colorscheme
 		self.parent = None
 
 		if win is not None:
@@ -57,7 +90,7 @@ class Displayable(EnvironmentAware, FileManagerAware, SettingsAware):
 	def color(self, keylist = None, *keys):
 		"""Change the colors from now on."""
 		keys = combine(keylist, keys)
-		attr = self.colorscheme.get_attr(*keys)
+		attr = self.settings.colorscheme.get_attr(*keys)
 		try:
 			self.win.attrset(attr)
 		except _curses.error:
@@ -66,7 +99,7 @@ class Displayable(EnvironmentAware, FileManagerAware, SettingsAware):
 	def color_at(self, y, x, wid, keylist = None, *keys):
 		"""Change the colors at the specified position"""
 		keys = combine(keylist, keys)
-		attr = self.colorscheme.get_attr(*keys)
+		attr = self.settings.colorscheme.get_attr(*keys)
 		try:
 			self.win.chgat(y, x, wid, attr)
 		except _curses.error:
@@ -107,15 +140,6 @@ class Displayable(EnvironmentAware, FileManagerAware, SettingsAware):
 		"""
 		pass
 
-	def activate(self, boolean):
-		boolean = bool(boolean)
-		self.visible = boolean
-		self.focused = boolean
-	
-	def show(self, boolean):
-		boolean = bool(boolean)
-		self.visible = boolean
-
 	def poke(self):
 		"""Called before drawing, even if invisible"""
 	
@@ -162,7 +186,6 @@ class Displayable(EnvironmentAware, FileManagerAware, SettingsAware):
 
 		if hei != self.hei or wid != self.wid:
 			try:
-#				log("resizing " + self.__class__.__name__)
 				self.win.resize(hei, wid)
 			except:
 				# Not enough space for resizing...
@@ -189,7 +212,23 @@ class Displayable(EnvironmentAware, FileManagerAware, SettingsAware):
 				self.x += self.parent.x
 
 class DisplayableContainer(Displayable):
-	container = None
+	"""
+	DisplayableContainers are Displayables which contain other Displayables.
+
+	This is also an abstract class. The methods draw, poke, finalize,
+	click, press and destroy are overridden here and will recursively
+	call the function on all contained objects.
+
+	New methods:
+
+	add_child(object) -- add the object to the container.
+	remove_child(object) -- remove the object from the container.
+
+	New attributes:
+
+	container -- a list with all contained objects (rw)
+	"""
+
 	def __init__(self, win, env=None, fm=None, settings=None):
 		if env is not None:
 			self.env = env
@@ -198,9 +237,12 @@ class DisplayableContainer(Displayable):
 		if settings is not None:
 			self.settings = settings
 
-		Displayable.__init__(self, win)
 		self.container = []
 
+		Displayable.__init__(self, win)
+	
+	# ----------------------------------------------- overrides
+
 	def poke(self):
 		"""Recursively called on objects in container"""
 		for displayable in self.container:
@@ -217,24 +259,10 @@ class DisplayableContainer(Displayable):
 		for displayable in self.container:
 			if displayable.visible:
 				displayable.finalize()
-	
-	def get_focused_obj(self):
-		"""Finds a focused displayable object in the container."""
-		for displayable in self.container:
-			if displayable.focused:
-				return displayable
-			try:
-				obj = displayable.get_focused_obj()
-			except AttributeError:
-				pass
-			else:
-				if obj is not None:
-					return obj
-		return None
 
 	def press(self, key):
 		"""Recursively called on objects in container"""
-		focused_obj = self.get_focused_obj()
+		focused_obj = self._get_focused_obj()
 
 		if focused_obj:
 			focused_obj.press(key)
@@ -243,7 +271,7 @@ class DisplayableContainer(Displayable):
 
 	def click(self, event):
 		"""Recursively called on objects in container"""
-		focused_obj = self.get_focused_obj()
+		focused_obj = self._get_focused_obj()
 		if focused_obj and focused_obj.click(event):
 			return True
 
@@ -254,16 +282,43 @@ class DisplayableContainer(Displayable):
 
 		return False
 
-	def add_obj(self, *objs):
-		self.container.extend(objs)
-		for obj in objs:
-			obj.parent = self
-
 	def destroy(self):
 		"""Recursively called on objects in container"""
 		for displayable in self.container:
 			displayable.destroy()
 
+	# ----------------------------------------------- new methods
+
+	def add_child(self, obj):
+		"""Add the objects to the container."""
+		if obj.parent:
+			obj.parent.remove_child(obj)
+		self.container.append(obj)
+		obj.parent = self
+	
+	def remove_child(self, obj):
+		"""Remove the object from the container."""
+		try:
+			container.remove(obj)
+		except ValueError:
+			pass
+		else:
+			obj.parent = None
+	
+	def _get_focused_obj(self):
+		# Finds a focused displayable object in the container.
+		for displayable in self.container:
+			if displayable.focused:
+				return displayable
+			try:
+				obj = displayable._get_focused_obj()
+			except AttributeError:
+				pass
+			else:
+				if obj is not None:
+					return obj
+		return None
+
 class OutOfBoundsException(Exception):
 	pass
 
diff --git a/ranger/gui/widgets/filelistcontainer.py b/ranger/gui/widgets/filelistcontainer.py
index b5ef4190..ed1922b8 100644
--- a/ranger/gui/widgets/filelistcontainer.py
+++ b/ranger/gui/widgets/filelistcontainer.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class FileListContainer(Widget, DisplayableContainer):
 
 		for level in range(len(ratios)):
 			fl = FileList(self.win, level + offset)
-			self.add_obj(fl)
+			self.add_child(fl)
 
 		try:
 			self.main_filelist = self.container[preview and -2 or -1]
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class FileListContainer(Widget, DisplayableContainer):
 			self.main_filelist.main_display = True
 
 		self.pager = Pager(self.win, embedded=True)
-		self.add_obj(self.pager)
+		self.add_child(self.pager)
 	
 	def resize(self, y, x, hei, wid):
 		"""Resize all the filelists according to the given ratio"""
@@ -84,20 +84,22 @@ class FileListContainer(Widget, DisplayableContainer):
 			DisplayableContainer.click(self, event)
 	
 	def open_pager(self):
-		self.pager.activate(True)
+		self.pager.visible = True
+		self.pager.focused = True
 		self.pager.open()
 		try:
-			self.container[-2].show(False)
-			self.container[-3].show(False)
+			self.container[-2].visible = False
+			self.container[-3].visible = False
 		except IndexError:
 			pass
 	
 	def close_pager(self):
-		self.pager.activate(False)
+		self.pager.visible = False
+		self.pager.focused = False
 		self.pager.close()
 		try:
-			self.container[-2].show(True)
-			self.container[-3].show(True)
+			self.container[-2].visible = True
+			self.container[-3].visible = True
 		except IndexError:
 			pass
 	
diff --git a/test/tc_displayable.py b/test/tc_displayable.py
index 3acf338b..d7466809 100644
--- a/test/tc_displayable.py
+++ b/test/tc_displayable.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class TestDisplayableContainer(unittest.TestCase):
 
 		self.disp = Displayable(**self.initdict)
 		self.disc = DisplayableContainer(**self.initdict)
-		self.disc.add_obj(self.disp)
+		self.disc.add_child(self.disp)
 
 		hei, wid = (100, 100)
 		self.env.termsize = (hei, wid)
@@ -103,20 +103,20 @@ class TestDisplayableContainer(unittest.TestCase):
 	def test_focused_object(self):
 		d1 = Displayable(**self.initdict)
 		d2 = DisplayableContainer(**self.initdict)
-		d2.add_obj(*[Displayable(**self.initdict) for x in range(5)])
+		d2.add_child(*[Displayable(**self.initdict) for x in range(5)])
 		d3 = DisplayableContainer(**self.initdict)
-		d3.add_obj(*[Displayable(**self.initdict) for x in range(5)])
+		d3.add_child(*[Displayable(**self.initdict) for x in range(5)])
 
