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path: root/src/types/url.nim
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* Remove unnecessary unsigned castsbptato2024-04-261-2/+2
* url, twtstr: correct number parsingbptato2024-04-181-17/+15
* Update code stylebptato2024-04-171-2/+2
* url: fix flipped comparisonbptato2024-04-161-1/+1
* url: refactorbptato2024-04-161-186/+187
* twtstr: remove isAscii, simplify onlyWhitespacebptato2024-04-101-2/+2
* url: use AsciiDigit, not Digitsbptato2024-04-101-5/+5
* Remove unnecessary std/math importsbptato2024-04-081-4/+3
* url: return correct resultbptato2024-02-271-1/+1
* misc refactoringsbptato2024-02-271-56/+19
* js: allow specifying static function name, small refactoringbptato2024-01-241-1/+1
* Fix some casing issuesbptato2024-01-061-1/+1
* Merge data/idna with types/urlbptato2024-01-041-1/+49
* strwidth & url fixesbptato2023-12-161-3/+3
* Various fixesbptato2023-12-131-0/+1
* break up twtstr somewhatbptato2023-12-131-6/+110
* twtstr: remove tolower, isWhitespacebptato2023-11-201-3/+3
* reduce new() usagebptato2023-10-251-2/+2
* Remove trailing spacesbptato2023-10-231-1/+1
* Add w3m-cgi-compat optionbptato2023-10-011-21/+22
* url: fix file slash state mistakebptato2023-10-011-2/+2
* Get rid of unicode.toLowerbptato2023-10-011-1/+1
* buffer: improve submitFormbptato2023-09-301-4/+4
* javascript: static methods, URL.canParsebptato2023-09-171-5/+12
* url: simplifybptato2023-09-081-26/+10
* URL: fix missing searchParams when baseURL is givenbptato2023-09-081-0/+3
* url: optimizebptato2023-09-071-15/+21
* url: fix \n, \t not being properly removedbptato2023-09-071-1/+3
* url: remove validation error commentsbptato2023-09-011-76/+9
* url: format codebptato2023-09-011-97/+130
* url: fix opaque host parsing, add has to auth casebptato2023-09-011-6/+7
* refactor: Result[T, JSError] -> JSResult[T]bptato2023-08-281-1/+1
* javascript: refactorbptato2023-08-281-0/+1
* url: fix empty hostnames being acceptedbptato2023-07-071-1/+1
* Fixes in ipv6 parser and serializerbptato2023-07-071-11/+10
* Fix CastSize warningsbptato2023-07-031-1/+5
* return Result[T, JSError] from fromJSbptato2023-07-021-1/+0
* use =destroy instead of finalizersbptato2023-07-011-0/+3
* Add window.locationbptato2023-06-291-21/+50
* Improve broken cookie handling, add multipart to formbptato2023-06-251-0/+6
* Get rid of the .jserr pragmabptato2023-06-191-10/+11
* Rework JS exception systembptato2023-06-191-1/+1
* Add support for canvas and multipartbptato2023-06-051-5/+5
* what 003ca26b was supposed to dobptato2023-04-301-1/+1
* url: remove eprintbptato2023-04-301-1/+0
* url: accept schemes containing numbersbptato2023-04-301-1/+2
* Consistent naming of parseURL, non-public newURLParamsbptato2022-12-261-6/+6
* Add JS support to documentsbptato2022-12-181-4/+4
* doc: fix headers; url: fix a shorten_path bugbptato2022-12-131-1/+1
* Add referer support, re-render on windowChangebptato2022-12-131-12/+30
t; content="Vim/8.1"> <meta name="plugin-version" content="vim8.1_v1"> <meta name="syntax" content="cpp"> <meta name="settings" content="number_lines,use_css,pre_wrap,no_foldcolumn,expand_tabs,line_ids,prevent_copy="> <meta name="colorscheme" content="minimal-light"> <style type="text/css"> <!-- pre { white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #c6c6c6; } body { font-size:12pt; font-family: monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #c6c6c6; } a { color:inherit; } * { font-size:12pt; font-size: 1em; } .CommentedCode { color: #8a8a8a; } .LineNr { } .Constant { color: #008787; } .Comment { color: #005faf; } .Delimiter { color: #c000c0; } .Special { color: #d70000; } .Identifier { color: #af5f00; } .Normal { color: #000000; background-color: #c6c6c6; padding-bottom: 1px; } .PreProc { color: #c000c0; } .cSpecial { color: #008000; } --> </style> <script type='text/javascript'> <!-- /* function to open any folds containing a jumped-to line before jumping to it */ function JumpToLine() { var lineNum; lineNum = window.location.hash; lineNum = lineNum.substr(1); /* strip off '#' */ if (lineNum.indexOf('L') == -1) { lineNum = 'L'+lineNum; } var lineElem = document.getElementById(lineNum); /* Always jump to new location even if the line was hidden inside a fold, or * we corrected the raw number to a line ID. */ if (lineElem) { lineElem.scrollIntoView(true); } return true; } if ('onhashchange' in window) { window.onhashchange = JumpToLine; } --> </script> </head> <body onload='JumpToLine();'> <a href='https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/master/001help.cc'>https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/master/001help.cc</a> <pre id='vimCodeElement'> <span id="L1" class="LineNr"> 1 </span><span class="Comment">//: Everything this project/binary supports.</span> <span id="L2" class="LineNr"> 2 </span><span class="Comment">//: This should give you a sense for what to look forward to in later layers.</span> <span id="L3" class="LineNr"> 3 </span> <span id="L4" class="LineNr"> 4 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Commandline Parsing&quot;)</span> <span id="L5" class="LineNr"> 5 </span><span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>argc &lt;= <span class="Constant">1</span> || <a href='001help.cc.html#L102'>is_equal</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span>argv[<span class="Constant">1</span>]<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;--help&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L6" class="LineNr"> 6 </span> <span class="Comment">//: this is the functionality later layers will provide</span> <span id="L7" class="LineNr"> 7 </span> <span class="Comment">// currently no automated tests for commandline arg parsing</span> <span id="L8" class="LineNr"> 8 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; get<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Special"><a href='001help.cc.html#L53'>Help</a></span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;usage&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L9" class="LineNr"> 9 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L10" class="LineNr"> 10 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L11" class="LineNr"> 11 </span> <span id="L12" class="LineNr"> 12 </span><span class="Comment">//: Support for option parsing.