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diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 2470add..09ebe56 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ <li><a href="https://git.andrewyu.org/">Git Repositories</a></li> <li><a href="https://evosaur.andrewyu.org/">The Evosaur Project</a></li> <li><a href="/school/">School Stuff Hub</a></li> - <li><a href="/other-articles/">Articles by Other People I Find Worth Sharing</a></li> + <li><a href="/other-articles/">Articles by Others I Find Worth Sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/buffer.html">Random Buffer Webpage</a></li> <li style="font-size: 50%;"><a href="https://users.andrewyu.org/~luk/andrew-leak.mp4">(Don't click here)</a></li> </ul> diff --git a/other-articles/custodians-online.html b/other-articles/custodians-online.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b02031 --- /dev/null +++ b/other-articles/custodians-online.html @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> + <head> + <title><++></title> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="/plain.css" /> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /> + </head> + <body> + + + <h1>In solidarity with <a href="http://libgen.io">Library Genesis</a> and <a href="http://sci-hub.io">Sci-Hub</a></h1> + <p>By <a href="mailto:little.prince@custodians.online">little.prince@custodians.online</a></p> + + <p>In Antoine de Saint Exupéry's tale the Little Prince meets a businessman who accumulates stars with the sole purpose of being able to buy more stars. The Little Prince is perplexed. He owns only a flower, which he waters every day. Three volcanoes, which he cleans every week. <span class="quote">"It is of some use to my volcanoes, and it is of some use to my flower, that I own them,"</span> he says, <span class="quote">"but you are of no use to the stars that you own"</span>.</p> + + <p>There are many businessmen who own knowledge today. Consider Elsevier, the largest scholarly publisher, whose 37% profit margin<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-1"><a href="#fn-1">1</a></sup> stands in sharp contrast to the rising fees, expanding student loan debt and poverty-level wages for adjunct faculty. Elsevier owns some of the largest databases of academic material, which are licensed at prices so scandalously high that even Harvard, the richest university of the global north, has complained that it cannot afford them any longer. Robert Darnton, the past director of Harvard Library, says <span class="quote">"We faculty do the research, write the papers, referee papers by other researchers, serve on editorial boards, all of it for free … and then we buy back the results of our labour at outrageous prices."</span><sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-2"><a href="#fn-2">2</a></sup> For all the work supported by public money benefiting scholarly publishers, particularly the peer review that grounds their legitimacy, journal articles are priced such that they prohibit access to science to many academics - and all non-academics - across the world, and render it a token of privilege.<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-3"><a href="#fn-3">3</a></sup></p> + + <p>Elsevier has recently filed a copyright infringement suit in New York against Science Hub and Library Genesis claiming millions of dollars in damages.<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-4"><a href="#fn-4">4</a></sup> This has come as a big blow, not just to the administrators of the websites but also to thousands of researchers around the world for whom these sites are the only viable source of academic materials. The social media, mailing lists and IRC channels have been filled with their distress messages, desperately seeking articles and publications.</p> + + <p>Even as the New York District Court was delivering its injunction, news came of the entire editorial board of highly-esteemed journal Lingua handing in their collective resignation, citing as their reason the refusal by Elsevier to go open access and give up on the high fees it charges to authors and their academic institutions. As we write these lines, a petition is doing the rounds demanding that Taylor & Francis doesn't shut down Ashgate<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-5"><a href="#fn-5">5</a></sup>, a formerly independent humanities publisher that it acquired earlier in 2015. It is threatened to go the way of other small publishers that are being rolled over by the growing monopoly and concentration in the publishing market. These are just some of the signs that the system is broken. It devalues us, authors, editors and readers alike. It parasites on our labor, it thwarts our service to the public, it denies us access<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-6"><a href="#fn-6">6</a></sup>.