-		self.disc.add_obj(d1, d2, d3)
+		self.disc.add_child(d1, d2, d3)
 
 		d3.container[3].focused = True
 
-		self.assertEqual(self.disc.get_focused_obj(), d3.container[3])
+		self.assertEqual(self.disc._get_focused_obj(), d3.container[3])
 
 		d3.container[3].focused = False
 		d2.container[0].focused = True
 
-		self.assertEqual(self.disc.get_focused_obj(), d2.container[0])
+		self.assertEqual(self.disc._get_focused_obj(), d2.container[0])
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
 	unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/tc_ui.py b/test/tc_ui.py
index f509ff36..eb503c5d 100644
--- a/test/tc_ui.py
+++ b/test/tc_ui.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class Test(unittest.TestCase):
 
 		def fakesetup():
 			self.ui.widget = Fake()
-			self.ui.add_obj(self.ui.widget)
+			self.ui.add_child(self.ui.widget)
 		self.ui.setup = fakesetup
 
 		self.ui.initialize()
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "RANGER 1"
.TH RANGER 1 "ranger-1.6.0" "03/09/2013" "ranger manual"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
ranger \- visual file manager
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBranger\fR [\fB\-\-version\fR] [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-debug\fR] [\fB\-\-clean\fR] 
[\fB\-\-confdir\fR=\fIdirectory\fR] [\fB\-\-copy\-config\fR=\fIwhich\fR]
[\fB\-\-choosefile\fR=\fItarget\fR] [\fB\-\-choosefiles\fR=\fItarget\fR]
[\fB\-\-choosedir\fR=\fItarget\fR] [\fB\-\-selectfile\fR=\fIfilepath\fR]
[\fB\-\-list\-unused\-keys\fR] [\fB\-\-list\-tagged\-files\fR=\fItag\fR]
[\fB\-\-profile\fR] [\fB\-\-cmd\fR=\fIcommand\fR] [\fIpath\fR]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
ranger is a console file manager with \s-1VI\s0 key bindings.  It provides a
minimalistic and nice curses interface with a view on the directory hierarchy.
The secondary task of ranger is to figure out which program you want to use to
open your files with.
.PP
This manual mainly contains information on the usage of ranger.  Refer to the
\&\fI\s-1README\s0\fR for install instructions and to \fIdoc/HACKING\fR for development
specific information.  For configuration, see the files in \fIranger/config\fR.
They are usually installed to \fI/usr/lib/python*/site\-packages/ranger/config\fR
and can be obtained with ranger's \-\-copy\-config option.
.PP
Inside ranger, you can press \fI1?\fR for a list of key bindings, \fI2?\fR for a list
of commands and \fI3?\fR for a list of settings.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-debug\fR" 14
.IX Item "-d, --debug"
Activate the debug mode: Whenever an error occurs, ranger will exit and print a
full traceback.  The default behavior is to merely print the name of the
exception in the statusbar/log and try to keep running.
.IP "\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-clean\fR" 14
.IX Item "-c, --clean"
Activate the clean mode:  ranger will not access or create any configuration
files nor will it leave any traces on your system.  This is useful when your
configuration is broken, when you want to avoid clutter, etc.
.IP "\fB\-r\fR \fIdir\fR, \fB\-\-confdir\fR=\fIdir\fR" 14
.IX Item "-r dir, --confdir=dir"
Change the configuration directory of ranger from ~/.config/ranger to \*(L"dir\*(R".
.IP "\fB\-\-copy\-config\fR=\fIfile\fR" 14
.IX Item "--copy-config=file"
Create copies of the default configuration files in your local configuration
directory.  Existing ones will not be overwritten.  Possible values: \fIall\fR,
\&\fIcommands\fR, \fIrc\fR, \fIrifle\fR, \fIscope\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-choosefile\fR=\fItargetfile\fR" 14
.IX Item "--choosefile=targetfile"
Allows you to pick a file with ranger.  This changes the behavior so that when
you open a file, ranger will exit and write the absolute path of that file into
\&\fItargetfile\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-choosefiles\fR=\fItargetfile\fR" 14
.IX Item "--choosefiles=targetfile"
Allows you to pick multiple files with ranger.  This changes the behavior so
that when you open a file, ranger will exit and write the absolute paths of all
selected files into \fItargetfile\fR, adding one newline after each filename.
.IP "\fB\-\-choosedir\fR=\fItargetfile\fR" 14
.IX Item "--choosedir=targetfile"
Allows you to pick a directory with ranger.  When you exit ranger, it will
write the last visited directory into \fItargetfile\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-selectfile\fR=\fItargetfile\fR" 14
.IX Item "--selectfile=targetfile"
Open ranger with \fItargetfile\fR selected.
.IP "\fB\-\-list\-unused\-keys\fR" 14
.IX Item "--list-unused-keys"
List common keys which are not bound to any action in the \*(L"browser\*(R" context.
This list is not complete, you can bind any key that is supported by curses:
use the key code returned by \f(CW\*(C`getch()\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-list\-tagged\-files\fR=\fItag\fR" 14
.IX Item "--list-tagged-files=tag"
List all files which are tagged with the given tag.  Note: Tags are single
characters.  The default tag is \*(L"*\*(R"
.IP "\fB\-\-profile\fR" 14
.IX Item "--profile"
Print statistics of \s-1CPU\s0 usage on exit.
.IP "\fB\-\-cmd\fR=\fIcommand\fR" 14
.IX Item "--cmd=command"
Execute the command after the configuration has been read.  Use this option
multiple times to run multiple commands.
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 14
.IX Item "--version"
Print the version and exit.
.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR" 14
.IX Item "-h, --help"
Print a list of options and exit.
.SH "CONCEPTS"
.IX Header "CONCEPTS"
This part explains how certain parts of ranger work and how they can be used
efficiently.
.SS "\s-1TAGS\s0"
.IX Subsection "TAGS"
Tags are single characters which are displayed left of a filename.  You can use
tags however you want.  Press \*(L"t\*(R" to toggle tags and \*(L"T\*(R" to remove any tags of
the selection. The default tag is an Asterisk (\*(L"*\*(R"), but you can use any tag by
typing \fI"<tagname>\fR.
.SS "\s-1PREVIEWS\s0"
.IX Subsection "PREVIEWS"
By default, only text files are previewed, but you can enable external preview
scripts by setting the option \f(CW\*(C`use_preview_script\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`preview_files\*(C'\fR to true.
.PP