</span> <span id="L13" class="LineNr"> 13 </span><span class="Comment">//: Options always begin with '--' and are always the first arguments. An</span> <span id="L14" class="LineNr"> 14 </span><span class="Comment">//: option will never follow a non-option.</span> <span id="L15" class="LineNr"> 15 </span><span class="Normal">char</span>** <a href='001help.cc.html#L15'>arg</a> = &amp;argv[<span class="Constant">1</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L16" class="LineNr"> 16 </span><span class="Normal">while</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>argc &gt; <span class="Constant">1</span> &amp;&amp; <a href='001help.cc.html#L106'>starts_with</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span>*arg<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;--&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L17" class="LineNr"> 17 </span> <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span id="L18" class="LineNr"> 18 </span> <span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// no-op branch just so any further additions can consistently always start with 'else'</span> <span id="L19" class="LineNr"> 19 </span> <span class="Comment">// End Commandline Options(*arg)</span> <span id="L20" class="LineNr"> 20 </span> <span class="Normal">else</span> <span id="L21" class="LineNr"> 21 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;skipping unknown option &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; *arg &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L22" class="LineNr"> 22 </span> --argc<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++argv<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++arg<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L23" class="LineNr"> 23 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L24" class="LineNr"> 24 </span> <span id="L25" class="LineNr"> 25 </span><span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><a href='001help.cc.html#L102'>is_equal</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span>argv[<span class="Constant">1</span>]<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;help&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L26" class="LineNr"> 26 </span> <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>argc == <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L27" class="LineNr"> 27 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;help on what?\n&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L28" class="LineNr"> 28 </span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L46'>help_contents</a><span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span id="L29" class="LineNr"> 29 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L30" class="LineNr"> 30 </span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L31" class="LineNr"> 31 </span> string key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>argv[<span class="Constant">2</span>]<span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L32" class="LineNr"> 32 </span> <span class="Comment">// End Help Special-cases(key)</span> <span id="L33" class="LineNr"> 33 </span> <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><a href='001help.cc.html#L233'>contains_key</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Special"><a href='001help.cc.html#L53'>Help</a></span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> key<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L34" class="LineNr"> 34 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; get<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Special"><a href='001help.cc.html#L53'>Help</a></span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> key<span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L35" class="LineNr"> 35 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L36" class="LineNr"> 36 </span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L37" class="LineNr"> 37 </span> <span class="Normal">else</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L38" class="LineNr"> 38 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;No help found for '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; key &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'\n&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L39" class="LineNr"> 39 </span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L46'>help_contents</a><span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span id="L40" class="LineNr"> 40 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;Please check your command for typos.