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Ranger v.1.1.0
==============

Ranger is a free console file manager that gives you greater flexibility
and a good overview of your files without having to leave your *nix console.
It visualizes the directory tree in two dimensions: the directory hierarchy
on one, lists of files on the other, with a preview to the right so you know
where you'll be going.  The default keys are similar to those of Vim, Emacs
and Midnight Commander, though Ranger is easily controllable with just the
arrow keys or the mouse.

The program is written in Python (2.6 or 3.1) and uses curses for the
text-based user interface.


About
-----

* Author:          Roman Zimbelmann  <romanz@lavabit.com>
* Website:         http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/ranger
* License:         GNU General Public License Version 3
* Version:         1.1.0

* Download URL of the newest stable version:
http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/ranger.git/snapshot/ranger-stable.tar.gz

* Git Clone URL:
git clone http://git.sv.gnu.org/r/ranger.git


Features
--------

* Multi-column display (Miller Columns)
* Preview of the selected file/directory
* Common file operations (create/chmod/copy/delete/...)
* VIM-like console and hotkeys
* Automatically determine file types and run them with correct programs
* Change the directory of your shell after exiting ranger
* Tabs, Bookmarks, Mouse support


Dependencies
------------

* A *nix-like operating system
* Python 2.6 or Python 3.1 with the curses module

Optional:
* The "file" program
* A pager ("less" by default)


Getting Started
---------------

Ranger can be started without installing.  Just run the executable (in
a terminal.)  The switch "--clean" will prevent it from creating or
accessing configuration files.

Follow the instructions in the INSTALL file for installing ranger.

After starting ranger, you should see 4 columns. The third one is the main
column, the directory where you're currently at.  To the left you see the
parent directories and to the right there's a preview of the object you're
pointing at.  Now use the Arrow Keys to navigate, Enter to open a file
or type Q to quit.

To customize ranger, copy the files from ranger/defaults/ to ~/.ranger/
and modify them according to your wishes.


Troubleshooting, Getting Help
-----------------------------

If you encounter an error, try running ranger with --debug.  This will
sometimes display more detailed information about the error.  Also, try
deactivating optimization:

PYTHONOPTIMIZE="" ranger --debug

Report bugs on savannah:  (please include as much information as possible)
http://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?func=additem&group=ranger

Ask questions on the mailing list:
http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/ranger-users


Further Reading
---------------

Check the man page for information on common features and hotkeys.

The most detailed manual is accessible by pressing "?" from inside ranger.
It is also available at ranger/help/, contained in the *.py files.

