pre { line-height: 125%; }
td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
.highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.highlight .c { color: #888888 } /* Comment */
.highlight .err { color: #a61717; background-color: #e3d2d2 } /* Error */
.highlight .k { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.highlight .ch { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.highlight .cm { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Multiline */
.highlight .cp { color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold } /* Comment.Preproc */
.highlight .cpf { color: #888888 } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.highlight .c1 { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Single */
.highlight .cs { color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Comment.Special */
.highlight .gd { color: #000000; background-color: #ffdddd } /* Generic.Deleted */
.highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
.highlight .gr { color: #aa0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.highlight .gh { color: #333333 } /* Generic.Heading */
.highlight .gi { color: #000000; background-color: #ddffdd } /* Generic.Inserted */
.highlight .go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.highlight .gp { color: #555555 } /* Generic.Prompt */
.highlight .gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.highlight .gu { color: #666666 } /* Generic.Subheading */
.highlight .gt { color: #aa0000 } /* Generic.Traceback */
.highlight .kc { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.highlight .kd { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.highlight .kn { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.highlight .kp { color: #008800 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.highlight .kr { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.highlight .kt { color: #888888; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Type */
.highlight .m { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number */
.highlight .s { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String */
.highlight .na { color: #336699 } /* Name.Attribute */
.highlight .nb { color: #003388 } /* Name.Builtin */
.highlight .nc { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.highlight .no { color: #003366; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Constant */
.highlight .nd { color: #555555 } /* Name.Decorator */
.highlight .ne { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.highlight .nf { color: #0066bb; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function */
.highlight .nl { color: #336699; font-style: italic } /* Name.Label */
.highlight .nn { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.highlight .py { color: #336699; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Property */
.highlight .nt { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.highlight .nv { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable */
.highlight .ow { color: #008800 } /* Operator.Word */
.highlight .w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.highlight .mb { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.highlight .mf { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.highlight .mh { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.highlight .mi { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.highlight .mo { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.highlight .sa { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.highlight .sb { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.highlight .sc { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.highlight .dl { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.highlight .sd { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.highlight .s2 { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.highlight .se { color: #0044dd; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.highlight .sh { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.highlight .si { color: #3333bb; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.highlight .sx { color: #22bb22; background-color: #f0fff0 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.highlight .sr { color: #008800; background-color: #fff0ff } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.highlight .s1 { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.highlight .ss { color: #aa6600; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.highlight .bp { color: #003388 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.highlight .fm { color: #0066bb; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.highlight .vc { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.highlight .vg { color: #dd7700 } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.highlight .vi { color: #3333bb } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.highlight .vm { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.highlight .il { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
# some primitives for moving the cursor without making assumptions about
# raster order
fn cursor-left screen: (addr screen) {
  var cursor-x/eax: int <- copy 0
  var cursor-y/ecx: int <- copy 0
  cursor-x, cursor-y <- cursor-position screen
  compare cursor-x, 0
  {
    break-if->
    return
  }
  cursor-x <- subtract 8  # font-width
  set-cursor-position screen, cursor-x, cursor-y
}

fn cursor-right screen: (addr screen) {
  var cursor-x/eax: int <- copy 0
  var cursor-y/ecx: int <- copy 0
  cursor-x, cursor-y <- cursor-position screen
  compare cursor-x, 0x400  # screen-width
  {
    break-if-<
    return
  }
  cursor-x <- add 8  # font-width
  set-cursor-position screen, cursor-x, cursor-y
}

fn cursor-up screen: (addr screen) {
  var cursor-x/eax: int <- copy 0
  var cursor-y/ecx: int <- copy 0
  cursor-x, cursor-y <- cursor-position screen
  compare cursor-y, 0
  {
    break-if->
    return
  }
  cursor-y <- subtract 0x10  # screen-height
  set-cursor-position screen, cursor-x, cursor-y
}

fn cursor-down screen: (addr screen) {
  var cursor-x/eax: int <- copy 0
  var cursor-y/ecx: int <- copy 0
  cursor-x, cursor-y <- cursor-position screen
  compare cursor-y, 0x300  # screen-height
  {
    break-if-<
    return
  }
  cursor-y <- add 0x10  # screen-height
  set-cursor-position screen, cursor-x, cursor-y
}

fn draw-grapheme-at-cursor screen: (addr screen), g: grapheme, color: int {
  var cursor-x/eax: int <- copy 0
  var cursor-y/ecx: int <- copy 0
  cursor-x, cursor-y <- cursor-position screen
  draw-grapheme screen, g, cursor-x, cursor-y, color
}