</p> + + <p>We have the means and methods to make knowledge accessible to everyone, with no economic barrier to access and at a much lower cost to society. But closed access’s monopoly over academic publishing, its spectacular profits and its central role in the allocation of academic prestige trump the public interest. Commercial publishers effectively impede open access, criminalize us, prosecute our heroes and heroines, and destroy our libraries, again and again. Before Science Hub and Library Genesis there was Library.nu or Gigapedia; before Gigapedia there was textz.com; before textz.com there was little; and before there was little there was nothing. That's what they want: to reduce most of us back to nothing. And they have the full support of the courts and law to do exactly that.<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-7"><a href="#fn-7">7</a></sup></p> + + <p>In Elsevier's case against Sci-Hub and Library Genesis, the judge said: <span class="quote">"simply making copyrighted content available for free via a foreign website, disserves the public interest"</span><sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-8"><a href="#fn-8">8</a></sup>. Alexandra Elbakyan's original plea put the stakes much higher: <span class="quote">"If Elsevier manages to shut down our projects or force them into the darknet, that will demonstrate an important idea: that the public does not have the right to knowledge."</span></p> + + <p>We demonstrate daily, and on a massive scale, that the system is broken. We share our writing secretly behind the backs of our publishers, circumvent paywalls to access articles and publications, digitize and upload books to libraries. This is the other side of 37% profit margins: our knowledge commons grows in the fault lines of a broken system. We are all custodians of knowledge, custodians of the same infrastructures that we depend on for producing knowledge, custodians of our fertile but fragile commons. To be a custodian is, de facto, to download, to share, to read, to write, to review, to edit, to digitize, to archive, to maintain libraries, to make them accessible. It is to be of use to, not to make property of, our knowledge commons.</p> + + <p>More than seven years ago Aaron Swartz, who spared no risk in standing up for what we here urge you to stand up for too, wrote: <span class="quote">"We need to take information, wherever it is stored, make our copies and share them with the world. We need to take stuff that's out of copyright and add it to the archive. We need to buy secret databases and put them on the Web. We need to download scientific journals and upload them to file sharing networks. We need to fight for Guerilla Open Access. With enough of us, around the world, we'll not just send a strong message opposing the privatization of knowledge — we'll make it a thing of the past. Will you join us?"</span><sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-9"><a href="#fn-9">9</a></sup></p> + + <p>We find ourselves at a decisive moment. This is the time to recognize that the very existence of our massive knowledge commons is an act of collective civil disobedience. It is the time to emerge from hiding and put our names behind this act of resistance. You may feel isolated, but there are many of us. The anger, desperation and fear of losing our library infrastructures, voiced across the internet, tell us that. This is the time for us custodians, being dogs, humans or cyborgs, with our names, nicknames and pseudonyms, to raise our voices.</p> + + <p class="share">Share this letter - read it in public - leave it in the printer. Share your writing - digitize a book - upload your files. Don't let our knowledge be crushed. Care for the libraries - care for the metadata - care for the backup. Water the flowers - clean the volcanoes.</p> + + <p class="date">30 November 2015</p> + <p class="sig">Dušan Barok, Josephine Berry, Bodó Balázs, Sean Dockray, Kenneth Goldsmith, Anthony Iles, Lawrence Liang, Sebastian Lütgert, Pauline van Mourik Broekman, Marcell Mars, spideralex, Tomislav Medak, Dubravka Sekulić, Femke Snelting...</p> + <hr> + <div class="footnotes"> + <ol> + <li id="fn-1"> + Larivière, Vincent, Stefanie Haustein, and Philippe Mongeon. “<a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127502">The Oligopoly of Academic Publishers in the Digital Era.</a>” PLoS ONE 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2015): e0127502. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127502., <br>“<a href="http://svpow.com/2012/01/13/the-obscene-profits-of-commercial-scholarly-publishers/">The Obscene Profits of Commercial Scholarly Publishers.</a>” svpow.com. Accessed November 30, 2015. <a href="#fnref-1" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 1 in the text.">↩</a> + </li> + + <li id="fn-2"> + Sample, Ian. “<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/apr/24/harvard-university-journal-publishers-prices">Harvard University Says It Can’t Afford Journal Publishers’ Prices.</a>” The Guardian, April 24, 2012, sec. Science. theguardian.com. <a href="#fnref-2" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 2 in the text.">↩</a> + </li> + + <li id="fn-3"> + “<a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/10/20121017558785551.html">Academic Paywalls Mean Publish and Perish - Al Jazeera English.</a>” Accessed November 30, 2015. aljazeera.com. <a href="#fnref-3" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 3 in the text.">↩</a> + </li> + + <li id="fn-4"> + “<a href="https://torrentfreak.com/sci-hub-tears-down-academias-illegal-copyright-paywalls-150627/">Sci-Hub Tears Down Academia’s ‘Illegal’ Copyright Paywalls.</a>” TorrentFreak. Accessed November 30, 2015. torrentfreak.com. <a href="#fnref-4" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 4 in the text.">↩</a> + </li> + + <li id="fn-5"> + “<a href="https://www.change.org/p/save-ashgate-publishing">Save Ashgate Publishing.</a>” Change.org. Accessed November 30, 2015. change.org. <a href="#fnref-5" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 5 in the text.">↩</a> + </li> + + <li id="fn-6"> + “<a href="http://thecostofknowledge.com/">The Cost of Knowledge.</a>” Accessed November 30, 2015. thecostofknowledge.com. <a href="#fnref-6" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 6 in the text.">↩</a> + </li> + + <li id="fn-7"> + <span class="foot-no-link">In fact, with the TPP and TTIP being rushed through the legislative process, no domain registrar, ISP provider, host or human rights organization will be able to prevent copyright industries and courts from criminalizing and shutting down websites "expeditiously". <a href="#fnref-7" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 7 in the text.">↩</a></span> + </li> + + <li id="fn-8"> + “<a href="https://torrentfreak.com/court-orders-shutdown-of-libgen-bookfi-and-sci-hub-151102/">Court Orders Shutdown of Libgen, Bookfi and Sci-Hub.</a>” TorrentFreak. Accessed November 30, 2015. torrentfreak.com. <a href="#fnref-8" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 8 in the text.">↩</a> + </li> + + <li id="fn-9"> + “<a href="https://archive.org/stream/GuerillaOpenAccessManifesto/Goamjuly2008_djvu.txt">Guerilla Open Access Manifesto.</a>” Internet Archive. Accessed November 30, 2015. archive.org. <a href="#fnref-9" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 9 in the text.">↩</a> + </li> + </ol> + </div> + <div id="footer"> + <hr /> + <p><a href="/">Andrew Yu's Website</a></p> + </div> + </body> +</html> diff --git a/other-articles/guerilla.txt b/other-articles/guerilla.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97e8404 --- /dev/null +++ b/other-articles/guerilla.txt @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Guerilla Open Access Manifesto + +Information is power. But like all power, there are those who want to keep it for themselves. The world's entire scientific and cultural heritage, published over centuries in books and journals, is increasingly being digitized and locked up by a handful of private corporations. Want to read the papers featuring the most famous results of the sciences? You'll need to send enormous amounts to publishers like Reed Elsevier. + +There are those struggling to change this. The Open Access Movement has fought valiantly to ensure that scientists do not sign their copyrights away but instead ensure their work is published on the Internet, under terms that allow anyone to access it. But even under the best scenarios, their work will only apply to things published in the future. Everything up until now will have been lost. + +That is too high a price to pay. Forcing academics to pay money to read the work of their colleagues? Scanning entire libraries but only allowing the folks at Google to read them? Providing scientific articles to those at elite universities in the First World, but not to children in the Global South? It's outrageous and unacceptable. + +"I agree," many say, "but what can we do? The companies hold the copyrights, they make enormous amounts of money by charging for access, and it's perfectly legal — there's nothing we can do