The file ranger/defaults/keys.py contains all key combinations, so that's
another place you may want to check out.
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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<a href='https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/master/117write-int-hex.subx'>https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/master/117write-int-hex.subx</a>
<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span id="L1" class="LineNr">  1 </span><span class="subxComment"># Write out the (hex) textual representation of numbers.</span>
<span id="L2" class="LineNr">  2 </span>
<span id="L3" class="LineNr">  3 </span>== code
<span id="L4" class="LineNr">  4 </span><span class="subxComment">#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate</span>
<span id="L5" class="LineNr">  5 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32</span>
<span id="L6" class="LineNr">  6 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes</span>
<span id="L7" class="LineNr">  7 </span>
<span id="L8" class="LineNr">  8 </span><span class="subxComment"># convert the lowest nibble of eax to ascii and return it in the lowest byte of eax</span>
<span id="L9" class="LineNr">  9 </span><span class="subxFunction">to-hex-char</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># in/eax: int -&gt; out/eax: int</span>
<span id="L10" class="LineNr"> 10 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># no error checking; accepts argument in eax</span>
<span id="L11" class="LineNr"> 11 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># if (eax &lt;= 9) return eax + '0'</span>
<span id="L12" class="LineNr"> 12 </span>    3d/compare-eax-with  0x9/imm32/9
<span id="L13" class="LineNr"> 13 </span>    7f/jump-if-&gt;  $to-hex-char:else/disp8
<span id="L14" class="LineNr"> 14 </span>    05/add-to-eax  0x30/imm32/0
<span id="L15" class="LineNr"> 15 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L16" class="LineNr"> 16 </span><span class="Constant">$to-hex-char:else</span>:
<span id="L17" class="LineNr"> 17 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># otherwise return eax + 'a' - 10</span>
<span id="L18" class="LineNr"> 18 </span>    05/add-to-eax  0x57/imm32/a-10
<span id="L19" class="LineNr"> 19 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L20" class="LineNr"> 20 </span>
<span id="L21" class="LineNr"> 21 </span><span class="subxFunction">append-byte-hex</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># f: (addr stream byte), n: int</span>
<span id="L22" class="LineNr"> 22 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L23" class="LineNr"> 23 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L24" class="LineNr"> 24 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L25" class="LineNr"> 25 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L26" class="LineNr"> 26 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L27" class="LineNr"> 27 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># AL = convert upper nibble to hex</span>
<span id="L28" class="LineNr"> 28 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to eax</span>
<span id="L29" class="LineNr"> 29 </span>    c1/shift    5/subop/logic-right 3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm8            <span class="subxComment"># shift eax right by 4 bits, while padding zeroes</span>
<span id="L30" class="LineNr"> 30 </span>    25/and-eax  0xf/imm32
<span id="L31" class="LineNr"> 31 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . AL = to-hex-char(AL)</span>
<span id="L32" class="LineNr"> 32 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L9'>to-hex-char</a>/disp32
<span id="L33" class="LineNr"> 33 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># append-byte(f, AL)</span>
<span id="L34" class="LineNr"> 34 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L35" class="LineNr"> 35 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L36" class="LineNr"> 36 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L37" class="LineNr"> 37 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L38" class="LineNr"> 38 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L208'>append-byte</a>/disp32
<span id="L39" class="LineNr"> 39 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L40" class="LineNr"> 40 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L41" class="LineNr"> 41 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># AL = convert lower nibble to hex</span>
<span id="L42" class="LineNr"> 42 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to eax</span>
<span id="L43" class="LineNr"> 43 </span>    25/and-eax  0xf/imm32
<span id="L44" class="LineNr"> 44 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . AL = to-hex-char(AL)</span>
<span id="L45" class="LineNr"> 45 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L9'>to-hex-char</a>/disp32
<span id="L46" class="LineNr"> 46 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># append-byte(f, AL)</span>
<span id="L47" class="LineNr"> 47 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L48" class="LineNr"> 48 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L49" class="LineNr"> 49 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L50" class="LineNr"> 50 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L51" class="LineNr"> 51 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L208'>append-byte</a>/disp32
<span id="L52" class="LineNr"> 52 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L53" class="LineNr"> 53 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L54" class="LineNr"> 54 </span><span class="Constant">$append-byte-hex:end</span>:
<span id="L55" class="LineNr"> 55 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . restore registers</span>
<span id="L56" class="LineNr"> 56 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L57" class="LineNr"> 57 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L58" class="LineNr"> 58 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L59" class="LineNr"> 59 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L60" class="LineNr"> 60 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L61" class="LineNr"> 61 </span>
<span id="L62" class="LineNr"> 62 </span><span class="subxTest">test-append-byte-hex</span>:
<span id="L63" class="LineNr"> 63 </span>    <span class="subxH1Comment"># - check that append-byte-hex adds the hex textual representation</span>
<span id="L64" class="LineNr"> 64 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># setup</span>
<span id="L65" class="LineNr"> 65 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . clear-stream(_test-stream)</span>