\n&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L41" class="LineNr"> 41 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L42" class="LineNr"> 42 </span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L43" class="LineNr"> 43 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L44" class="LineNr"> 44 </span> <span id="L45" class="LineNr"> 45 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> <span id="L46" class="LineNr"> 46 </span><span class="Normal">void</span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L46'>help_contents</a><span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L47" class="LineNr"> 47 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;Available top-level topics:\n&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L48" class="LineNr"> 48 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; usage\n&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L49" class="LineNr"> 49 </span> <span class="Comment">// End Help Contents</span> <span id="L50" class="LineNr"> 50 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L51" class="LineNr"> 51 </span> <span id="L52" class="LineNr"> 52 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Globals&quot;)</span> <span id="L53" class="LineNr"> 53 </span>map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> string&gt; <span class="Special"><a href='001help.cc.html#L53'>Help</a></span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L54" class="LineNr"> 54 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Includes&quot;)</span> <span id="L55" class="LineNr"> 55 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant">&lt;map&gt;</span> <span id="L56" class="LineNr"> 56 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::map<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L57" class="LineNr"> 57 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End One-time Setup&quot;)</span> <span id="L58" class="LineNr"> 58 </span><a href='001help.cc.html#L60'>init_help</a><span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span id="L59" class="LineNr"> 59 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> <span id="L60" class="LineNr"> 60 </span><span class="Normal">void</span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L60'>init_help</a><span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L61" class="LineNr"> 61 </span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L229'>put</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Special"><a href='001help.cc.html#L53'>Help</a></span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;usage&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span id="L62" class="LineNr"> 62 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;bootstrap: the bootstrap translator for SubX.\n&quot;</span> <span id="L63" class="LineNr"> 63 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;This program also wraps some miscellaneous useful functionality:\n&quot;</span> <span id="L64" class="LineNr"> 64 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; - an x86 emulator: `bootstrap run`\n&quot;</span> <span id="L65" class="LineNr"> 65 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; - online help: `bootstrap help`\n&quot;</span> <span id="L66" class="LineNr"> 66 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;\n&quot;</span> <span id="L67" class="LineNr"> 67 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;== Ways to invoke bootstrap\n&quot;</span> <span id="L68" class="LineNr"> 68 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;- See this message:\n&quot;</span> <span id="L69" class="LineNr"> 69 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; bootstrap --help\n&quot;</span> <span id="L70" class="LineNr"> 70 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;- Convert a textual SubX program into a standard ELF binary that you can\n&quot;</span> <span id="L71" class="LineNr"> 71 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; <a href='011run.cc.html#L82'>run</a> on your computer:\n&quot;</span> <span id="L72" class="LineNr"> 72 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; bootstrap translate input1.subx input2.subx ... -o &lt;output ELF binary&gt;\n&quot;</span> <span id="L73" class="LineNr"> 73 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;- Run a SubX binary using SubX itself (for better error messages):\n&quot;</span> <span id="L74" class="LineNr"> 74 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; bootstrap <a href='011run.cc.html#L82'>run</a> &lt;ELF binary&gt;\n&quot;</span> <span id="L75" class="LineNr"> 75 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;- Run all bootstrap's unit tests:\n&quot;</span> <span id="L76" class="LineNr"> 76 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; bootstrap test\n&quot;</span> <span id="L77" class="LineNr"> 77 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;- Run a single unit test:\n&quot;</span> <span id="L78" class="LineNr"> 78 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; bootstrap test &lt;test name&gt;\n&quot;</span> <span id="L79" class="LineNr"> 79 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; e.g. bootstrap test test_copy_imm32_to_EAX\n&quot;</span> <span id="L80" class="LineNr"> 80 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;\n&quot;</span> <span id="L81" class="LineNr"> 81 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;== Debugging aids\n&quot;</span> <span id="L82" class="LineNr"> 82 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;- Add '--trace' to any of these commands to save a <a href='003trace.cc.html#L96'>trace</a> to disk at the end.\n&quot;</span> <span id="L83" class="LineNr"> 83 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; This can <a href='011run.cc.html#L82'>run</a> out of memory for long-running commands.\n&quot;</span> <span id="L84" class="LineNr"> 84 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;- Add '--debug' to add information to traces. 'bootstrap --debug translate'\n&quot;</span> <span id="L85" class="LineNr"> 85 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; will save metadata to disk that 'bootstrap --trace run' uses to make traces\n&quot;</span> <span id="L86" class="LineNr"> 86 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; more informative.