This default script is \fI~/.config/ranger/scope.sh\fR. It contains more
documentation and calls to the programs \fIlynx\fR and \fIelinks\fR for html,
\&\fIhighlight\fR for text/code, \fIimg2txt\fR for images, \fIatool\fR for archives,
\&\fIpdftotext\fR for PDFs and \fImediainfo\fR for video and audio files.
.PP
Install these programs (just the ones you need) and scope.sh will automatically
use them.
.PP
Independently of the preview script, there is a feature to preview images
by drawing them directly into the terminal.  This does not work over ssh,
requires certain terminals (tested on \*(L"xterm\*(R" and \*(L"urxvt\*(R") and is incompatible
with tmux, although it works with screen.
.PP
To enable this feature, install the program \*(L"w3m\*(R" and set the option
\&\f(CW\*(C`preview_images\*(C'\fR to true.
.SS "\s-1SELECTION\s0"
.IX Subsection "SELECTION"
The \fIselection\fR is defined as \*(L"All marked files \s-1IF\s0 \s-1THERE\s0 \s-1ARE\s0 \s-1ANY\s0, otherwise
the current file.\*(R"  Be aware of this when using the :delete command, which
deletes all files in the selection.
.PP
You can mark files by pressing <Space>, v, etc.  A yellow \fBMrk\fR symbol at the
bottom right indicates that there are marked files in this directory.
.SS "\s-1MACROS\s0"
.IX Subsection "MACROS"
Macros can be used in commands to abbreviate things.
.PP
.Vb 5
\& %f   the highlighted file
\& %d   the path of the current directory
\& %s   the selected files in the current directory.
\& %t   all tagged files in the current directory
\& %c   the full paths of the currently copied/cut files
.Ve
.PP
The macros \f(CW%f\fR, \f(CW%d\fR and \f(CW%s\fR also have upper case variants, \f(CW%F\fR, \f(CW%D\fR and \f(CW%S\fR,
which refer to the next tab.  To refer to specific tabs, add a number in
between.  (%7s = selection of the seventh tab.)
.PP
\&\f(CW%c\fR is the only macro which ranges out of the current directory. So you may
\&\*(L"abuse\*(R" the copying function for other purposes, like diffing two files which
are in different directories:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& Yank the file A (type yy), move to the file B, then type
\& @diff %c %f
.Ve
.PP
Macros for file paths are generally shell-escaped so they can be used in the
\&\f(CW\*(C`shell\*(C'\fR command.
.PP
Additionally, if you create a key binding that uses <any>, a special statement
which accepts any key, then the macro \f(CW%any\fR (or \f(CW%any0\fR, \f(CW%any1\fR, \f(CW%any2\fR, ...) can be
used in the command to get the key that was pressed.
.SS "\s-1BOOKMARKS\s0"
.IX Subsection "BOOKMARKS"
Type \fBm<key>\fR to bookmark the current directory. You can re-enter this
directory by typing \fB`<key>\fR. <key> can be any letter or digit.  Unlike vim,
both lowercase and uppercase bookmarks are persistent.
.PP
Each time you jump to a bookmark, the special bookmark at key ` will be set
to the last directory. So typing \*(L"``\*(R" gets you back to where you were before.
.PP
Bookmarks are selectable when tabbing in the :cd command.
.PP
Note: The bookmarks ' (Apostrophe) and ` (Backtick) are the same.
.SS "\s-1RIFLE\s0"
.IX Subsection "RIFLE"
Rifle is the file opener of ranger.  It can be used as a standalone program or
a python module.  It is located at \fIranger/ext/rifle.py\fR.  In contrast to
other, more simple file openers, rifle can automatically find installed
programs so it can be used effectively out of the box on a variety of systems.
.PP
It's configured in \fIrifle.conf\fR through a list of conditions and commands.
For each line the conditions are checked and if they are met, the respective
command is taken into consideration.  By default, simply the first matching
rule is used.  In ranger, you can list and choose rules by typing \*(L"r\*(R" or simply
by typing \*(L"<rulenumber><enter>\*(R".  If you use rifle standalone, you can list all
rules with the \*(L"\-l\*(R" option and pick a rule with \*(L"\-p <number>\*(R".
.PP
The rules, along with further documentation, are contained in
\&\fIranger/config/rifle.conf\fR.
.SS "\s-1FLAGS\s0"
.IX Subsection "FLAGS"
Flags give you a way to modify the behavior of the spawned process.  They are
used in the commands \f(CW\*(C`:open_with\*(C'\fR (key \*(L"r\*(R") and \f(CW\*(C`:shell\*(C'\fR (key \*(L"!\*(R").
.PP
.Vb 4
\& f   Fork the process.  (Run in background)
\& c   Run the current file only, instead of the selection
\& r   Run application with root privilege (requires sudo)
\& t   Run application in a new terminal window
.Ve
.PP
There are some additional flags that can currently be used only in the \f(CW\*(C`shell\*(C'\fR
command: (for example \f(CW\*(C`:shell \-w df\*(C'\fR)
.PP
.Vb 3
\& p   Redirect output to the pager
\& s   Silent mode.  Output will be discarded.
\& w   Wait for an Enter\-press when the process is done
.Ve
.PP
By default, all the flags are off unless specified otherwise in the
\&\fIrifle.conf\fR configuration file.  You can specify as many flags as you want.
An uppercase flag negates the effect: \*(L"ffcccFsf\*(R" is equivalent to \*(L"cs\*(R".
.PP
The terminal program name for the \*(L"t\*(R" flag is taken from the environment
variable \f(CW$TERMCMD\fR.  If it doesn't exist, it tries to extract it from \f(CW$TERM\fR and
uses \*(L"xterm\*(R" as a fallback if that fails.
.PP
Examples: \f(CW\*(C`:open_with c\*(C'\fR will open the file that you currently point at, even
if you have selected other files.  \f(CW\*(C`:shell \-w df\*(C'\fR will run \*(L"df\*(R" and wait for
you to press Enter before switching back to ranger.
.SS "\s-1PLUGINS\s0"
.IX Subsection "PLUGINS"
ranger's plugin system consists of python files which are located in
\&\fI~/.config/ranger/plugins/\fR and are imported in alphabetical order when
starting ranger.  A plugin changes rangers behavior by overwriting or extending
a function that ranger uses.  This allows you to change pretty much every part
of ranger, but there is no guarantee that things will continue to work in
future versions as the source code evolves.
.PP
There are some hooks that are specifically made for the use in plugins.  They
are functions that start with hook_ and can be found throughout the code.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& grep \*(Aqdef hook_\*(Aq \-r /path/to/rangers/source
.Ve
.PP
Also try:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& pydoc ranger.api