<span id="L66" class="LineNr"> 66 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L67" class="LineNr"> 67 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L68" class="LineNr"> 68 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L69" class="LineNr"> 69 </span>    e8/call  <a href='106stream.subx.html#L17'>clear-stream</a>/disp32
<span id="L70" class="LineNr"> 70 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L71" class="LineNr"> 71 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L72" class="LineNr"> 72 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># append-byte-hex(_test-stream, 0xa)  # exercises digit, non-digit as well as leading zero</span>
<span id="L73" class="LineNr"> 73 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L74" class="LineNr"> 74 </span>    68/push  0xa/imm32
<span id="L75" class="LineNr"> 75 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L76" class="LineNr"> 76 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L77" class="LineNr"> 77 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L21'>append-byte-hex</a>/disp32
<span id="L78" class="LineNr"> 78 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L79" class="LineNr"> 79 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L80" class="LineNr"> 80 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check-stream-equal(_test-stream, &quot;0a&quot;, msg)</span>
<span id="L81" class="LineNr"> 81 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L82" class="LineNr"> 82 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - test-append-byte-hex&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L83" class="LineNr"> 83 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;0a&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L84" class="LineNr"> 84 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L85" class="LineNr"> 85 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L86" class="LineNr"> 86 </span>    e8/call  <a href='109stream-equal.subx.html#L194'>check-stream-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L87" class="LineNr"> 87 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L88" class="LineNr"> 88 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L89" class="LineNr"> 89 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . end</span>
<span id="L90" class="LineNr"> 90 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L91" class="LineNr"> 91 </span>
<span id="L92" class="LineNr"> 92 </span><span class="subxComment"># print the hex representation for the lowest byte of a number</span>
<span id="L93" class="LineNr"> 93 </span><span class="subxFunction">write-byte-hex-buffered</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># f: (addr buffered-file), n: int</span>
<span id="L94" class="LineNr"> 94 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L95" class="LineNr"> 95 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L96" class="LineNr"> 96 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L97" class="LineNr"> 97 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L98" class="LineNr"> 98 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L99" class="LineNr"> 99 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># AL = convert upper nibble to hex</span>
<span id="L100" class="LineNr">100 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to eax</span>
<span id="L101" class="LineNr">101 </span>    c1/shift    5/subop/logic-right 3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm8            <span class="subxComment"># shift eax right by 4 bits, while padding zeroes</span>
<span id="L102" class="LineNr">102 </span>    25/and-eax  0xf/imm32
<span id="L103" class="LineNr">103 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . AL = to-hex-char(AL)</span>
<span id="L104" class="LineNr">104 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L9'>to-hex-char</a>/disp32
<span id="L105" class="LineNr">105 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-byte-buffered(f, AL)</span>
<span id="L106" class="LineNr">106 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L107" class="LineNr">107 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L108" class="LineNr">108 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L109" class="LineNr">109 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L110" class="LineNr">110 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L33'>write-byte-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L111" class="LineNr">111 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L112" class="LineNr">112 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L113" class="LineNr">113 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># AL = convert lower nibble to hex</span>
<span id="L114" class="LineNr">114 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to eax</span>
<span id="L115" class="LineNr">115 </span>    25/and-eax  0xf/imm32
<span id="L116" class="LineNr">116 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . AL = to-hex-char(AL)</span>
<span id="L117" class="LineNr">117 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L9'>to-hex-char</a>/disp32
<span id="L118" class="LineNr">118 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-byte-buffered(f, AL)</span>
<span id="L119" class="LineNr">119 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L120" class="LineNr">120 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L121" class="LineNr">121 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L122" class="LineNr">122 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L123" class="LineNr">123 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L33'>write-byte-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L124" class="LineNr">124 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L125" class="LineNr">125 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L126" class="LineNr">126 </span><span class="Constant">$write-byte-hex-buffered:end</span>:
<span id="L127" class="LineNr">127 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . restore registers</span>
<span id="L128" class="LineNr">128 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L129" class="LineNr">129 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L130" class="LineNr">130 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L131" class="LineNr">131 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L132" class="LineNr">132 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L133" class="LineNr">133 </span>
<span id="L134" class="LineNr">134 </span><span class="subxTest">test-write-byte-hex-buffered</span>:
<span id="L135" class="LineNr">135 </span>    <span class="subxH1Comment"># - check that write-byte-hex-buffered prints the hex textual representation</span>
<span id="L136" class="LineNr">136 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># setup</span>
<span id="L137" class="LineNr">137 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . clear-stream(_test-stream)</span>