\n&quot;</span> <span id="L87" class="LineNr"> 87 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;- Add '--dump --trace' to emit a <a href='003trace.cc.html#L96'>trace</a> incrementally to stderr.\n&quot;</span> <span id="L88" class="LineNr"> 88 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; This approach will work even for long-running programs.\n&quot;</span> <span id="L89" class="LineNr"> 89 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; (Though the combination of flags is counter-intuitive and can probably\n&quot;</span> <span id="L90" class="LineNr"> 90 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; be improved.)\n&quot;</span> <span id="L91" class="LineNr"> 91 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;\n&quot;</span> <span id="L92" class="LineNr"> 92 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;Options starting with '--' must always come before any other arguments.\n&quot;</span> <span id="L93" class="LineNr"> 93 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;\n&quot;</span> <span id="L94" class="LineNr"> 94 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;To start learning how to write SubX programs, see Readme.md (particularly\n&quot;</span> <span id="L95" class="LineNr"> 95 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot;the section on the x86 instruction set) and then <a href='011run.cc.html#L82'>run</a>:\n&quot;</span> <span id="L96" class="LineNr"> 96 </span> <span class="Constant">&quot; bootstrap help\n&quot;</span> <span id="L97" class="LineNr"> 97 </span> <span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L98" class="LineNr"> 98 </span> <span class="Comment">// End Help Texts</span> <span id="L99" class="LineNr"> 99 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L100" class="LineNr">100 </span> <span id="L101" class="LineNr">101 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> <span id="L102" class="LineNr">102 </span><span class="Normal">bool</span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L102'>is_equal</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">char</span>* s<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> <span class="Normal">char</span>* lit<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L103" class="LineNr">103 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> strncmp<span class="Delimiter">(</span>s<span class="Delimiter">,</span> lit<span class="Delimiter">,</span> strlen<span class="Delimiter">(</span>lit<span class="Delimiter">))</span> == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L104" class="LineNr">104 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L105" class="LineNr">105 </span> <span id="L106" class="LineNr">106 </span><span class="Normal">bool</span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L106'>starts_with</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; s<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; pat<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L107" class="LineNr">107 </span> string::const_iterator a=s<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> b=pat<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span id="L108" class="LineNr">108 </span> <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">nada</span><span class="Comment">*/</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> a!=s<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; b!=pat<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++a<span class="Delimiter">,</span> ++b<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span id="L109" class="LineNr">109 </span> <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*a != *b<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L110" class="LineNr">110 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> b == pat<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span id="L111" class="LineNr">111 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L112" class="LineNr">112 </span> <span id="L113" class="LineNr">113 </span><span class="Comment">//: I'll throw some style conventions here for want of a better place for them.</span> <span id="L114" class="LineNr">114 </span><span class="Comment">//: As a rule I hate style guides. Do what you want, that's my motto. But since</span> <span id="L115" class="LineNr">115 </span><span class="Comment">//: we're dealing with C/C++, the one big thing we want to avoid is undefined</span> <span id="L116" class="LineNr">116 </span><span class="Comment">//: behavior. If a compiler ever encounters undefined behavior it can make</span> <span id="L117" class="LineNr">117 </span><span class="Comment">//: your program do anything it wants.</span> <span id="L118" class="LineNr">118 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L119" class="LineNr">119 </span><span class="Comment">//: For reference, my checklist of undefined behaviors to watch out for:</span> <span id="L120" class="LineNr">120 </span><span class="Comment">//: out-of-bounds access</span> <span id="L121" class="LineNr">121 </span><span class="Comment">//: uninitialized variables</span> <span id="L122" class="LineNr">122 </span><span class="Comment">//: use after free</span> <span id="L123" class="LineNr">123 </span><span class="Comment">//: dereferencing invalid pointers: null, a new of size 0, others</span> <span id="L124" class="LineNr">124 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L125" class="LineNr">125 </span><span class="Comment">//: casting a large number to a type too small to hold it</span> <span id="L126" class="LineNr">126 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L127" class="LineNr">127 </span><span class="Comment">//: integer overflow</span> <span id="L128" class="LineNr">128 </span><span class="Comment">//: division by zero and other undefined