.Ve
.PP
Note that you should \s-1NOT\s0 simply overwrite a function unless you know what
you're doing.  Instead, save the existing function and call it from your new
one.  This way, multiple plugins can use the same hook.  There are several
sample plugins in the \fI/usr/share/doc/ranger/examples/\fR directory, including a
hello-world plugin that describes this procedure.
.SH "KEY BINDINGS"
.IX Header "KEY BINDINGS"
Key bindings are defined in the file \fIranger/config/rc.conf\fR.  Check this
file for a list of all key bindings.  You can copy it to your local
configuration directory with the \-\-copy\-config=rc option.
.PP
Many key bindings take an additional numeric argument.  Type \fI5j\fR to move
down 5 lines, \fI2l\fR to open a file in mode 2, \fI10<Space>\fR to mark 10 files.
.PP
This list contains the most useful bindings:
.SS "\s-1MAIN\s0 \s-1BINDINGS\s0"
.IX Subsection "MAIN BINDINGS"
.IP "h, j, k, l" 14
.IX Item "h, j, k, l"
Move left, down, up or right
.IP "^D or J, ^U or K" 14
.IX Item "^D or J, ^U or K"
Move a half page down, up
.IP "H, L" 14
.IX Item "H, L"
Move back and forward in the history
.IP "gg" 14
.IX Item "gg"
Move to the top
.IP "G" 14
.IX Item "G"
Move to the bottom
.IP "^R" 14
.IX Item "^R"
Reload everything
.IP "^L" 14
.IX Item "^L"
Redraw the screen
.IP "i" 14
.IX Item "i"
Display the current file in a bigger window.
.IP "E" 14
.IX Item "E"
Edit the current file in \f(CW$EDITOR\fR (\*(L"nano\*(R" by default)
.IP "S" 14
.IX Item "S"
Open a shell in the current directory
.IP "?" 14
Opens this man page
.IP "<octal>=, +<who><what>, \-<who><what>" 14
.IX Item "<octal>=, +<who><what>, -<who><what>"
Change the permissions of the selection.  For example, \f(CW\*(C`777=\*(C'\fR is equivalent to
\&\f(CW\*(C`chmod 777 %s\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`+ar\*(C'\fR does \f(CW\*(C`chmod a+r %s\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-ow\*(C'\fR does \f(CW\*(C`chmod o\-w %s\*(C'\fR etc.
.IP "yy" 14
.IX Item "yy"
Copy (yank) the selection, like pressing Ctrl+C in modern \s-1GUI\s0 programs.
.IP "dd" 14
.IX Item "dd"
Cut the selection, like pressing Ctrl+X in modern \s-1GUI\s0 programs.
.IP "pp" 14
.IX Item "pp"
Paste the files which were previously copied or cut, like pressing Ctrl+V in
modern \s-1GUI\s0 programs.
.IP "po" 14
.IX Item "po"
Paste the copied/cut files, overwriting existing files.
.IP "m\fIX\fR" 14
.IX Item "mX"
Create a bookmark with the name \fIX\fR
.IP "`\fIX\fR" 14
.IX Item "`X"
Move to the bookmark with the name \fIX\fR
.IP "n" 14
.IX Item "n"
Find the next file.  By default, this gets you to the newest file in the
directory, but if you search something using the keys /, cm, ct, ..., it will
get you to the next found entry.
.IP "N" 14
.IX Item "N"
Find the previous file.
.IP "o\fIX\fR" 14
.IX Item "oX"
Change the sort method (like in mutt)
.IP "z\fIX\fR" 14
.IX Item "zX"
Change settings.  See the settings section for a list of settings and their
hotkey.
.IP "u\fI?\fR" 14
.IX Item "u?"
Universal undo-key.  Depending on the key that you press after \*(L"u\*(R", it either
restores closed tabs (uq), removes tags (ut), clears the copy/cut buffer (ud),
starts the reversed visual mode (uV) or clears the selection (uv).
.IP "f" 14
.IX Item "f"
Quickly navigate by entering a part of the filename.
.IP "Space" 14
.IX Item "Space"
Mark a file.
.IP "v" 14
.IX Item "v"
Toggle the mark-status of all files
.IP "V" 14
.IX Item "V"
Starts the visual mode, which selects all files between the starting point and
the cursor until you press \s-1ESC\s0.  To unselect files in the same way, use \*(L"uV\*(R".
.IP "/" 14
Search for files in the current directory.
.IP ":" 14
Open the console.
.IP "Alt\-\fIN\fR" 14
.IX Item "Alt-N"
Open a tab. N has to be a number from 0 to 9. If the tab doesn't exist yet, it
will be created.
.IP "gn, ^N" 14
.IX Item "gn, ^N"
Create a new tab.
.IP "gt, gT" 14
.IX Item "gt, gT"
Go to the next or previous tab. You can also use \s-1TAB\s0 and \s-1SHIFT+TAB\s0 instead.
.IP "gc, ^W" 14
.IX Item "gc, ^W"
Close the current tab.  The last tab cannot be closed this way.
.SS "READLINE-LIKE \s-1BINDINGS\s0 \s-1IN\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1CONSOLE\s0"
.IX Subsection "READLINE-LIKE BINDINGS IN THE CONSOLE"
.IP "^B, ^F" 14
.IX Item "^B, ^F"
Move left and right (B for back, F for forward)
.IP "^P, ^N" 14
.IX Item "^P, ^N"
Move up and down (P for previous, N for Next)
.IP "^A, ^E" 14
.IX Item "^A, ^E"
Move to the start or to the end
.IP "^D" 14
.IX Item "^D"
Delete the current character.
.IP "^H" 14
.IX Item "^H"
Backspace.
.SH "MOUSE BUTTONS"
.IX Header "MOUSE BUTTONS"
.IP "Left Mouse Button" 4
.IX Item "Left Mouse Button"
Click on something and you'll move there.  To run a file, \*(L"enter\*(R" it, like a
directory, by clicking on the preview.
.IP "Right Mouse Button" 4
.IX Item "Right Mouse Button"
Enter a directory or run a file.
.IP "Scroll Wheel" 4
.IX Item "Scroll Wheel"
Scrolls up or down.  You can point at the column of the parent directory while
scrolling to switch directories.
.SH "SETTINGS"
.IX Header "SETTINGS"
This section lists all built-in settings of ranger.  The valid types for the
value are in [brackets].  The hotkey to toggle the setting is in <brokets>, if
a hotkey exists.
.PP
Settings can be changed in the file \fI~/.config/ranger/rc.conf\fR or on the
fly with the command \fB:set option value\fR.  Examples:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& set column_ratios 1,2,3
\& set show_hidden true
.Ve
.PP
The different types of settings and an example for each type:
.PP
.Vb 7
\& setting type   | example values
\& \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\& bool           | true, false
\& integer        | 1, 23, 1337
\& string         | foo, hello world
\& list           | 1,2,3,4
\& none           | none
.Ve
.PP
You can view a list of all settings and their current values by pressing \*(L"3?\*(R"
in ranger.
.IP "autosave_bookmarks [bool]" 4
.IX Item "autosave_bookmarks [bool]"
Save bookmarks (used with mX and `X) instantly?  This helps to synchronize
bookmarks between multiple ranger instances but leads to *slight* performance
loss.  When false, bookmarks are saved when ranger is exited.
.IP "autoupdate_cumulative_size [bool]" 4
.IX Item "autoupdate_cumulative_size [bool]"