to stop them." But there is something we can, something that's already being done: we can fight back. + +Those with access to these resources — students, librarians, scientists — you have been given a privilege. You get to feed at this banquet of knowledge while the rest of the world is locked out. But you need not — indeed, morally, you cannot — keep this privilege for yourselves. You have a duty to share it with the world. And you have: trading passwords with colleagues, filling download requests for friends. + +Meanwhile, those who have been locked out are not standing idly by. You have been sneaking through holes and climbing over fences, liberating the information locked up by the publishers and sharing them with your friends. + +But all of this action goes on in the dark, hidden underground. It's called stealing or piracy, as if sharing a wealth of knowledge were the moral equivalent of plundering a ship and murdering its crew. But sharing isn't immoral — it's a moral imperative. Only those blinded by greed would refuse to let a friend make a copy. + +Large corporations, of course, are blinded by greed. The laws under which they operate require it — their shareholders would revolt at anything less. And the politicians they have bought off back them, passing laws giving them the exclusive power to decide who can make copies. + +There is no justice in following unjust laws. It's time to come into the light and, in the grand tradition of civil disobedience, declare our opposition to this private theft of public culture. + +We need to take information, wherever it is stored, make our copies and share them with the world. We need to take stuff that's out of copyright and add it to the archive. We need to buy secret databases and put them on the Web. We need to download scientific journals and upload them to file sharing networks. We need to fight for Guerilla Open Access. + +With enough of us, around the world, we'll not just send a strong message opposing the privatization of knowledge — we'll make it a thing of the past. Will you join us? + +Aaron Swartz + +July 2008, Eremo, Italy diff --git a/other-articles/index.html b/other-articles/index.html index 124ec05..f9e7ef2 100644 --- a/other-articles/index.html +++ b/other-articles/index.html @@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ <body class="indent"> <h1>Articles by Others that Andrew Yu Finds Worth Sharing</h1> <ul> + <li><a href="intellectual-property.html">Intellectual Property</a></li> + <li><a href="custodians-online.html">In Solidarity with Library Genesis and Sci-Hub</a></li> + </ul> + <ul> <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">Surveillance vs Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jan/19/america-biden-trump-authoritarinism">Authoritarinism in the US</a></li> <li><a href="https://stallman.org/articles/companies-snoop-on-students.html">Many governments invite schools to invite companies to snoop on students</a></li> diff --git a/other-articles/intellectual-property.html b/other-articles/intellectual-property.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..778270b --- /dev/null +++ b/other-articles/intellectual-property.html @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +<p>This article was taken from <a href="https://textz.com/">textz.com</a>. It is in the public domain.</p> + +<p> +``I advise you to settle the matter in a friendly way.'' +</p> + +<p> +``Indeed, I was thinking myself that would be best. She’s a woman, after all. Women have no souls, says Mohammed, with good reason. To forgive would be more humane, too, more Goethe-like.'' +</p> + +<p> +``Certainly. And then you wouldn’t have to give up the recitation evening, either, which would otherwise be lost, after all.'' +</p> + +<p> +``But what should I do now?'' +</p> + +<p> +``Go to them tomorrow and say that this one time you are willing to assume it was unconscious influence.'' +</p> + +<p> +``That’s very good. That’s just what I’ll do.'' +</p> + +<p> +``But because of this you needn’t give up your revenge, either. Simply have the essay published somewhere else and then send it to Mrs. Durège with a nice dedication.'' +</p> + +<p> +``That will be the best punishment. I’ll have it published in the Deutsces Abendblatt. They’ll take it; I’m not worried about that. I’ll just not ask for any payment.'' +</p> + +<p> +Then we speak about his talent as an actor, I am of the opinion that he should really have training. ``Yes, you’re right about that. But where? Do you perhaps know where it can be studied?'' I say: ``That’s difficult. I really don’t know.'' He: ``That doesn’t really matter. I’ll ask Kisch. He’s a journalist and has