expressions</span> <span id="L129" class="LineNr">129 </span><span class="Comment">//: left-shift by negative count</span> <span id="L130" class="LineNr">130 </span><span class="Comment">//: shifting values by more than or equal to the number of bits they contain</span> <span id="L131" class="LineNr">131 </span><span class="Comment">//: bitwise operations on signed numbers</span> <span id="L132" class="LineNr">132 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L133" class="LineNr">133 </span><span class="Comment">//: Converting pointers to types of different alignment requirements</span> <span id="L134" class="LineNr">134 </span><span class="Comment">//: T* -&gt; void* -&gt; T*: defined</span> <span id="L135" class="LineNr">135 </span><span class="Comment">//: T* -&gt; U* -&gt; T*: defined if non-function pointers and alignment requirements are same</span> <span id="L136" class="LineNr">136 </span><span class="Comment">//: function pointers may be cast to other function pointers</span> <span id="L137" class="LineNr">137 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L138" class="LineNr">138 </span><span class="Comment">//: Casting a numeric value into a value that can't be represented by the target type (either directly or via static_cast)</span> <span id="L139" class="LineNr">139 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L140" class="LineNr">140 </span><span class="Comment">//: To guard against these, some conventions:</span> <span id="L141" class="LineNr">141 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L142" class="LineNr">142 </span><span class="Comment">//: 0. Initialize all primitive variables in functions and constructors.</span> <span id="L143" class="LineNr">143 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L144" class="LineNr">144 </span><span class="Comment">//: 1. Minimize use of pointers and pointer arithmetic. Avoid 'new' and</span> <span id="L145" class="LineNr">145 </span><span class="Comment">//: 'delete' as far as possible. Rely on STL to perform memory management to</span> <span id="L146" class="LineNr">146 </span><span class="Comment">//: avoid use-after-free issues (and memory leaks).</span> <span id="L147" class="LineNr">147 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L148" class="LineNr">148 </span><span class="Comment">//: 2. Avoid naked arrays to avoid out-of-bounds access. Never use operator[]</span> <span id="L149" class="LineNr">149 </span><span class="Comment">//: except with map. Use at() with STL vectors and so on.</span> <span id="L150" class="LineNr">150 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L151" class="LineNr">151 </span><span class="Comment">//: 3. Valgrind all the things.</span> <span id="L152" class="LineNr">152 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L153" class="LineNr">153 </span><span class="Comment">//: 4. Avoid unsigned numbers. Not strictly an undefined-behavior issue, but</span> <span id="L154" class="LineNr">154 </span><span class="Comment">//: the extra range doesn't matter, and it's one less confusing category of</span> <span id="L155" class="LineNr">155 </span><span class="Comment">//: interaction gotchas to worry about.</span> <span id="L156" class="LineNr">156 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L157" class="LineNr">157 </span><span class="Comment">//: Corollary: don't use the size() method on containers, since it returns an</span> <span id="L158" class="LineNr">158 </span><span class="Comment">//: unsigned and that'll cause warnings about mixing signed and unsigned,</span> <span id="L159" class="LineNr">159 </span><span class="Comment">//: yadda-yadda. Instead use this macro below to perform an unsafe cast to</span> <span id="L160" class="LineNr">160 </span><span class="Comment">//: signed. We'll just give up immediately if a container's ever too large.</span> <span id="L161" class="LineNr">161 </span><span class="Comment">//: Basically, Mu is not concerned about this being a little slower than it</span> <span id="L162" class="LineNr">162 </span><span class="Comment">//: could be. (<a href="https://gist.github.com/rygorous/e0f055bfb74e3d5f0af20690759de5a7">https://gist.github.com/rygorous/e0f055bfb74e3d5f0af20690759de5a7</a>)</span> <span id="L163" class="LineNr">163 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L164" class="LineNr">164 </span><span class="Comment">//: Addendum to corollary: We're going to uniformly use int everywhere, to</span> <span id="L165" class="LineNr">165 </span><span class="Comment">//: indicate that we're oblivious to number size, and since Clang on 32-bit</span> <span id="L166" class="LineNr">166 </span><span class="Comment">//: platforms doesn't yet support multiplication over 64-bit integers, and</span> <span id="L167" class="LineNr">167 </span><span class="Comment">//: since multiplying two integers seems like a more common situation to end</span> <span id="L168" class="LineNr">168 </span><span class="Comment">//: up in than integer overflow.</span> <span id="L169" class="LineNr">169 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Includes&quot;)</span> <span id="L170" class="LineNr">170 </span><span class="PreProc">#define SIZE(</span><span class="Special">X</span><span class="PreProc">) (assert((</span><span class="Special">X</span><span class="PreProc">)</span><span class="Delimiter">.</span><span class="PreProc">size() &lt; (</span><span class="Constant">1LL</span><span class="PreProc">&lt;&lt;(</span><span class="Normal">sizeof</span><span class="PreProc">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span><span class="PreProc">)*</span><span class="Constant">8</span><span class="PreProc">-</span><span class="Constant">2</span><span class="PreProc">)))</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span><span class="PreProc"> </span><span class="Normal">static_cast</span><span class="PreProc">&lt;</span><span class="Normal">int</span><span class="PreProc">&gt;((</span><span class="Special">X</span><span class="PreProc">)</span><span class="Delimiter">.