# draw a single line of text from x, y to xmax
# return the next 'x' coordinate
# if there isn't enough space, returnpre { line-height: 125%; }
td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
.highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.highlight .c { color: #888888 } /* Comment */
.highlight .err { color: #a61717; background-color: #e3d2d2 } /* Error */
.highlight .k { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.highlight .ch { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.highlight .cm { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Multiline */
.highlight .cp { color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold } /* Comment.Preproc */
.highlight .cpf { color: #888888 } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.highlight .c1 { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Single */
.highlight .cs { color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Comment.Special */
.highlight .gd { color: #000000; background-color: #ffdddd } /* Generic.Deleted */
.highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
.highlight .gr { color: #aa0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.highlight .gh { color: #333333 } /* Generic.Heading */
.highlight .gi { color: #000000; background-color: #ddffdd } /* Generic.Inserted */
.highlight .go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
.highlight .gp { color: #555555 } /* Generic.Prompt */
.highlight .gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.highlight .gu { color: #666666 } /* Generic.Subheading */
.highlight .gt { color: #aa0000 } /* Generic.Traceback */
.highlight .kc { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.highlight .kd { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.highlight .kn { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.highlight .kp { color: #008800 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.highlight .kr { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.highlight .kt { color: #888888; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Type */
.highlight .m { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number */
.highlight .s { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String */
.highlight .na { color: #336699 } /* Name.Attribute */
.highlight .nb { color: #003388 } /* Name.Builtin */
.highlight .nc { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.highlight .no { color: #003366; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Constant */
.highlight .nd { color: #555555 } /* Name.Decorator */
.highlight .ne { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.highlight .nf { color: #0066bb; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function */
.highlight .nl { color: #336699; font-style: italic } /* Name.Label */
.highlight .nn { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.highlight .py { color: #336699; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Property */
.highlight .nt { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.highlight .nv { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable */
.highlight .ow { color: #008800 } /* Operator.Word */
.highlight .w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.highlight .mb { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.highlight .mf { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.highlight .mh { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.highlight .mi { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.highlight .mo { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.highlight .sa { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.highlight .sb { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.highlight .sc { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.highlight .dl { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.highlight .sd { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.highlight .s2 { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.highlight .se { color: #0044dd; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.highlight .sh { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.highlight .si { color: #3333bb; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.highlight .sx { color: #22bb22; background-color: #f0fff0 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.highlight .sr { color: #008800; background-color: #fff0ff } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.highlight .s1 { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.highlight .ss { color: #aa6600; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.highlight .bp { color: #003388 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.highlight .fm { color: #0066bb; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.highlight .vc { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.highlight .vg { color: #dd7700 } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.highlight .vi { color: #3333bb } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.highlight .vm { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.highlight .il { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
-- text editor, particularly text drawing, horizontal wrap, vertical scrolling
Text = {}

require 'search'
require 'select'
require 'undo'
require 'text_tests'

-- draw a line starting from startpos to screen at y between State.left and State.right
-- return the final y, and position of start of final screen line drawn
function Text.draw(State, line_index, y, startpos)
  App.color(Text_color)
  local line = State.lines[line_index]
  local line_cache = State.line_cache[line_index]
  line_cache.starty = y
  line_cache.startpos = startpos
  -- wrap long lines
  local x = State.left
  local pos = 1
  local screen_line_starting_pos = 1
  if line_cache.fragments == nil then
    Text.compute_fragments(State, line_index)
  end
  Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, line_index)
  for _, f in ipairs(line_cache.fragments) do
    local frag, frag_text = f.data, f.text
    local frag_len = utf8.len(frag)
--?     print('text.draw:', frag, 'at', line_index,pos, 'after', x,y)
    if Text.lt1({line=line_index, pos=pos}, State.screen_top1) then
      -- render nothing
--?       print('skipping', frag)
    else
      -- render fragment
      local frag_width = App.width(frag_text)
      if x + frag_width > State.right then
        assert(x > State.left)  -- no overfull lines
        y = y + State.line_height
        if y + State.line_height > App.screen.height then
          return y, screen_line_starting_pos
        end
        screen_line_starting_pos = pos
        x = State.left
      end
      if State.selection1.line then
        local lo, hi = Text.clip_selection(State, line_index, pos, pos+frag_len)
        Text.draw_highlight(State, line, x,y, pos, lo,hi)
      end
      App.screen.draw(frag_text, x,y)
      -- render cursor if necessary
      if line_index == State.cursor1.line then
        if pos <= State.cursor1.pos and pos + frag_len > State.cursor1.pos then
          if State.search_term then
            if State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data:sub(State.cursor1.pos, State.cursor1.pos+utf8.len(State.search_term)-1) == State.search_term then
              local lo_px = Text.draw_highlight(State, line, x,y, pos, State.cursor1.pos, State.cursor1.pos+utf8.len(State.search_term))
              App.color(Text_color)
              love.graphics.print(State.search_term, x+lo_px,y)
            end
          else
            Text.draw_cursor(State, x+Text.x(frag, State.cursor1.pos-pos+1), y)
          end
        end
      end
      x = x + frag_width
    end
    pos = pos + frag_len
  end
  if State.search_term == nil then
    if line_index == State.cursor1.line and State.cursor1.pos == pos then
      Text.draw_cursor(State, x, y)
    end
  end
  return y, screen_line_starting_pos
end
-- manual tests:
--  draw with small screen width of 100

function Text.draw_cursor(State, x, y)
  -- blink every 0.5s
  if math.floor(Cursor_time*2)%2 == 0 then
    App.color(Cursor_color)
    love.graphics.rectangle('fill', x,y, 3,State.line_height)
    App.color(Text_color)
  end
  State.cursor_x = x
  State.cursor_y = y+State.line_height
end