<span id="L138" class="LineNr">138 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L139" class="LineNr">139 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L140" class="LineNr">140 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L141" class="LineNr">141 </span>    e8/call  <a href='106stream.subx.html#L17'>clear-stream</a>/disp32
<span id="L142" class="LineNr">142 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L143" class="LineNr">143 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L144" class="LineNr">144 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . clear-stream($_test-buffered-file-&gt;buffer)</span>
<span id="L145" class="LineNr">145 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L146" class="LineNr">146 </span>    68/push  $_test-buffered-file-&gt;buffer/imm32
<span id="L147" class="LineNr">147 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L148" class="LineNr">148 </span>    e8/call  <a href='106stream.subx.html#L17'>clear-stream</a>/disp32
<span id="L149" class="LineNr">149 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L150" class="LineNr">150 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L151" class="LineNr">151 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-byte-hex-buffered(_test-buffered-file, 0xa)  # exercises digit, non-digit as well as leading zero</span>
<span id="L152" class="LineNr">152 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L153" class="LineNr">153 </span>    68/push  0xa/imm32
<span id="L154" class="LineNr">154 </span>    68/push  <a href='112read-byte.subx.html#L318'>_test-buffered-file</a>/imm32
<span id="L155" class="LineNr">155 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L156" class="LineNr">156 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L93'>write-byte-hex-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L157" class="LineNr">157 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L158" class="LineNr">158 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L159" class="LineNr">159 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># flush(_test-buffered-file)</span>
<span id="L160" class="LineNr">160 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L161" class="LineNr">161 </span>    68/push  <a href='112read-byte.subx.html#L318'>_test-buffered-file</a>/imm32
<span id="L162" class="LineNr">162 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L163" class="LineNr">163 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L81'>flush</a>/disp32
<span id="L164" class="LineNr">164 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L165" class="LineNr">165 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L166" class="LineNr">166 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check-stream-equal(_test-stream, &quot;0a&quot;, msg)</span>
<span id="L167" class="LineNr">167 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L168" class="LineNr">168 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - test-write-byte-hex-buffered&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L169" class="LineNr">169 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;0a&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L170" class="LineNr">170 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L171" class="LineNr">171 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L172" class="LineNr">172 </span>    e8/call  <a href='109stream-equal.subx.html#L194'>check-stream-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L173" class="LineNr">173 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L174" class="LineNr">174 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L175" class="LineNr">175 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . end</span>
<span id="L176" class="LineNr">176 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L177" class="LineNr">177 </span>
<span id="L178" class="LineNr">178 </span><span class="subxFunction">write-int32-hex</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># f: (addr stream byte), n: int</span>
<span id="L179" class="LineNr">179 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L180" class="LineNr">180 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L181" class="LineNr">181 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L182" class="LineNr">182 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex:hex-prefix</span>:
<span id="L183" class="LineNr">183 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write(f, &quot;0x&quot;)</span>
<span id="L184" class="LineNr">184 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L185" class="LineNr">185 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;0x&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L186" class="LineNr">186 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L187" class="LineNr">187 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L188" class="LineNr">188 </span>    e8/call  <a href='108write.subx.html#L24'>write</a>/disp32
<span id="L189" class="LineNr">189 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L190" class="LineNr">190 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L191" class="LineNr">191 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex:rest</span>:
<span id="L192" class="LineNr">192 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-int32-hex-bits(f, n, 32)</span>
<span id="L193" class="LineNr">193 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L194" class="LineNr">194 </span>    68/push  0x20/imm32
<span id="L195" class="LineNr">195 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+12)</span>
<span id="L196" class="LineNr">196 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L197" class="LineNr">197 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L198" class="LineNr">198 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L209'>write-int32-hex-bits</a>/disp32
<span id="L199" class="LineNr">199 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L200" class="LineNr">200 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L201" class="LineNr">201 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex:end</span>:
<span id="L202" class="LineNr">202 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L203" class="LineNr">203 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L204" class="LineNr">204 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L205" class="LineNr">205 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L206" class="LineNr">206 </span>
<span id="L207" class="LineNr">207 </span><span class="subxComment"># print rightmost 'bits' of 'n'</span>
<span id="L208" class="LineNr">208 </span><span class="subxComment"># bits must be multiple of 4</span>
<span id="L209" class="LineNr">209 </span><span class="subxFunction">write-int32-hex-bits</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># f: (addr stream byte), n: int, bits: int</span>