You can display the \*(L"real\*(R" cumulative size of directories by using the command
:get_cumulative_size or typing \*(L"dc\*(R".  The size is expensive to calculate and
will not be updated automatically.  You can choose to update it automatically
though by turning on this option.
.IP "collapse_preview [bool] <zc>" 4
.IX Item "collapse_preview [bool] <zc>"
When no preview is visible, should the last column be squeezed to make use of
the whitespace?
.IP "colorscheme [string]" 4
.IX Item "colorscheme [string]"
Which colorscheme to use?  These colorschemes are available by default:
\&\fBdefault\fR, \fBjungle\fR, \fBsnow\fR.  Snow is a monochrome scheme, jungle replaces
blue directories with green ones for better visibility on certain terminals.
.IP "column_ratios [list]" 4
.IX Item "column_ratios [list]"
How many columns are there, and what are their relative widths?  For example, a
value of 1,1,1 would mean 3 evenly sized columns. 1,1,1,1,4 means 5 columns
with the preview column being as large as the other columns combined.
.IP "confirm_on_delete [string]" 4
.IX Item "confirm_on_delete [string]"
Ask for a confirmation when running the \*(L"delete\*(R" command?  Valid values are
\&\*(L"always\*(R" (default), \*(L"never\*(R", \*(L"multiple\*(R". With \*(L"multiple\*(R", ranger will ask only
if you delete multiple files at once.
.IP "dirname_in_tabs [bool]" 4
.IX Item "dirname_in_tabs [bool]"
Display the directory name in tabs?
.IP "display_size_in_main_column [bool]" 4
.IX Item "display_size_in_main_column [bool]"
Display the file size in the main column?
.IP "display_size_in_status_bar [bool]" 4
.IX Item "display_size_in_status_bar [bool]"
Display the file size in the status bar?
.IP "display_tags_in_all_columns [bool]" 4
.IX Item "display_tags_in_all_columns [bool]"
Display tags in all columns?
.IP "draw_borders [bool]" 4
.IX Item "draw_borders [bool]"
Draw borders around columns?
.IP "draw_progress_bar_in_statusbar [bool]" 4
.IX Item "draw_progress_bar_in_statusbar [bool]"
Draw a progress bar in the status bar which displays the average state of all
currently running tasks which support progress bars?
.IP "flushinput [bool] <zi>" 4
.IX Item "flushinput [bool] <zi>"
Flush the input after each key hit?  One advantage is that when scrolling down
with \*(L"j\*(R", ranger stops scrolling instantly when you release the key.  One
disadvantage is that when you type commands blindly, some keys might get lost.
.IP "hidden_filter [string]" 4
.IX Item "hidden_filter [string]"
A regular expression pattern for files which should be hidden.  For example,
this pattern will hide all files that start with a dot or end with a tilde.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& set hidden_filter ^\e.|~$
.Ve
.IP "max_console_history_size [integer, none]" 4
.IX Item "max_console_history_size [integer, none]"
How many console commands should be kept in history?  \*(L"none\*(R" will disable the
limit.
.IP "max_history_size [integer, none]" 4
.IX Item "max_history_size [integer, none]"
How many directory changes should be kept in history?
.IP "mouse_enabled [bool] <zm>" 4
.IX Item "mouse_enabled [bool] <zm>"
Enable mouse input?
.IP "padding_right [bool]" 4
.IX Item "padding_right [bool]"
When collapse_preview is on and there is no preview, should there remain a
little padding on the right?  This allows you to click into that space to run
the file.
.IP "preview_directories [bool] <zP>" 4
.IX Item "preview_directories [bool] <zP>"
Preview directories in the preview column?
.IP "preview_files [bool] <zp>" 4
.IX Item "preview_files [bool] <zp>"
Preview files in the preview column?
.IP "preview_images [bool]" 4
.IX Item "preview_images [bool]"
Draw images inside the console with the external program w3mimgpreview?
.IP "preview_script [string, none]" 4
.IX Item "preview_script [string, none]"
Which script should handle generating previews?  If the file doesn't exist, or
use_preview_script is off, ranger will handle previews itself by just printing
the content.
.IP "save_console_history [bool]" 4
.IX Item "save_console_history [bool]"
Should the console history be saved on exit?  If disabled, the console history
is reset when you restart ranger.
.IP "scroll_offset [integer]" 4
.IX Item "scroll_offset [integer]"
Try to keep this much space between the top/bottom border when scrolling.
.IP "shorten_title [integer]" 4
.IX Item "shorten_title [integer]"
Trim the title of the window if it gets long?  The number defines how many
directories are displayed at once. A value of 0 turns off this feature.
.IP "show_cursor [bool]" 4
.IX Item "show_cursor [bool]"
Always show the terminal cursor?
.IP "show_hidden_bookmarks [bool]" 4
.IX Item "show_hidden_bookmarks [bool]"
Show dotfiles in the bookmark preview window? (Type ')
.IP "show_hidden [bool] <zh>, <^H>" 4
.IX Item "show_hidden [bool] <zh>, <^H>"
Show hidden files?
.IP "sort_case_insensitive [bool] <zc>" 4
.IX Item "sort_case_insensitive [bool] <zc>"
Sort case-insensitively?  If true, \*(L"a\*(R" will be listed before \*(L"B\*(R" even though
its \s-1ASCII\s0 value is higher.
.IP "sort_directories_first [bool] <zd>" 4
.IX Item "sort_directories_first [bool] <zd>"
Sort directories first?
.IP "sort_reverse [bool] <or>" 4
.IX Item "sort_reverse [bool] <or>"
Reverse the order of files?
.IP "sort [string] <oa>, <ob>, <oc>, <om>, <on>, <ot>, <os>" 4
.IX Item "sort [string] <oa>, <ob>, <oc>, <om>, <on>, <ot>, <os>"
Which sorting mechanism should be used?  Choose one of \fBatime\fR, \fBbasename\fR,
\&\fBctime\fR, \fBmtime\fR, \fBnatural\fR, \fBtype\fR, \fBsize\fR
.Sp
Note: You can reverse the order by typing an uppercase second letter in the key
combination, e.g. \*(L"oN\*(R" to sort from Z to A.
.IP "status_bar_on_top [bool]" 4
.IX Item "status_bar_on_top [bool]"
Put the status bar at the top of the window?
.IP "tilde_in_titlebar [bool]" 4
.IX Item "tilde_in_titlebar [bool]"
Abbreviate \f(CW$HOME\fR with ~ in the title bar (first line) of ranger?
.IP "unicode_ellipsis [bool]" 4
.IX Item "unicode_ellipsis [bool]"
Use a unicode \*(L"...\*(R" character instead of \*(L"~\*(R" to mark cut-off filenames?
.IP "update_title [bool]" 4
.IX Item "update_title [bool]"
Set a window title?
.IP "update_tmux_title [bool]" 4
.IX Item "update_tmux_title [bool]"
Set the title to \*(L"ranger\*(R" in the tmux program?