function Text.compute_fragments(State, line_index)
--?   print('compute_fragments', line_index, 'between', State.left, State.right)
  local line = State.lines[line_index]
  local line_cache = State.line_cache[line_index]
  line_cache.fragments = {}
  local x = State.left
  -- try to wrap at word boundaries
  for frag in line.data:gmatch('%S*%s*') do
    local frag_text = App.newText(love.graphics.getFont(), frag)
    local frag_width = App.width(frag_text)
--?     print('x: '..tostring(x)..'; '..tostring(State.right-x)..'px to go')
    while x + frag_width > State.right do
--?       print(('checking whether to split fragment ^%s$ of width %d when rendering from %d'):format(frag, frag_width, x))
      if (x-State.left) < 0.8 * (State.right-State.left) then
--?         print('splitting')
        -- long word; chop it at some letter
        -- We're not going to reimplement TeX here.
        local bpos = Text.nearest_pos_less_than(frag, State.right - x)
--?         print('bpos', bpos)
        if bpos == 0 then break end  -- avoid infinite loop when window is too narrow
        local boffset = Text.offset(frag, bpos+1)  -- byte _after_ bpos
--?         print('space for '..tostring(bpos)..' graphemes, '..tostring(boffset-1)..' bytes')
        local frag1 = string.sub(frag, 1, boffset-1)
        local frag1_text = App.newText(love.graphics.getFont(), frag1)
        local frag1_width = App.width(frag1_text)
--?         print('extracting ^'..frag1..'$ of width '..tostring(frag1_width)..'px')
        assert(x + frag1_width <= State.right)
        table.insert(line_cache.fragments, {data=frag1, text=frag1_text})
        frag = string.sub(frag, boffset)
        frag_text = App.newText(love.graphics.getFont(), frag)
        frag_width = App.width(frag_text)
      end
      x = State.left  -- new line
    end
    if #frag > 0 then
--?       print('inserting ^'..frag..'$ of width '..tostring(frag_width)..'px')
      table.insert(line_cache.fragments, {data=frag, text=frag_text})
    end
    x = x + frag_width
  end
end

function Text.textinput(State, t)
  if App.mouse_down(1) then return end
  if App.ctrl_down() or App.alt_down() or App.cmd_down() then return end
  local before = snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line)
--?   print(State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos, State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.pos, State.screen_bottom1.line, State.screen_bottom1.pos)
  Text.insert_at_cursor(State, t)
  if State.cursor_y >= App.screen.height - State.line_height then
    Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, State.cursor1.line)
    Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State, State.left, State.right)
--?     print('=>', State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos, State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.pos, State.screen_bottom1.line, State.screen_bottom1.pos)
  end
  record_undo_event(State, {before=before, after=snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line)})
end

function Text.insert_at_cursor(State, t)
  local byte_offset = Text.offset(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos)
  State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data = string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, 1, byte_offset-1)..t..string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, byte_offset)
  Text.clear_screen_line_cache(State, State.cursor1.line)
  State.cursor1.pos = State.cursor1.pos+1
end

-- Don't handle any keys here that would trigger love.textinput above.
function Text.keychord_pressed(State, chord)
--?   print('chord', chord, State.selection1.line, State.selection1.pos)
  --== shortcuts that mutate text
  if chord == 'return' then
    local before_line = State.cursor1.line
    local before = snapshot(State, before_line)
    Text.insert_return(State)
    State.selection1 = {}
    if (State.cursor_y + State.line_height) > App.screen.height then
      Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State, State.left, State.right)
    end
    schedule_save(State)
    record_undo_event(State, {before=before, after=snapshot(State, before_line, State.cursor1.line)})
  elseif chord == 'tab' then
    local before = snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line)
--?     print(State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos, State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.pos, State.screen_bottom1.line, State.screen_bottom1.pos)
    Text.insert_at_cursor(State, '\t')
    if State.cursor_y >= App.screen.height - State.line_height then
      Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, State.cursor1.line)
      Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State, State.left, State.right)
--?       print('=>', State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos, State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.pos, State.screen_bottom1.line, State.screen_bottom1.pos)
    end
    schedule_save(State)
    record_undo_event(State, {before=before, after=snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line)})
  elseif chord == 'backspace' then
    if State.selection1.line then
      Text.delete_selection(State, State.left, State.right)
      schedule_save(State)
      return
    end
    local before
    if State.cursor1.pos > 1 then
      before = snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line)
      local byte_start = utf8.offset(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos-1)
      local byte_end = utf8.offset(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos)
      if byte_start then
        if byte_end then
          State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data = string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, 1, byte_start-1)..string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, byte_end)
        else
          State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data = string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, 1, byte_start-1)
        end
        State.cursor1.pos = State.cursor1.pos-1
      end
    elseif State.cursor1.line > 1 then
      before = snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line-1, State.cursor1.line)
      if State.lines[State.cursor1.line-1].mode == 'drawing' then
        table.remove(State.lines, State.cursor1.line-1)
        table.remove(State.line_cache, State.cursor1.line-1)
      else
        -- join lines
        State.cursor1.pos = utf8.len(State.lines[State.cursor1.line-1].data)+1
        State.lines[State.cursor1.line-1].data = State.lines[State.cursor1.line-1].data..State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data
        table.remove(State.lines, State.cursor1.line)
        table.remove(State.line_cache, State.cursor1.line)
      end
      State.cursor1.line = State.cursor1.line-1
    end
    if Text.lt1(State.cursor1, State.screen_top1) then
      local top2 = Text.to2(State, State.screen_top1, State.left, State.right)
      top2 = Text.previous_screen_line(State, top2, State.left, State.right)
      State.screen_top1 = Text.to1(State, top2)
      Text.redraw_all(State)  -- if we're scrolling, reclaim all fragments to avoid memory leaks
    end
    Text.clear_screen_line_cache(State, State.cursor1.line)
    assert(Text.le1(State.screen_top1, State.cursor1))
    schedule_save(State)
    record_undo_event(State, {before=before, after=snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line)})
  elseif chord == 'delete' then
    if State.selection1.line then
      Text.delete_selection(State, State.left, State.right)
      schedule_save(State)
      return
    end
    local before
    if State.cursor1.pos <= utf8.len(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data) then
      before = snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line)
    else
      before = snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.line+1)
    end
    if State.cursor1.pos <= utf8.len(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data) then
      local byte_start = utf8.offset(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos)
      local byte_end = utf8.offset(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos+1)
      if byte_start then
        if byte_end then
          State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data = string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, 1, byte_start-1)..string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, byte_end)
        else
          State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data = string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, 1, byte_start-1)
        end
        -- no change to State.cursor1.pos
      end
    elseif State.cursor1.line < #State.lines then
      if State.lines[State.cursor1.line+1].mode == 'text' then
        -- join lines
        State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data = State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data..State.lines[State.cursor1.line+1].data
      end
      table.remove(State.lines, State.cursor1.line+1)
      table.remove(State.line_cache, State.cursor1.line+1)
    end
    Text.clear_screen_line_cache(State, State.cursor1.line)
    schedule_save(State)
    record_undo_event(State, {before=before, after=snapshot(State, State.cursor1.line)})
  --== shortcuts that move the cursor
  elseif chord == 'left' then
    Text.left(State, State.left, State.right)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'right' then
    Text.right(State, State.left, State.right)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'S-left' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.left(State, State.left, State.right)
  elseif chord == 'S-right' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.right(State, State.left, State.right)
  -- C- hotkeys reserved for drawings, so we'll use M-
  elseif chord == 'M-left' then
    Text.word_left(State, State.left, State.right)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'M-right' then
    Text.word_right(State, State.left, State.right)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'M-S-left' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.word_left(State, State.left, State.right)
  elseif chord == 'M-S-right' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.word_right(State, State.left, State.right)
  elseif chord == 'home' then
    Text.start_of_line(State)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'end' then
    Text.end_of_line(State, State.left, State.right)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'S-home' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.start_of_line(State)
  elseif chord == 'S-end' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.end_of_line(State, State.left, State.right)
  elseif chord == 'up' then
    Text.up(State, State.left, State.right)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'down' then
    Text.down(State, State.left, State.right)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'S-up' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.up(State, State.left, State.right)
  elseif chord == 'S-down' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.down(State, State.left, State.right)
  elseif chord == 'pageup' then
    Text.pageup(State, State.left, State.right)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'pagedown' then
    Text.pagedown(State, State.left, State.right)
    State.selection1 = {}
  elseif chord == 'S-pageup' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.pageup(State, State.left, State.right)
  elseif chord == 'S-pagedown' then
    if State.selection1.line == nil then
      State.selection1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}
    end
    Text.pagedown(State, State.left, State.right)
  end
end