<span id="L210" class="LineNr">210 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># pseudocode:</span>
<span id="L211" class="LineNr">211 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#  bits -= 4</span>
<span id="L212" class="LineNr">212 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#  while true</span>
<span id="L213" class="LineNr">213 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    if (bits &lt; 0) break</span>
<span id="L214" class="LineNr">214 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    eax = n &gt;&gt; bits</span>
<span id="L215" class="LineNr">215 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    eax = eax &amp; 0xf</span>
<span id="L216" class="LineNr">216 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    append-byte(f, AL)</span>
<span id="L217" class="LineNr">217 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    bits -= 4</span>
<span id="L218" class="LineNr">218 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L219" class="LineNr">219 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L220" class="LineNr">220 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L221" class="LineNr">221 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L222" class="LineNr">222 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L223" class="LineNr">223 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L224" class="LineNr">224 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L225" class="LineNr">225 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># ecx = bits-4</span>
<span id="L226" class="LineNr">226 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          1/r32/ecx   0x10/disp8     <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+16) to ecx</span>
<span id="L227" class="LineNr">227 </span>    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># subtract from ecx</span>
<span id="L228" class="LineNr">228 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex-bits:loop</span>:
<span id="L229" class="LineNr">229 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># if (bits &lt; 0) break</span>
<span id="L230" class="LineNr">230 </span>    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># compare ecx</span>
<span id="L231" class="LineNr">231 </span>    7c/jump-if-&lt;  $write-int32-hex-bits:end/disp8
<span id="L232" class="LineNr">232 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># eax = n &gt;&gt; bits</span>
<span id="L233" class="LineNr">233 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to eax</span>
<span id="L234" class="LineNr">234 </span>    d3/&gt;&gt;ecx    5/subop/pad-zeroes  3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># shift eax right by ecx bits, padding zeroes</span>
<span id="L235" class="LineNr">235 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># eax = to-hex-char(AL)</span>
<span id="L236" class="LineNr">236 </span>    25/and-eax  0xf/imm32
<span id="L237" class="LineNr">237 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L9'>to-hex-char</a>/disp32
<span id="L238" class="LineNr">238 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># append-byte(f, AL)</span>
<span id="L239" class="LineNr">239 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L240" class="LineNr">240 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L241" class="LineNr">241 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L242" class="LineNr">242 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L243" class="LineNr">243 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L208'>append-byte</a>/disp32
<span id="L244" class="LineNr">244 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L245" class="LineNr">245 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L246" class="LineNr">246 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># bits -= 4</span>
<span id="L247" class="LineNr">247 </span>    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># subtract from ecx</span>
<span id="L248" class="LineNr">248 </span>    eb/jump  $write-int32-hex-bits:<span class="Constant">loop</span>/disp8
<span id="L249" class="LineNr">249 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex-bits:end</span>:
<span id="L250" class="LineNr">250 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . restore registers</span>
<span id="L251" class="LineNr">251 </span>    59/pop-to-ecx
<span id="L252" class="LineNr">252 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L253" class="LineNr">253 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L254" class="LineNr">254 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L255" class="LineNr">255 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L256" class="LineNr">256 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L257" class="LineNr">257 </span>
<span id="L258" class="LineNr">258 </span><span class="subxTest">test-write-int32-hex</span>:
<span id="L259" class="LineNr">259 </span>    <span class="subxH1Comment"># - check that write-int32-hex prints the hex textual representation</span>
<span id="L260" class="LineNr">260 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># setup</span>
<span id="L261" class="LineNr">261 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . clear-stream(_test-stream)</span>
<span id="L262" class="LineNr">262 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L263" class="LineNr">263 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L264" class="LineNr">264 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L265" class="LineNr">265 </span>    e8/call  <a href='106stream.subx.html#L17'>clear-stream</a>/disp32
<span id="L266" class="LineNr">266 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L267" class="LineNr">267 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L268" class="LineNr">268 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-int32-hex(_test-stream, 0x8899aa)</span>
<span id="L269" class="LineNr">269 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L270" class="LineNr">270 </span>    68/push  0x8899aa/imm32
<span id="L271" class="LineNr">271 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L272" class="LineNr">272 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L273" class="LineNr">273 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L178'>write-int32-hex</a>/disp32
<span id="L274" class="LineNr">274 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L275" class="LineNr">275 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L276" class="LineNr">276 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check-stream-equal(_test-stream, &quot;0x008899aa&quot;, msg)</span>