</span><span class="PreProc">size()))</span> <span id="L171" class="LineNr">171 </span> <span id="L172" class="LineNr">172 </span><span class="Comment">//: 5. Integer overflow is guarded against at runtime using the -ftrapv flag</span> <span id="L173" class="LineNr">173 </span><span class="Comment">//: to the compiler, supported by Clang (GCC version only works sometimes:</span> <span id="L174" class="LineNr">174 </span><span class="Comment">//: <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20851061/how-to-make-gcc-ftrapv-work">http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20851061/how-to-make-gcc-ftrapv-work</a>).</span> <span id="L175" class="LineNr">175 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;atexit(<a href='000organization.cc.html#L150'>reset</a>)&quot;)</span> <span id="L176" class="LineNr">176 </span><a href='001help.cc.html#L181'>initialize_signal_handlers</a><span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span class="Comment">// not always necessary, but doesn't hurt</span> <span id="L177" class="LineNr">177 </span><span class="CommentedCode">//? cerr &lt;&lt; INT_MAX+1 &lt;&lt; '\n'; // test overflow</span> <span id="L178" class="LineNr">178 </span><span class="CommentedCode">//? assert(false); // test SIGABRT</span> <span id="L179" class="LineNr">179 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> <span id="L180" class="LineNr">180 </span><span class="Comment">// based on <a href="https://spin.atomicobject.com/2013/01/13/exceptions-stack-traces-c">https://spin.atomicobject.com/2013/01/13/exceptions-stack-traces-c</a></span> <span id="L181" class="LineNr">181 </span><span class="Normal">void</span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L181'>initialize_signal_handlers</a><span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L182" class="LineNr">182 </span> <span class="Normal">struct</span> sigaction action<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L183" class="LineNr">183 </span> bzero<span class="Delimiter">(</span>&amp;action<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">sizeof</span><span class="Delimiter">(</span>action<span class="Delimiter">));</span> <span id="L184" class="LineNr">184 </span> action<span class="Delimiter">.</span>sa_sigaction = <a href='001help.cc.html#L189'>dump_and_exit</a><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L185" class="LineNr">185 </span> sigemptyset<span class="Delimiter">(</span>&amp;action<span class="Delimiter">.</span>sa_mask<span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L186" class="LineNr">186 </span> sigaction<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">SIGABRT</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> &amp;action<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// assert() failure or integer overflow on linux (with -ftrapv)</span> <span id="L187" class="LineNr">187 </span> sigaction<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">SIGILL</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> &amp;action<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// integer overflow on OS X (with -ftrapv)</span> <span id="L188" class="LineNr">188 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L189" class="LineNr">189 </span><span class="Normal">void</span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L189'>dump_and_exit</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> sig<span class="Delimiter">,</span> siginfo_t* <span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">unused</span><span class="Comment">*/</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">void</span>* <span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">unused</span><span class="Comment">*/</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L190" class="LineNr">190 </span> <span class="Normal">switch</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>sig<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L191" class="LineNr">191 </span> <span class="Normal">case</span> <span class="Constant">SIGABRT</span>: <span id="L192" class="LineNr">192 </span> <span class="PreProc">#ifndef __APPLE__</span> <span id="L193" class="LineNr">193 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;SIGABRT: might be an integer overflow if it wasn't an assert() failure\n&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L194" class="LineNr">194 </span> _Exit<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L195" class="LineNr">195 </span> <span class="PreProc">#endif</span> <span id="L196" class="LineNr">196 </span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L197" class="LineNr">197 </span> <span class="Normal">case</span> <span class="Constant">SIGILL</span>: <span id="L198" class="LineNr">198 </span> <span class="PreProc">#ifdef __APPLE__</span> <span id="L199" class="LineNr">199 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;SIGILL: most likely caused by integer overflow\n&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L200" class="LineNr">200 </span> _Exit<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L201" class="LineNr">201 </span> <span class="PreProc">#endif</span> <span id="L202" class="LineNr">202 </span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L203" class="LineNr">203 </span> <span class="Normal">default</span>: <span id="L204" class="LineNr">204 </span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L205" class="LineNr">205 </span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L206" class="LineNr">206 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L207" class="LineNr">207 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Includes&quot;)</span> <span id="L208" class="LineNr">208 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant">&lt;signal.h&gt;</span> <span id="L209" class="LineNr">209 </span> <span id="L210" class="LineNr">210 </span><span class="Comment">//: 6. Map's operator[] being non-const is fucking evil.