function Text.insert_return(State)
  local byte_offset = Text.offset(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos)
  table.insert(State.lines, State.cursor1.line+1, {mode='text', data=string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, byte_offset)})
  table.insert(State.line_cache, State.cursor1.line+1, {})
  State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data = string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, 1, byte_offset-1)
  Text.clear_screen_line_cache(State, State.cursor1.line)
  State.cursor1.line = State.cursor1.line+1
  State.cursor1.pos = 1
end

function Text.pageup(State)
--?   print('pageup')
  -- duplicate some logic from love.draw
  local top2 = Text.to2(State, State.screen_top1)
--?   print(App.screen.height)
  local y = App.screen.height - State.line_height
  while y >= State.top do
--?     print(y, top2.line, top2.screen_line, top2.screen_pos)
    if State.screen_top1.line == 1 and State.screen_top1.pos == 1 then break end
    if State.lines[State.screen_top1.line].mode == 'text' then
      y = y - State.line_height
    elseif State.lines[State.screen_top1.line].mode == 'drawing' then
      y = y - Drawing_padding_height - Drawing.pixels(State.lines[State.screen_top1.line].h, State.width)
    end
    top2 = Text.previous_screen_line(State, top2)
  end
  State.screen_top1 = Text.to1(State, top2)
  State.cursor1.line = State.screen_top1.line
  State.cursor1.pos = State.screen_top1.pos
  Text.move_cursor_down_to_next_text_line_while_scrolling_again_if_necessary(State)
--?   print(State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.pos, State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos)
--?   print('pageup end')
end

function Text.pagedown(State)
--?   print('pagedown')
  -- If a line/paragraph gets to a page boundary, I often want to scroll
  -- before I get to the bottom.
  -- However, only do this if it makes forward progress.
  local top2 = Text.to2(State, State.screen_bottom1)
  if top2.screen_line > 1 then
    top2.screen_line = math.max(top2.screen_line-10, 1)
  end
  local new_top1 = Text.to1(State, top2)
  if Text.lt1(State.screen_top1, new_top1) then
    State.screen_top1 = new_top1
  else
    State.screen_top1.line = State.screen_bottom1.line
    State.screen_top1.pos = State.screen_bottom1.pos
  end
--?   print('setting top to', State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos)
  State.cursor1.line = State.screen_top1.line
  State.cursor1.pos = State.screen_top1.pos
  Text.move_cursor_down_to_next_text_line_while_scrolling_again_if_necessary(State)
--?   print('top now', State.screen_top1.line)
  Text.redraw_all(State)  -- if we're scrolling, reclaim all fragments to avoid memory leaks
--?   print('pagedown end')
end