a lot of connections. He’ll be able to give me good advice. I’ll just telephone him, spare him and myself the trip, and get all the information.'' +</p> + +<p> +``And about Mrs. Durège, you’ll do what I advised you to?'' +</p> + +<p> +``Yes, but I forgot; what did you advise me to do?'' I repeat my advice. +</p> + +``Good, that’s what I’ll do.'' He turns into the Café Corso, I go home, having experienced how refreshing it is to speak with a perfect fool. I hardly laughed, but was just thoroughly awakened. + +<hr /> + +<h1>Intellectual Property</h1> +<p>by Franz Kafka</p> +<p>28 January 1912</p> + +<p> +Sunday morning, while washing, it occurs to him that he hadn’t seen the Tagblatt yet. He opens it by chance just at the first page of the magazine section. The title of the first essay, ``The Child as Creator,'' strikes him. He reads the first few lines—and begins to cry with joy. It is his essay, word for word his essay. So for the first time he is in print, he runs to his mother and tells her. What joy! The old woman, she has diabetes and is divorced from his father, who, by the way, is in the right, is so proud. One son is already a virtuoso, now the other is becoming an author! +</p> +<p> +After the first excitement he thinks the matter over. How did the essay get into the paper? Without his consent? Without the name of the author? Without his being paid a fee? This is really a breach of faith, a fraud. This Mrs. Durège is really a devil. And women have no souls, says Mohammed (often repeated). It’s really easy to see how the plagiarism came about. Here was a beautiful essay, it’s not easy to come across one like it. So Mrs. D. therefore went to the Tagblatt, sat down with one of the editors, both of them overjoyed, and now they begin to rewrite it. Of course, it had to be rewritten, for in the first place the plagiarism should not be obvious at first sight and in the second place the thirty-two-page essay was too long for the paper. +</p> +<p> +In reply to my question whether he would not show me passages which correspond, because that would interest me especially and because only then could I advise him what to do, he begins to read his essay, turns to another passage, leafs through it without finding anything, and finally says that everything was copied. Here, for instance, the paper says: The soul of the child is an unwritten page, and ``unwritten page'' occurs in his essay too. Or the expression ``surnamed'' is copied too, because how else could they hit upon ``surnamed.'' But he can’t compare individual passages. Of course, everything was copied, but in a disguised way, in a different sequence, abridged, and with small, foreign interpolations. +</p> +<p> +I read aloud a few of the more striking passages from the paper. Is that in the essay? No. This? No. This? No. Yes, but these are just the interpolated passages. In its spirit, the whole thing, the whole thing, is copied. But proving it, I am afraid, will be difficult. He’ll prove it, all right, with the help of a clever lawyer, that’s what lawyers are for, after all. (He looks forward to this proof as an entirely new task, completely separate from this affair, and is proud of his confidence that he will be able to accomplish it.) +</p> +<p> +That it is his essay, moreover, can be seen from the very fact that it was printed within two days. Usually it takes six weeks at the very least before a piece that is accepted is printed. But here speed was necessary, of course, so that he would not be able to interfere. That’s why two days were enough. +</p> +<p> +Besides, the newspaper essay is called ``The Child as Creator.'' That clearly refers to him, and besides, it is sarcasm. By ``child'' they really mean him, because he used to be regarded as a ``child,'' as ``dumb'' (he really was so only during his military service, he served a year and a half), and they now mean to say with this title that he, a child, had accomplished something as good as this essay, that he had therefore proved himself as a creator, but at the same time remained dumb and a child in that he let himself be cheated like this. The child who is referred to in the original essay is a cousin from the country who is at present living with his mother. +</p> +<p> +But the plagiarism is proved especially convincingly by a circumstance which he hit upon only after a considerable amount of deliberation: ``The Child as Creator'' is on the first page of the magazine section, but on the third there is a little story by a certain ``Feldstein'' woman. The name is obviously a pseudonym. Now one needn’t read all of this story, a glance at the first few lines is enough to show one immediately