</span> <span id="L211" class="LineNr">211 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Globals&quot;)</span> <span class="Comment">// can't generate prototypes for these</span> <span id="L212" class="LineNr">212 </span><span class="Comment">// from <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/152643/idiomatic-c-for-reading-from-a-const-map">http://stackoverflow.com/questions/152643/idiomatic-c-for-reading-from-a-const-map</a></span> <span id="L213" class="LineNr">213 </span><span class="Normal">template</span>&lt;<span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>&gt; <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::mapped_type&amp; get<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Special">T</span>&amp; map<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::key_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; key<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L214" class="LineNr">214 </span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::iterator iter<span class="Delimiter">(</span>map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>key<span class="Delimiter">));</span> <span id="L215" class="LineNr">215 </span> <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>iter == map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L216" class="LineNr">216 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;get couldn't find key '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; key &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'\n&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L217" class="LineNr">217 </span> assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>iter != map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">());</span> <span id="L218" class="LineNr">218 </span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L219" class="LineNr">219 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> iter<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>second<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L220" class="LineNr">220 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L221" class="LineNr">221 </span><span class="Normal">template</span>&lt;<span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>&gt; <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::mapped_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; get<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> <span class="Special">T</span>&amp; map<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::key_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; key<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L222" class="LineNr">222 </span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::const_iterator iter<span class="Delimiter">(</span>map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>key<span class="Delimiter">));</span> <span id="L223" class="LineNr">223 </span> <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>iter == map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L224" class="LineNr">224 </span> cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;get couldn't find key '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; key &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'\n&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L225" class="LineNr">225 </span> assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>iter != map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">());</span> <span id="L226" class="LineNr">226 </span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L227" class="LineNr">227 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> iter<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>second<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L228" class="LineNr">228 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L229" class="LineNr">229 </span><span class="Normal">template</span>&lt;<span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>&gt; <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::mapped_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; <a href='001help.cc.html#L229'>put</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Special">T</span>&amp; map<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::key_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; key<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::mapped_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L230" class="LineNr">230 </span> map[key] = value<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L231" class="LineNr">231 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> map[key]<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L232" class="LineNr">232 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L233" class="LineNr">233 </span><span class="Normal">template</span>&lt;<span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>&gt; <span class="Normal">bool</span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L233'>contains_key</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Special">T</span>&amp; map<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::key_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; key<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L234" class="LineNr">234 