function Text.up(State)
  assert(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].mode == 'text')
--?   print('up', State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.pos, State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos)
  local screen_line_index,screen_line_starting_pos = Text.pos_at_start_of_cursor_screen_line(State)
  if screen_line_starting_pos == 1 then
--?     print('cursor is at first screen line of its line')
    -- line is done; skip to previous text line
    local new_cursor_line = State.cursor1.line
    while new_cursor_line > 1 do
      new_cursor_line = new_cursor_line-1
      if State.lines[new_cursor_line].mode == 'text' then
--?         print('found previous text line')
        State.cursor1.line = new_cursor_line
        Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, State.cursor1.line)
        -- previous text line found, pick its final screen line
--?         print('has multiple screen lines')
        local screen_line_starting_pos = State.line_cache[State.cursor1.line].screen_line_starting_pos
--?         print(#screen_line_starting_pos)
        screen_line_starting_pos = screen_line_starting_pos[#screen_line_starting_pos]
--?         print('previous screen line starts at pos '..tostring(screen_line_starting_pos)..' of its line')
        if State.screen_top1.line > State.cursor1.line then
          State.screen_top1.line = State.cursor1.line
          State.screen_top1.pos = screen_line_starting_pos
--?           print('pos of top of screen is also '..tostring(State.screen_top1.pos)..' of the same line')
        end
        local screen_line_starting_byte_offset = Text.offset(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, screen_line_starting_pos)
        local s = string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, screen_line_starting_byte_offset)
        State.cursor1.pos = screen_line_starting_pos + Text.nearest_cursor_pos(s, State.cursor_x, State.left) - 1
        break
      end
    end
    if State.cursor1.line < State.screen_top1.line then
      State.screen_top1.line = State.cursor1.line
    end
  else
    -- move up one screen line in current line
--?     print('cursor is NOT at first screen line of its line')
    assert(screen_line_index > 1)
    new_screen_line_starting_pos = State.line_cache[State.cursor1.line].screen_line_starting_pos[screen_line_index-1]
--?     print('switching pos of screen line at cursor from '..tostring(screen_line_starting_pos)..' to '..tostring(new_screen_line_starting_pos))
    if State.screen_top1.line == State.cursor1.line and State.screen_top1.pos == screen_line_starting_pos then
      State.screen_top1.pos = new_screen_line_starting_pos
--?       print('also setting pos of top of screen to '..tostring(State.screen_top1.pos))
    end
    local new_screen_line_starting_byte_offset = Text.offset(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, new_screen_line_starting_pos)
    local s = string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, new_screen_line_starting_byte_offset)
    State.cursor1.pos = new_screen_line_starting_pos + Text.nearest_cursor_pos(s, State.cursor_x, State.left) - 1
--?     print('cursor pos is now '..tostring(State.cursor1.pos))
  end
end

function Text.down(State)
  assert(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].mode == 'text')
--?   print('down', State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.pos, State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos, State.screen_bottom1.line, State.screen_bottom1.pos)
  if Text.cursor_at_final_screen_line(State) then
    -- line is done, skip to next text line
--?     print('cursor at final screen line of its line')
    local new_cursor_line = State.cursor1.line
    while new_cursor_line < #State.lines do
      new_cursor_line = new_cursor_line+1
      if State.lines[new_cursor_line].mode == 'text' then
        State.cursor1.line = new_cursor_line
        State.cursor1.pos = Text.nearest_cursor_pos(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor_x, State.left)
--?         print(State.cursor1.pos)
        break
      end
    end
    if State.cursor1.line > State.screen_bottom1.line then
--?       print('screen top before:', State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos)
--?       print('scroll up preserving cursor')
      Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State)
--?       print('screen top after:', State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos)
    end
  else
    -- move down one screen line in current line
    local scroll_down = false
    if Text.le1(State.screen_bottom1, State.cursor1) then
      scroll_down = true
    end
--?     print('cursor is NOT at final screen line of its line')
    local screen_line_index, screen_line_starting_pos = Text.pos_at_start_of_cursor_screen_line(State)
    new_screen_line_starting_pos = State.line_cache[State.cursor1.line].screen_line_starting_pos[screen_line_index+1]
--?     print('switching pos of screen line at cursor from '..tostring(screen_line_starting_pos)..' to '..tostring(new_screen_line_starting_pos))
    local new_screen_line_starting_byte_offset = Text.offset(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, new_screen_line_starting_pos)
    local s = string.sub(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, new_screen_line_starting_byte_offset)
    State.cursor1.pos = new_screen_line_starting_pos + Text.nearest_cursor_pos(s, State.cursor_x, State.left) - 1
--?     print('cursor pos is now', State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.pos)
    if scroll_down then
--?       print('scroll up preserving cursor')
      Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State)
--?       print('screen top after:', State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos)
    end
  end
--?   print('=>', State.cursor1.line, State.cursor1.pos, State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos, State.screen_bottom1.line, State.screen_bottom1.pos)
end

function Text.start_of_line(State)
  State.cursor1.pos = 1
  if Text.lt1(State.cursor1, State.screen_top1) then
    State.screen_top1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=State.cursor1.pos}  -- copy
  end
end

function Text.end_of_line(State)
  State.cursor1.pos = utf8.len(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data) + 1
  local _,botpos = Text.pos_at_start_of_cursor_screen_line(State)
  local botline1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=botpos}
  if Text.cursor_past_screen_bottom(State) then
    Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State)
  end
end