that this is an unashamed imitation of Lagerlöf. The whole story makes it even clearer. What does this mean? This means that this Feldstein or whatever her name is, is the Durège woman’s tool, that she read the Gutsgeschichte, brought by him to the Durège woman, at her house, that in writing this story she made use of what she had read, and that therefore both women are exploiting him, one on the first page of the magazine section, the other on the third page. Naturally anyone can read and imitate Lagerlöf on his own initiative, but in this cast, after all, his influence is too apparent. (He keeps waving the page back and forth.) +</p> +<p> +Monday noon, right after the bank closed, he naturally went to see Mrs. Durège. She opens her door only a crack, she is very nervous: ``But, Mr. Reichmann, why have you come at noon? My husband is asleep. I can’t let you in now''— ''Mrs. Durège you must let me in by all means. It’s about an important matter.'' She sees I am in earnest and lets me come in. Her husband, of course, was definitely not at home. In the next room I see my manuscript on the table and this immediately starts me winking. ``Mrs. Durège, what have you done with my manuscript. Without my consent you gave it to the Tagblatt. How much did they pay you?'' She trembles, she knows nothing, has no idea how it could have got into the paper. ``J’accuse, Mrs. Durège,'' I said, half jokingly, but still in such a way that she sees what I really mean, and I keep repeating this ``J’accuse, Mrs. Durège'' all the time I am there so that she can take note of it, and when I go I even say it several times at the door. Indeed, I understand her nervousness well. If I make it public or sue her, her position would really be impossible, she would have to leave the Women’s Progress, etc. +</p> +<p> +From her house I go straight to the office of the Tagblatt and have the editor, Löw, fetched. He comes out quite pale, naturally, is hardly able to walk. Nevertheless I do not want to begin with my business at once and I want to test him first too. So I ask him: ``Mr. Löw, are you a Zionist?'' (For I know he used to be a Zionist.) ``No,'' he says. I know enough, he must be acting a part in front of me. Now I ask about the essay. Once more incoherent talk. He knows nothing, has nothing to do with the magazine section, will, if I wish, get the editor who is in charge of it. ``Mr. Wittmann, come here,'' he calls, and is happy that he can leave. Wittmann comes, also very pale. I ask: ``Are you the editor of the magazine section?'' He: ``Yes.'' I just say, ``J’accuse,'' and leave. +</p> +<p> +In the bank I immediately telephone Bohemia. I want to give them the story for publication. But I can’t get a good connection. Do you know why? The office of the Tagblatt is pretty close to the telephone exchange, so from the Tagblatt it’s easy for them to control the connections as they please, to hold them up or put them through. And as a matter of fact, I keep hearing indistinct whispering voices on the telephone, obviously the editors of the Tagblatt. They have, of course, a good deal of interest in not letting this call go through. Then I hear (naturally very indistinctly) some of them persuading the operator not to put the call through, while others are already connected with Bohemia and are trying to keep them from listening to my story. ``Operator,'' I shout into the telephone, ``if you don’t put this call through at once, I’ll complain to the management.'' My colleagues all around me in the bank laugh when they hear me talking to the telephone operator so violently. Finally I get my party. ``Let me talk to Editor Kisch. I have an extremely important piece of news for Bohemia. If you don’t take it, I’ll give it to another paper at once. It’s high time.'' But since Kisch is not there I hang up without revealing anything. +</p> +<p> +In the evening I go to the office of Bohemia and get the editor, Kisch, called out. I tell him the story but he doesn’t want to publish it. Bohemia, he says, can’t do anything like that, it would cause a scandal and we can’t risk it because we’re dependent. Hand it over to a lawyer, that would be best. +</p> +<p> +On my way from the Bohemia office I met you and so I am asking your advice. +</p> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> + <head> + <title><++></title> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="/plain.css" /> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> + <meta charset="utf-8" /> + </head> + <body class="indent"> + <h1><++></h1> + <p>Article ID: <++></p> + <div id="footer"> + <hr /> + <p><a href="/">Andrew Yu's Website</a></p> + </div> + </body> +</html> |