.IP "use_preview_script [bool] <zv>" 4
.IX Item "use_preview_script [bool] <zv>"
Use the preview script defined in the setting \fIpreview_script\fR?
.IP "vcs_aware [bool]" 4
.IX Item "vcs_aware [bool]"
Gather and display data about version control systems. Supported vcs: git, hg.
.IP "vcs_backend_git, vcs_backend_hg, vcs_backend_bzr [string]" 4
.IX Item "vcs_backend_git, vcs_backend_hg, vcs_backend_bzr [string]"
Sets the state for the version control backend. The possible values are:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& disabled   don\*(Aqt display any information.
\& local      display only local state.
\& enabled    display both, local and remote state. May be slow for hg and bzr.
.Ve
.IP "xterm_alt_key [bool]" 4
.IX Item "xterm_alt_key [bool]"
Enable this if key combinations with the Alt Key don't work for you.
(Especially on xterm)
.SH "COMMANDS"
.IX Header "COMMANDS"
You can enter the commands in the console which is opened by pressing \*(L":\*(R".
.PP
You can always get a list of the currently existing commands by typing \*(L"2?\*(R" in
ranger.  For your convenience, this is a list of the \*(L"public\*(R" commands including their parameters, excluding descriptions:
.PP
.Vb 10
\& alias [newcommand] [oldcommand]
\& bulkrename
\& cd [directory]
\& chain command1[; command2[; command3...]]
\& chmod octal_number
\& cmap key command
\& console [\-pSTARTPOSITION] command
\& copycmap key newkey [newkey2...]
\& copymap key newkey [newkey2...]
\& copypmap key newkey [newkey2...]
\& copytmap key newkey [newkey2...]
\& cunmap keys...
\& delete
\& edit [filename]
\& eval [\-q] python_code
\& filter [string]
\& find pattern
\& grep pattern
\& load_copy_buffer
\& map key command
\& mark pattern
\& mark_tag [tags]
\& mkdir dirname
\& open_with [application] [flags] [mode]
\& pmap key command
\& punmap keys...
\& quit
\& quit!
\& relink newpath
\& rename newname
\& save_copy_buffer
\& scout [\-FLAGS] pattern
\& search pattern
\& search_inc pattern
\& set option value
\& setlocal [path=<path>] option value
\& shell [\-FLAGS] command
\& terminal
\& tmap key command
\& touch filename
\& travel pattern
\& tunmap keys...
\& unmap keys...
\& unmark pattern
\& unmark_tag [tags]
.Ve
.PP
There are additional commands which are directly translated to python
functions, one for every method in the ranger.core.actions.Actions class.
They are not documented here, since they are mostly for key bindings, not to be
typed in by a user.  Read the source if you are interested in them.
.PP
These are the public commands including their descriptions:
.IP "alias [\fInewcommand\fR] [\fIoldcommand\fR]" 2
.IX Item "alias [newcommand] [oldcommand]"
Copies the oldcommand as newcommand.
.IP "bulkrename" 2
.IX Item "bulkrename"
This command opens a list of selected files in an external editor.  After you
edit and save the file, it will generate a shell script which does bulk
renaming according to the changes you did in the file.
.Sp
This shell script is opened in an editor for you to review.  After you close
it, it will be executed.
.IP "cd [\fIdirectory\fR]" 2
.IX Item "cd [directory]"
The cd command changes the directory.  The command \f(CW\*(C`:cd \-\*(C'\fR is equivalent to
typing ``.
.IP "chain \fIcommand1\fR[; \fIcommand2\fR[; \fIcommand3\fR...]]" 2
.IX Item "chain command1[; command2[; command3...]]"
Combines multiple commands into one, separated by semicolons.
.IP "chmod \fIoctal_number\fR" 2
.IX Item "chmod octal_number"
Sets the permissions of the selection to the octal number.
.Sp
The octal number is between 000 and 777. The digits specify the permissions for
the user, the group and others.  A 1 permits execution, a 2 permits writing, a
4 permits reading.  Add those numbers to combine them. So a 7 permits
everything.
.Sp
Key bindings in the form of [\-+]<who><what> and <octal>= also exist.  For
example, \fB+ar\fR allows reading for everyone, \-ow forbids others to write and
777= allows everything.
.Sp
See also: man 1 chmod
.IP "cmap \fIkey\fR \fIcommand\fR" 2
.IX Item "cmap key command"
Binds keys for the console. Works like the \f(CW\*(C`map\*(C'\fR command.
.IP "console [\-p\fIN\fR] \fIcommand\fR" 2
.IX Item "console [-pN] command"
Opens the console with the command already typed in.  The cursor is placed at
\&\fIN\fR.
.IP "copycmap \fIkey\fR \fInewkey\fR [\fInewkey2\fR ...]" 2
.IX Item "copycmap key newkey [newkey2 ...]"
See \f(CW\*(C`copymap\*(C'\fR
.IP "copymap \fIkey\fR \fInewkey\fR [\fInewkey2\fR ...]" 2
.IX Item "copymap key newkey [newkey2 ...]"
Copies the keybinding \fIkey\fR to \fInewkey\fR in the \*(L"browser\*(R" context.  This is a
deep copy, so if you change the new binding (or parts of it) later, the old one
is not modified.
.Sp
To copy key bindings of the console, taskview, or pager use \*(L"copycmap\*(R",
\&\*(L"copytmap\*(R" or \*(L"copypmap\*(R".
.IP "copypmap \fIkey\fR \fInewkey\fR [\fInewkey2\fR ...]" 2
.IX Item "copypmap key newkey [newkey2 ...]"
See \f(CW\*(C`copymap\*(C'\fR
.IP "copytmap \fIkey\fR \fInewkey\fR [\fInewkey2\fR ...]" 2
.IX Item "copytmap key newkey [newkey2 ...]"
See \f(CW\*(C`copymap\*(C'\fR
.IP "cunmap [\fIkeys...\fR]" 2
.IX Item "cunmap [keys...]"
Removes key mappings of the console. Works like the \f(CW\*(C`unmap\*(C'\fR command.
.IP "delete" 2
.IX Item "delete"
Destroy all files in the selection with a roundhouse kick.  ranger will ask for
a confirmation if you attempt to delete multiple (marked) files or non-empty
directories.  This can be changed by modifying the setting \*(L"confirm_on_delete\*(R".
.IP "edit [\fIfilename\fR]" 2
.IX Item "edit [filename]"
Edit the current file or the file in the argument.
.IP "eval [\fI\-q\fR] \fIpython_code\fR" 2
.IX Item "eval [-q] python_code"
Evaluates the python code.  `fm' is a reference to the \s-1FM\s0 instance.  To display
text, use the function `p'.  The result is displayed on the screen unless you
use the \*(L"\-q\*(R" option.
.Sp
Examples:
 :eval fm
 :eval len(fm.tabs)
 :eval p(\*(L"Hello World!\*(R")
.IP "filter [\fIstring\fR]" 2
.IX Item "filter [string]"
Displays only the files which contain the \fIstring\fR in their basename.  Running
this command without any parameter will reset the fitler.
.IP "find \fIpattern\fR" 2
.IX Item "find pattern"
Search files in the current directory that contain the given (case-insensitive)