function Text.word_left(State)
  -- skip some whitespace
  while true do
    if State.cursor1.pos == 1 then
      break
    end
    if Text.match(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos-1, '%S') then
      break
    end
    Text.left(State)
  end
  -- skip some non-whitespace
  while true do
    Text.left(State)
    if State.cursor1.pos == 1 then
      break
    end
    assert(State.cursor1.pos > 1)
    if Text.match(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos-1, '%s') then
      break
    end
  end
end

function Text.word_right(State)
  -- skip some whitespace
  while true do
    if State.cursor1.pos > utf8.len(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data) then
      break
    end
    if Text.match(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos, '%S') then
      break
    end
    Text.right_without_scroll(State)
  end
  while true do
    Text.right_without_scroll(State)
    if State.cursor1.pos > utf8.len(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data) then
      break
    end
    if Text.match(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data, State.cursor1.pos, '%s') then
      break
    end
  end
  if Text.cursor_past_screen_bottom(State) then
    Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State)
  end
end

function Text.match(s, pos, pat)
  local start_offset = Text.offset(s, pos)
  assert(start_offset)
  local end_offset = Text.offset(s, pos+1)
  assert(end_offset > start_offset)
  local curr = s:sub(start_offset, end_offset-1)
  return curr:match(pat)
end

function Text.left(State)
  assert(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].mode == 'text')
  if State.cursor1.pos > 1 then
    State.cursor1.pos = State.cursor1.pos-1
  else
    local new_cursor_line = State.cursor1.line
    while new_cursor_line > 1 do
      new_cursor_line = new_cursor_line-1
      if State.lines[new_cursor_line].mode == 'text' then
        State.cursor1.line = new_cursor_line
        State.cursor1.pos = utf8.len(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data) + 1
        break
      end
    end
  end
  if Text.lt1(State.cursor1, State.screen_top1) then
    local top2 = Text.to2(State, State.screen_top1)
    top2 = Text.previous_screen_line(State, top2)
    State.screen_top1 = Text.to1(State, top2)
  end
end

function Text.right(State)
  Text.right_without_scroll(State)
  if Text.cursor_past_screen_bottom(State) then
    Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State)
  end
end

function Text.right_without_scroll(State)
  assert(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].mode == 'text')
  if State.cursor1.pos <= utf8.len(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].data) then
    State.cursor1.pos = State.cursor1.pos+1
  else
    local new_cursor_line = State.cursor1.line
    while new_cursor_line <= #State.lines-1 do
      new_cursor_line = new_cursor_line+1
      if State.lines[new_cursor_line].mode == 'text' then
        State.cursor1.line = new_cursor_line
        State.cursor1.pos = 1
        break
      end
    end
  end
end

function Text.pos_at_start_of_cursor_screen_line(State)
  Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, State.cursor1.line)
  for i=#State.line_cache[State.cursor1.line].screen_line_starting_pos,1,-1 do
    local spos = State.line_cache[State.cursor1.line].screen_line_starting_pos[i]
    if spos <= State.cursor1.pos then
      return i,spos
    end
  end
  assert(false)
end

function Text.cursor_at_final_screen_line(State)
  Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, State.cursor1.line)
  local screen_lines = State.line_cache[State.cursor1.line].screen_line_starting_pos
--?   print(screen_lines[#screen_lines], State.cursor1.pos)
  return screen_lines[#screen_lines] <= State.cursor1.pos
end

function Text.move_cursor_down_to_next_text_line_while_scrolling_again_if_necessary(State)
  local y = State.top
  while State.cursor1.line <= #State.lines do
    if State.lines[State.cursor1.line].mode == 'text' then
      break
    end
--?     print('cursor skips', State.cursor1.line)
    y = y + Drawing_padding_height + Drawing.pixels(State.lines[State.cursor1.line].h, State.width)
    State.cursor1.line = State.cursor1.line + 1
  end
  -- hack: insert a text line at bottom of file if necessary
  if State.cursor1.line > #State.lines then
    assert(State.cursor1.line == #State.lines+1)
    table.insert(State.lines, {mode='text', data=''})
    table.insert(State.line_cache, {})
  end
--?   print(y, App.screen.height, App.screen.height-State.line_height)
  if y > App.screen.height - State.line_height then
--?     print('scroll up')
    Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State)
  end
end

-- should never modify State.cursor1
function Text.snap_cursor_to_bottom_of_screen(State)
  local top2 = Text.to2(State, State.cursor1)
  top2.screen_pos = 1  -- start of screen line
--?   print('cursor pos '..tostring(State.cursor1.pos)..' is on the #'..tostring(top2.screen_line)..' screen line down')
  local y = App.screen.height - State.line_height
  -- duplicate some logic from love.draw
  while true do
--?     print(y, 'top2:', top2.line, top2.screen_line, top2.screen_pos)
    if top2.line == 1 and top2.screen_line == 1 then break end
    if top2.screen_line > 1 or State.lines[top2.line-1].mode == 'text' then
      local h = State.line_height
      if y - h < State.top then
        break
      end
      y = y - h
    else
      assert(top2.line > 1)
      assert(State.lines[top2.line-1].mode == 'drawing')
      -- We currently can't draw partial drawings, so either skip it entirely
      -- or not at all.
      local h = Drawing_padding_height + Drawing.pixels(State.lines[top2.line-1].h, State.width)
      if y - h < State.top then
        break
      end
--?       print('skipping drawing of height', h)
      y = y - h
    end
    top2 = Text.previous_screen_line(State, top2)
  end
--?   print('top2 finally:', top2.line, top2.screen_line, top2.screen_pos)
  State.screen_top1 = Text.to1(State, top2)
--?   print('top1 finally:', State.screen_top1.line, State.screen_top1.pos)
  Text.redraw_all(State)  -- if we're scrolling, reclaim all fragments to avoid memory leaks
end

function Text.in_line(State, line_index, x,y)
  local line = State.lines[line_index]
  local line_cache = State.line_cache[line_index]
  if line_cache.starty == nil then return false end  -- outside current page
  if x < State.left then return false end
  if y < line_cache.starty then return false end
  Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, line_index)
  return y < line_cache.starty + State.line_height*(#line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos - Text.screen_line_index(line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos, line_cache.startpos) + 1)
end