<span id="L277" class="LineNr">277 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L278" class="LineNr">278 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - test-write-int32-hex&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L279" class="LineNr">279 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;0x008899aa&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L280" class="LineNr">280 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L281" class="LineNr">281 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L282" class="LineNr">282 </span>    e8/call  <a href='109stream-equal.subx.html#L194'>check-stream-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L283" class="LineNr">283 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L284" class="LineNr">284 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L285" class="LineNr">285 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . end</span>
<span id="L286" class="LineNr">286 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L287" class="LineNr">287 </span>
<span id="L288" class="LineNr">288 </span><span class="subxFunction">write-int32-hex-buffered</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># f: (addr buffered-file), n: int</span>
<span id="L289" class="LineNr">289 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L290" class="LineNr">290 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L291" class="LineNr">291 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L292" class="LineNr">292 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex-buffered:hex-prefix</span>:
<span id="L293" class="LineNr">293 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-buffered(f, &quot;0x&quot;)</span>
<span id="L294" class="LineNr">294 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L295" class="LineNr">295 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;0x&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L296" class="LineNr">296 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L297" class="LineNr">297 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L298" class="LineNr">298 </span>    e8/call  <a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L8'>write-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L299" class="LineNr">299 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L300" class="LineNr">300 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L301" class="LineNr">301 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex-buffered:rest</span>:
<span id="L302" class="LineNr">302 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-int32-hex-bits-buffered(f, n, 32)</span>
<span id="L303" class="LineNr">303 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L304" class="LineNr">304 </span>    68/push  0x20/imm32
<span id="L305" class="LineNr">305 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+12)</span>
<span id="L306" class="LineNr">306 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L307" class="LineNr">307 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L308" class="LineNr">308 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L319'>write-int32-hex-bits-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L309" class="LineNr">309 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L310" class="LineNr">310 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L311" class="LineNr">311 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex-buffered:end</span>:
<span id="L312" class="LineNr">312 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L313" class="LineNr">313 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L314" class="LineNr">314 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L315" class="LineNr">315 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L316" class="LineNr">316 </span>
<span id="L317" class="LineNr">317 </span><span class="subxComment"># print rightmost 'bits' of 'n'</span>
<span id="L318" class="LineNr">318 </span><span class="subxComment"># bits must be multiple of 4</span>
<span id="L319" class="LineNr">319 </span><span class="subxFunction">write-int32-hex-bits-buffered</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># f: (addr buffered-file), n: int, bits: int</span>
<span id="L320" class="LineNr">320 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># pseudocode:</span>
<span id="L321" class="LineNr">321 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#  bits -= 4</span>
<span id="L322" class="LineNr">322 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#  while true</span>
<span id="L323" class="LineNr">323 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    if (bits &lt; 0) break</span>
<span id="L324" class="LineNr">324 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    eax = n &gt;&gt; bits</span>
<span id="L325" class="LineNr">325 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    eax = eax &amp; 0xf</span>
<span id="L326" class="LineNr">326 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    write-byte-buffered(f, AL)</span>
<span id="L327" class="LineNr">327 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#    bits -= 4</span>
<span id="L328" class="LineNr">328 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L329" class="LineNr">329 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L330" class="LineNr">330 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L331" class="LineNr">331 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L332" class="LineNr">332 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L333" class="LineNr">333 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L334" class="LineNr">334 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L335" class="LineNr">335 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># ecx = bits-4</span>
<span id="L336" class="LineNr">336 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          1/r32/ecx   0x10/disp8     <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+16) to ecx</span>
<span id="L337" class="LineNr">337 </span>    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># subtract from ecx</span>
<span id="L338" class="LineNr">338 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex-bits-buffered:loop</span>:
<span id="L339" class="LineNr">339 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># if (bits &lt; 0) break</span>
<span id="L340" class="LineNr">340 </span>    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># compare ecx</span>
<span id="L341" class="LineNr">341 </span>    7c/jump-if-&lt;  $write-int32-hex-bits-buffered:end/disp8
<span id="L342" class="LineNr">342 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># eax = n &gt;&gt; bits</span>
<span id="L343" class="LineNr">343 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to eax</span>
<span id="L344" class="LineNr">344 </span>    d3/&gt;&gt;ecx    5/subop/pad-zeroes  3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># shift eax right by ecx bits, padding zeroes</span>