string in their name as you type.  Once there is an unambiguous result, it will
be run immediately. (Or entered, if it's a directory.)
.IP "grep \fIpattern\fR" 2
.IX Item "grep pattern"
Looks for a string in all marked files or directories.
.IP "load_copy_buffer" 2
.IX Item "load_copy_buffer"
Load the copy buffer from \fI~/.config/ranger/copy_buffer\fR.  This can be used to
pass the list of copied files to another ranger instance.
.IP "map \fIkey\fR \fIcommand\fR" 2
.IX Item "map key command"
Assign the key combination to the given command.  Whenever you type the
key/keys, the command will be executed.  Additionally, if you use a quantifier
when typing the key, like 5j, it will be passed to the command as the attribute
\&\*(L"self.quantifier\*(R".
.Sp
The keys you bind with this command are accessible in the file browser only,
not in the console, task view or pager.  To bind keys there, use the commands
\&\*(L"cmap\*(R", \*(L"tmap\*(R" or \*(L"pmap\*(R".
.IP "mark \fIpattern\fR" 2
.IX Item "mark pattern"
Mark all files matching the regular expression pattern.
.IP "mark_tag [\fItags\fR]" 2
.IX Item "mark_tag [tags]"
Mark all tags that are tagged with either of the given tags.  When leaving out
the tag argument, all tagged files are marked.
.IP "mkdir \fIdirname\fR" 2
.IX Item "mkdir dirname"
Creates a directory with the name \fIdirname\fR.
.IP "open_with [\fIapplication\fR] [\fIflags\fR] [\fImode\fR]" 2
.IX Item "open_with [application] [flags] [mode]"
Open the selected files with the given application, unless it is omitted, in
which case the default application is used.  \fIflags\fR and \fImode\fR have their
own section in the man page.
.IP "pmap \fIkey\fR \fIcommand\fR" 2
.IX Item "pmap key command"
Binds keys for the pager. Works like the \f(CW\*(C`map\*(C'\fR command.
.IP "punmap [\fIkeys ...\fR]" 2
.IX Item "punmap [keys ...]"
Removes key mappings of the pager. Works like the \f(CW\*(C`unmap\*(C'\fR command.
.IP "quit" 2
.IX Item "quit"
Like quit!, but closes only this tab if multiple tabs are open.
.IP "quit!" 2
.IX Item "quit!"
Quit ranger.  The current directory will be bookmarked as ' so you can re-enter
it by typing `` or '' the next time you start ranger.
.IP "relink \fInewpath\fR" 2
.IX Item "relink newpath"
Change the link destination of the current symlink file to <newpath>. First
<tab> will load the original link.
.IP "rename \fInewname\fR" 2
.IX Item "rename newname"
Rename the current file.  If a file with that name already exists, the renaming
will fail.  Also try the key binding A for appending something to a file name.
.IP "save_copy_buffer" 2
.IX Item "save_copy_buffer"
Save the copy buffer to \fI~/.config/ranger/copy_buffer\fR.  This can be used to
pass the list of copied files to another ranger instance.
.IP "scout [\-\fIflags\fR...] [\-\-] \fIpattern\fR" 2
.IX Item "scout [-flags...] [--] pattern"
Swiss army knife command for searching, traveling and filtering files.
The command takes various flags as arguments which can be used to
influence its behaviour:
.Sp
.Vb 10
\& \-a = automatically open a file on unambiguous match
\& \-e = open the selected file when pressing enter
\& \-f = filter files that match the current search pattern
\& \-g = interpret pattern as a glob pattern
\& \-i = ignore the letter case of the files
\& \-k = keep the console open when changing a directory with the command
\& \-l = letter skipping; e.g. allow "rdme" to match the file "readme"
\& \-m = mark the matching files after pressing enter
\& \-M = unmark the matching files after pressing enter
\& \-p = permanent filter: hide non\-matching files after pressing enter
\& \-s = smart case; like \-i unless pattern contains upper case letters
\& \-t = apply filter and search pattern as you type
\& \-v = inverts the match
.Ve
.Sp
Multiple flags can be combined.  For example, \*(L":scout \-gpt\*(R" would create
a :filter\-like command using globbing.
.IP "search \fIpattern\fR" 2
.IX Item "search pattern"
Search files in the current directory that match the given (case insensitive)
regular expression pattern.
.IP "search_inc \fIpattern\fR" 2
.IX Item "search_inc pattern"
Search files in the current directory that match the given (case insensitive)
regular expression pattern.  This command gets you to matching files as you
type.
.IP "set \fIoption\fR \fIvalue\fR" 2
.IX Item "set option value"
Assigns a new value to an option.  Valid options are listed in the settings
section.  Use tab completion to get the current value of an option, though this
doesn't work for functions and regular expressions. Valid values are:
.Sp
.Vb 7
\& setting type   | example values
\& \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\& bool           | true, false
\& integer        | 1, 23, 1337
\& string         | foo, hello world
\& list           | 1,2,3,4
\& none           | none
.Ve
.IP "setlocal [path=\fIpath\fR] \fIoption\fR \fIvalue\fR" 2
.IX Item "setlocal [path=path] option value"
Assigns a new value to an option, but locally for the directory given by
\&\fIpath\fR. This means, that this option only takes effect when visiting that
directory. If no path is given, uses the current directory.
.IP "shell [\-\fIflags\fR] \fIcommand\fR" 2
.IX Item "shell [-flags] command"
Run a shell command.  \fIflags\fR are discussed in their own section.
.IP "terminal" 2
.IX Item "terminal"
Spawns the \fIx\-terminal-emulator\fR starting in the current directory.
.IP "tmap \fIkey\fR \fIcommand\fR" 2
.IX Item "tmap key command"
Binds keys for the taskview. Works like the \f(CW\*(C`map\*(C'\fR command.
.IP "touch \fIfilename\fR" 2
.IX Item "touch filename"
Creates an empty file with the name \fIfilename\fR, unless it already exists.
.IP "travel \fIpattern\fR" 2
.IX Item "travel pattern"
Filters the current directory for files containing the letters in the
string, possibly with other letters in between.  The filter is applied as
you type.  When only one directory is left, it is entered and the console
is automatically reopened, allowing for fast travel.
To close the console, press \s-1ESC\s0 or execute a file.
.IP "tunmap [\fIkeys ...\fR]" 2
.IX Item "tunmap [keys ...]"
Removes key mappings of the taskview. Works like the \f(CW\*(C`unmap\*(C'\fR command.
.IP "unmap [\fIkeys\fR ...]" 2
.IX Item "unmap [keys ...]"
Removes the given key mappings in the \*(L"browser\*(R" context.  To unmap key bindings