-- convert mx,my in pixels to schema-1 coordinates
function Text.to_pos_on_line(State, line_index, mx, my)
  local line = State.lines[line_index]
  local line_cache = State.line_cache[line_index]
  if line_cache.fragments == nil then
    Text.compute_fragments(State, line_index)
  end
  assert(my >= line_cache.starty)
  -- duplicate some logic from Text.draw
  local y = line_cache.starty
  local start_screen_line_index = Text.screen_line_index(line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos, line_cache.startpos)
  for screen_line_index = start_screen_line_index,#line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos do
    local screen_line_starting_pos = line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos[screen_line_index]
    local screen_line_starting_byte_offset = Text.offset(line.data, screen_line_starting_pos)
--?     print('iter', y, screen_line_index, screen_line_starting_pos, string.sub(line.data, screen_line_starting_byte_offset))
    local nexty = y + State.line_height
    if my < nexty then
      -- On all wrapped screen lines but the final one, clicks past end of
      -- line position cursor on final character of screen line.
      -- (The final screen line positions past end of screen line as always.)
      if screen_line_index < #line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos and mx > State.left + Text.screen_line_width(State, line_index, screen_line_index) then
--?         print('past end of non-final line; return')
        return line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos[screen_line_index+1]-1
      end
      local s = string.sub(line.data, screen_line_starting_byte_offset)
--?       print('return', mx, Text.nearest_cursor_pos(s, mx, State.left), '=>', screen_line_starting_pos + Text.nearest_cursor_pos(s, mx, State.left) - 1)
      return screen_line_starting_pos + Text.nearest_cursor_pos(s, mx, State.left) - 1
    end
    y = nexty
  end
  assert(false)
end

function Text.screen_line_width(State, line_index, i)
  local line = State.lines[line_index]
  local line_cache = State.line_cache[line_index]
  local start_pos = line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos[i]
  local start_offset = Text.offset(line.data, start_pos)
  local screen_line
  if i < #line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos then
    local past_end_pos = line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos[i+1]
    local past_end_offset = Text.offset(line.data, past_end_pos)
    screen_line = string.sub(line.data, start_offset, past_end_offset-1)
  else
    screen_line = string.sub(line.data, start_pos)
  end
  local screen_line_text = App.newText(love.graphics.getFont(), screen_line)
  return App.width(screen_line_text)
end

function Text.screen_line_index(screen_line_starting_pos, pos)
  for i = #screen_line_starting_pos,1,-1 do
    if screen_line_starting_pos[i] <= pos then
      return i
    end
  end
end

-- convert x pixel coordinate to pos
-- oblivious to wrapping
-- result: 1 to len+1
function Text.nearest_cursor_pos(line, x, left)
  if x == 0 then
    return 1
  end
  local len = utf8.len(line)
  local max_x = left+Text.x(line, len+1)
  if x > max_x then
    return len+1
  end
  local leftpos, rightpos = 1, len+1
--?   print('-- nearest', x)
  while true do
--?     print('nearest', x, '^'..line..'$', leftpos, rightpos)
    if leftpos == rightpos then
      return leftpos
    end
    local curr = math.floor((leftpos+rightpos)/2)
    local currxmin = left+Text.x(line, curr)
    local currxmax = left+Text.x(line, curr+1)
--?     print('nearest', x, leftpos, rightpos, curr, currxmin, currxmax)
    if currxmin <= x and x < currxmax then
      if x-currxmin < currxmax-x then
        return curr
      else
        return curr+1
      end
    end
    if leftpos >= rightpos-1 then
      return rightpos
    end
    if currxmin > x then
      rightpos = curr
    else
      leftpos = curr
    end
  end
  assert(false)
end

-- return the nearest index of line (in utf8 code points) which lies entirely
-- within x pixels of the left margin
-- result: 0 to len+1
function Text.nearest_pos_less_than(line, x)
--?   print('', '-- nearest_pos_less_than', line, x)
  local len = utf8.len(line)
  local max_x = Text.x_after(line, len)
  if x > max_x then
    return len+1
  end
  local left, right = 0, len+1
  while true do
    local curr = math.floor((left+right)/2)
    local currxmin = Text.x_after(line, curr+1)
    local currxmax = Text.x_after(line, curr+2)
--?     print('', x, left, right, curr, currxmin, currxmax)
    if currxmin <= x and x < currxmax then
      return curr
    end
    if left >= right-1 then
      return left
    end
    if currxmin > x then
      right = curr
    else
      left = curr
    end
  end
  assert(false)
end