<span id="L345" class="LineNr">345 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># eax = to-hex-char(AL)</span>
<span id="L346" class="LineNr">346 </span>    25/and-eax  0xf/imm32
<span id="L347" class="LineNr">347 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L9'>to-hex-char</a>/disp32
<span id="L348" class="LineNr">348 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-byte-buffered(f, AL)</span>
<span id="L349" class="LineNr">349 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L350" class="LineNr">350 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L351" class="LineNr">351 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L352" class="LineNr">352 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L353" class="LineNr">353 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L33'>write-byte-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L354" class="LineNr">354 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L355" class="LineNr">355 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L356" class="LineNr">356 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># bits -= 4</span>
<span id="L357" class="LineNr">357 </span>    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># subtract from ecx</span>
<span id="L358" class="LineNr">358 </span>    eb/jump  $write-int32-hex-bits-buffered:<span class="Constant">loop</span>/disp8
<span id="L359" class="LineNr">359 </span><span class="Constant">$write-int32-hex-bits-buffered:end</span>:
<span id="L360" class="LineNr">360 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . restore registers</span>
<span id="L361" class="LineNr">361 </span>    59/pop-to-ecx
<span id="L362" class="LineNr">362 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L363" class="LineNr">363 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L364" class="LineNr">364 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L365" class="LineNr">365 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L366" class="LineNr">366 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L367" class="LineNr">367 </span>
<span id="L368" class="LineNr">368 </span><span class="subxTest">test-write-int32-hex-buffered</span>:
<span id="L369" class="LineNr">369 </span>    <span class="subxH1Comment"># - check that write-int32-hex-buffered prints the hex textual representation</span>
<span id="L370" class="LineNr">370 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># setup</span>
<span id="L371" class="LineNr">371 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . clear-stream(_test-stream)</span>
<span id="L372" class="LineNr">372 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L373" class="LineNr">373 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L374" class="LineNr">374 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L375" class="LineNr">375 </span>    e8/call  <a href='106stream.subx.html#L17'>clear-stream</a>/disp32
<span id="L376" class="LineNr">376 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L377" class="LineNr">377 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L378" class="LineNr">378 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . clear-stream($_test-buffered-file-&gt;buffer)</span>
<span id="L379" class="LineNr">379 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L380" class="LineNr">380 </span>    68/push  $_test-buffered-file-&gt;buffer/imm32
<span id="L381" class="LineNr">381 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L382" class="LineNr">382 </span>    e8/call  <a href='106stream.subx.html#L17'>clear-stream</a>/disp32
<span id="L383" class="LineNr">383 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L384" class="LineNr">384 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L385" class="LineNr">385 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-int32-hex-buffered(_test-buffered-file, 0x8899aa)</span>
<span id="L386" class="LineNr">386 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L387" class="LineNr">387 </span>    68/push  0x8899aa/imm32
<span id="L388" class="LineNr">388 </span>    68/push  <a href='112read-byte.subx.html#L318'>_test-buffered-file</a>/imm32
<span id="L389" class="LineNr">389 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L390" class="LineNr">390 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L288'>write-int32-hex-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L391" class="LineNr">391 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L392" class="LineNr">392 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L393" class="LineNr">393 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># flush(_test-buffered-file)</span>
<span id="L394" class="LineNr">394 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L395" class="LineNr">395 </span>    68/push  <a href='112read-byte.subx.html#L318'>_test-buffered-file</a>/imm32
<span id="L396" class="LineNr">396 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L397" class="LineNr">397 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L81'>flush</a>/disp32
<span id="L398" class="LineNr">398 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L399" class="LineNr">399 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L400" class="Folded">400 </span><span class="Folded">+-- 18 lines: #?     # dump line -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span id="L418" class="LineNr">418 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check-stream-equal(_test-stream, &quot;0x008899aa&quot;, msg)</span>
<span id="L419" class="LineNr">419 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L420" class="LineNr">420 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - test-write-int32-hex-buffered&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L421" class="LineNr">421 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;0x008899aa&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L422" class="LineNr">422 </span>    68/push  <a href='108write.subx.html#L151'>_test-stream</a>/imm32
<span id="L423" class="LineNr">423 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L424" class="LineNr">424 </span>    e8/call  <a href='109stream-equal.subx.html#L194'>check-stream-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L425" class="LineNr">425 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L426" class="LineNr">426 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L427" class="LineNr">427 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . end</span>
<span id="L428" class="LineNr">428 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L429" class="LineNr">429 </span>
<span id="L430" class="LineNr">430 </span><span class="subxS2Comment"># . . vim&#0058;nowrap:textwidth=0</span>
</pre>
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