in the console, taskview, or pager use \*(L"cunmap\*(R", \*(L"tunmap\*(R" or \*(L"punmap\*(R".
.IP "unmark \fIpattern\fR" 2
.IX Item "unmark pattern"
Unmark all files matching a regular expression pattern.
.IP "unmark_tag [\fItags\fR]" 2
.IX Item "unmark_tag [tags]"
Unmark all tags that are tagged with either of the given tags.  When leaving
out the tag argument, all tagged files are unmarked.
.SH "FILES"
.IX Header "FILES"
ranger reads several configuration files which are located in
\&\fI\f(CI$HOME\fI/.config/ranger\fR or \fI\f(CI$XDG_CONFIG_HOME\fI/ranger\fR if \f(CW$XDG_CONFIG_HOME\fR is
defined.  You can use the \-\-copy\-config option to obtain the default
configuration files.  Each of the files contains further documentation.
.PP
You don't need to copy the whole file though, most configuration files are
overlaid on top of the defaults (\fIcommands.py\fR, \fIrc.conf\fR) or can be
sub-classed (\fIcolorschemes\fR).
.PP
When starting ranger with the \fB\-\-clean\fR option, it will not access or create
any of these files.
.SS "\s-1CONFIGURATION\s0"
.IX Subsection "CONFIGURATION"
.IP "rc.conf" 10
.IX Item "rc.conf"
Contains a list of commands which are executed on startup.  Mostly key bindings
and settings are defined here.
.IP "commands.py" 10
.IX Item "commands.py"
A python module that defines commands which can be used in ranger's console by
typing \*(L":\*(R" or in the rc.conf file.
.IP "rifle.conf" 10
.IX Item "rifle.conf"
This is the configuration file for the built-in file launcher called \*(L"rifle\*(R".
.IP "scope.sh" 10
.IX Item "scope.sh"
This is a script that handles file previews.  When the options
\&\fIuse_preview_script\fR and \fIpreview_files\fR are set, the program specified in
the option \fIpreview_script\fR is run and its output and/or exit code determines
rangers reaction.
.IP "colorschemes/" 10
.IX Item "colorschemes/"
Colorschemes can be placed here.
.IP "plugins/" 10
.IX Item "plugins/"
Plugins can be placed here.
.SS "\s-1STORAGE\s0"
.IX Subsection "STORAGE"
.IP "bookmarks" 10
.IX Item "bookmarks"
This file contains a list of bookmarks.  The syntax is /^(.):(.*)$/. The first
character is the bookmark key and the rest after the colon is the path to the
file.  In ranger, bookmarks can be set by typing m<key>, accessed by typing
\&'<key> and deleted by typing um<key>.
.IP "copy_buffer" 10
.IX Item "copy_buffer"
When running the command :save_copy_buffer, the paths of all currently copied
files are saved in this file.  You can later run :load_copy_buffer to copy the
same files again, pass them to another ranger instance or process them in a
script.
.IP "history" 10
.IX Item "history"
Contains a list of commands that have been previously typed in.
.IP "tagged" 10
.IX Item "tagged"
Contains a list of tagged files. The syntax is /^(.:)?(.*)$/ where the first
letter is the optional name of the tag and the rest after the optional colon is
the path to the file.  In ranger, tags can be set by pressing t and removed
with T.  To assign a named tag, type "<tagname>.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
These environment variables have an effect on ranger:
.IP "\s-1RANGER_LEVEL\s0" 8
.IX Item "RANGER_LEVEL"
ranger sets this environment variable to \*(L"1\*(R" or increments it if it already
exists.  External programs can determine whether they were spawned from ranger
by checking for this variable.
.IP "\s-1RANGER_LOAD_DEFAULT_RC\s0" 8
.IX Item "RANGER_LOAD_DEFAULT_RC"
If this variable is set to \s-1FALSE\s0, ranger will not load the default rc.conf.
This can save time if you copied the whole rc.conf to ~/.config/ranger/ and
don't need the default one at all.
.IP "\s-1EDITOR\s0" 8
.IX Item "EDITOR"
Defines the editor to be used for the \*(L"E\*(R" key.  Defaults to \*(L"nano\*(R".
.IP "\s-1SHELL\s0" 8
.IX Item "SHELL"
Defines the shell that ranger is going to use with the :shell command and
the \*(L"S\*(R" key.  Defaults to \*(L"/bin/sh\*(R".
.IP "\s-1TERMCMD\s0" 8
.IX Item "TERMCMD"
Defines the terminal emulator command that ranger is going to use with the
:terminal command and the \*(L"t\*(R" run flag.  Defaults to \*(L"xterm\*(R".
.IP "\s-1XDG_CONFIG_HOME\s0" 8
.IX Item "XDG_CONFIG_HOME"
Specifies the directory for configuration files. Defaults to \fI\f(CI$HOME\fI/.config\fR.
.IP "\s-1PYTHONOPTIMIZE\s0" 8
.IX Item "PYTHONOPTIMIZE"
This variable determines the optimize level of python.
.Sp
Using PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1 (like python \-O) will make python discard assertion
statements.  You will gain efficiency at the cost of losing some debug info.
.Sp
Using PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2 (like python \-OO) will additionally discard any
docstrings.  Using this will disable the <F1> key on commands.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
There are various examples on how to extend ranger with plugins or combine
ranger with other programs.  These can be found in the
\&\fI/usr/share/doc/ranger/examples/\fR directory, or the \fIdoc/ranger/\fR that is
provided along with the source code.
.SH "LICENSE"
.IX Header "LICENSE"
\&\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License 3 or (at your option) any later version.
.SH "LINKS"
.IX Header "LINKS"
.IP "Download: http://ranger.nongnu.org/ranger\-stable.tar.gz <http://ranger.nongnu.org/ranger-stable.tar.gz>" 4
.IX Item "Download: http://ranger.nongnu.org/ranger-stable.tar.gz <http://ranger.nongnu.org/ranger-stable.tar.gz>"
.PD 0
.IP "The project page: <http://ranger.nongnu.org/>" 4
.IX Item "The project page: <http://ranger.nongnu.org/>"
.IP "The mailing list: <http://savannah.nongnu.org/mail/?group=ranger>" 4
.IX Item "The mailing list: <http://savannah.nongnu.org/mail/?group=ranger>"
.PD
.PP
ranger is maintained with the git version control system.  To fetch a fresh
copy, run:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& git clone git://git.savannah.nongnu.org/ranger.git
.Ve
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIrifle\fR\|(1)
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
Report bugs here: <http://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?group=ranger>
.PP
Please include as much relevant information as possible.  For the most
diagnostic output, run ranger like this: \f(CW\*(C`PYTHONOPTIMIZE= ranger \-\-debug\*(C'\fR