function Text.x_after(s, pos)
  local offset = Text.offset(s, math.min(pos+1, #s+1))
  local s_before = s:sub(1, offset-1)
--?   print('^'..s_before..'$')
  local text_before = App.newText(love.graphics.getFont(), s_before)
  return App.width(text_before)
end

function Text.x(s, pos)
  local offset = Text.offset(s, pos)
  local s_before = s:sub(1, offset-1)
  local text_before = App.newText(love.graphics.getFont(), s_before)
  return App.width(text_before)
end

function Text.to2(State, pos1)
  if State.lines[pos1.line].mode == 'drawing' then
    return {line=pos1.line, screen_line=1, screen_pos=1}
  end
  local result = {line=pos1.line, screen_line=1}
  Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, pos1.line)
  for i=#State.line_cache[pos1.line].screen_line_starting_pos,1,-1 do
    local spos = State.line_cache[pos1.line].screen_line_starting_pos[i]
    if spos <= pos1.pos then
      result.screen_line = i
      result.screen_pos = pos1.pos - spos + 1
      break
    end
  end
  assert(result.screen_pos)
  return result
end

function Text.to1(State, pos2)
  local result = {line=pos2.line, pos=pos2.screen_pos}
  if pos2.screen_line > 1 then
    result.pos = State.line_cache[pos2.line].screen_line_starting_pos[pos2.screen_line] + pos2.screen_pos - 1
  end
  return result
end

function Text.eq1(a, b)
  return a.line == b.line and a.pos == b.pos
end

function Text.lt1(a, b)
  if a.line < b.line then
    return true
  end
  if a.line > b.line then
    return false
  end
  return a.pos < b.pos
end

function Text.le1(a, b)
  if a.line < b.line then
    return true
  end
  if a.line > b.line then
    return false
  end
  return a.pos <= b.pos
end

function Text.offset(s, pos1)
  if pos1 == 1 then return 1 end
  local result = utf8.offset(s, pos1)
  if result == nil then
    print(pos1, #s, s)
  end
  assert(result)
  return result
end

function Text.previous_screen_line(State, pos2)
  if pos2.screen_line > 1 then
    return {line=pos2.line, screen_line=pos2.screen_line-1, screen_pos=1}
  elseif pos2.line == 1 then
    return pos2
  elseif State.lines[pos2.line-1].mode == 'drawing' then
    return {line=pos2.line-1, screen_line=1, screen_pos=1}
  else
    local l = State.lines[pos2.line-1]
    Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, pos2.line-1)
    return {line=pos2.line-1, screen_line=#State.line_cache[pos2.line-1].screen_line_starting_pos, screen_pos=1}
  end
end

function Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, line_index)
  local line = State.lines[line_index]
  local line_cache = State.line_cache[line_index]
  if line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos then
    return
  end
  -- duplicate some logic from Text.draw
  if line_cache.fragments == nil then
    Text.compute_fragments(State, line_index)
  end
  line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos = {1}
  local x = State.left
  local pos = 1
  for _, f in ipairs(line_cache.fragments) do
    local frag, frag_text = f.data, f.text
    -- render fragment
    local frag_width = App.width(frag_text)
    if x + frag_width > State.right then
      x = State.left
      table.insert(line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos, pos)
    end
    x = x + frag_width
    local frag_len = utf8.len(frag)
    pos = pos + frag_len
  end
end

-- resize helper
function Text.tweak_screen_top_and_cursor(State)
--?   print('a', State.selection1.line)
  if State.screen_top1.pos == 1 then return end
  Text.populate_screen_line_starting_pos(State, State.screen_top1.line)
  local line = State.lines[State.screen_top1.line]
  local line_cache = State.line_cache[State.screen_top1.line]
  for i=2,#line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos do
    local pos = line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos[i]
    if pos == State.screen_top1.pos then
      break
    end
    if pos > State.screen_top1.pos then
      -- make sure screen top is at start of a screen line
      local prev = line_cache.screen_line_starting_pos[i-1]
      if State.screen_top1.pos - prev < pos - State.screen_top1.pos then
        State.screen_top1.pos = prev
      else
        State.screen_top1.pos = pos
      end
      break
    end
  end
  -- make sure cursor is on screen
  if Text.lt1(State.cursor1, State.screen_top1) then
    State.cursor1 = {line=State.screen_top1.line, pos=State.screen_top1.pos}
  elseif State.cursor1.line >= State.screen_bottom1.line then
--?     print('too low')
    if Text.cursor_past_screen_bottom(State) then
--?       print('tweak')
      State.cursor1 = {
          line=State.screen_bottom1.line,
          pos=Text.to_pos_on_line(State, State.screen_bottom1.line, State.right-5, App.screen.height-5),
      }
    end
  end
end

-- slightly expensive since it redraws the screen
function Text.cursor_past_screen_bottom(State)
  App.draw()
  return State.cursor_y >= App.screen.height - State.line_height
  -- this approach is cheaper and almost works, except on the final screen
  -- where file ends above bottom of screen
--?   local _,botpos = Text.pos_at_start_of_cursor_screen_line(State)
--?   local botline1 = {line=State.cursor1.line, pos=botpos}
--?   return Text.lt1(State.screen_bottom1, botline1)
end

function Text.redraw_all(State)
--?   print('clearing fragments')
  State.line_cache = {}
  for i=1,#State.lines do
    State.line_cache[i] = {}
  end
end

function Text.clear_screen_line_cache(State, line_index)
  State.line_cache[line_index].fragments = nil
  State.line_cache[line_index].screen_line_starting_pos = nil
end