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>key<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span id="L235" class="LineNr">235 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L236" class="LineNr">236 </span><span class="Normal">template</span>&lt;<span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>&gt; <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::mapped_type&amp; <a href='001help.cc.html#L236'>get_or_insert</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Special">T</span>&amp; map<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::key_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; key<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L237" class="LineNr">237 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> map[key]<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L238" class="LineNr">238 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L239" class="LineNr">239 </span><span class="Normal">template</span>&lt;<span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>&gt; <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::mapped_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; <a href='001help.cc.html#L239'>put_new</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Special">T</span>&amp; map<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::key_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; key<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">typename</span> <span class="Special">T</span>::mapped_type <span class="Normal">const</span>&amp; value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L240" class="LineNr">240 </span> assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>key<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == map<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">());</span> <span id="L241" class="LineNr">241 </span> map[key] = value<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L242" class="LineNr">242 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> map[key]<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L243" class="LineNr">243 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L244" class="LineNr">244 </span><span class="Comment">//: The contract: any container that relies on get_or_insert should never call</span> <span id="L245" class="LineNr">245 </span><span class="Comment">//: contains_key.</span> <span id="L246" class="LineNr">246 </span> <span id="L247" class="LineNr">247 </span><span class="Comment">//: 7. istreams are a royal pain in the arse. You have to be careful about</span> <span id="L248" class="LineNr">248 </span><span class="Comment">//: what subclass you try to putback into. You have to watch out for the pesky</span> <span id="L249" class="LineNr">249 </span><span class="Comment">//: failbit and badbit. Just avoid eof() and use this helper instead.</span> <span id="L250" class="LineNr">250 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> <span id="L251" class="LineNr">251 </span><span class="Normal">bool</span> <a href='001help.cc.html#L251'>has_data</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span>istream&amp; in<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L252" class="LineNr">252 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> in &amp;&amp; !in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>eof<span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span id="L253" class="LineNr">253 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L254" class="LineNr">254 </span> <span id="L255" class="LineNr">255 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Includes&quot;)</span> <span id="L256" class="LineNr">256 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant">&lt;assert.h&gt;</span> <span id="L257" class="LineNr">257 </span> <span id="L258" class="LineNr">258 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant">&lt;iostream&gt;</span> <span id="L259" class="LineNr">259 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::istream<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L260" class="LineNr">260 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::ostream<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L261" class="LineNr">261 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::iostream<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L262" class="LineNr">262 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::cin<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L263" class="LineNr">263 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::cout<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L264" class="LineNr">264 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::cerr<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L265" class="LineNr">265 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant">&lt;iomanip&gt;</span> <span id="L266" class="LineNr">266 </span> <span id="L267" class="LineNr">267 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant">&lt;string.h&gt;</span> <span id="L268" class="LineNr">268 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant">&lt;string&gt;</span> <span id="L269" class="LineNr">269 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::string<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L270" class="LineNr">270 </span> <span id="L271" class="LineNr">271 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant">&lt;algorithm&gt;</span> <span id="L272" class="LineNr">272 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::min<span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L273" class="LineNr">273 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::max<span class="Delimiter">;</span> </pre> </body> </html> <!-- vim: set foldmethod=manual : -->