#+SETUPFILE: ~/.emacs.d/org-templates/level-3.org
#+HTML_LINK_UP: ../../index.html#2020
#+OPTIONS: toc:1
#+EXPORT_FILE_NAME: index
#+TITLE: Day 12 - Rain Risk
* Puzzle
- This puzzle is taken from: https://adventofcode.com/2020/day/12
Your ferry made decent progress toward the island, but the storm came in
faster than anyone expected. The ferry needs to take evasive actions!
Unfortunately, the ship's navigation computer seems to be
malfunctioning; rather than giving a route directly to safety, it
produced extremely circuitous instructions. When the captain uses the PA
system to ask if anyone can help, you quickly volunteer.
The navigation instructions (your puzzle input) consists of a sequence
of single-character actions paired with integer input values. After
staring at them for a few minutes, you work out what they probably mean:
- Action N means to move north by the given value.
- Action S means to move south by the given value.
- Action E means to move east by the given value.
- Action W means to move west by the given value.
- Action L means to turn left the given number of degrees.
- Action R means to turn right the given number of degrees.
- Action F means to move forward by the given value in the direction the
ship is currently facing.
The ship starts by facing east. Only the L and R actions change the
direction the ship is facing. (That is, if the ship is facing east and
the next instruction is N10, the ship would move north 10 units, but
would still move east if the following action were F.)
For example:
#+BEGIN_SRC
F10
N3
F7
R90
F11
#+END_SRC
These instructions would be handled as follows:
- F10 would move the ship 10 units east (because the ship starts by
facing east) to east 10, north 0.
- N3 would move the ship 3 units north to east 10, north 3.
- F7 would move the ship another 7 units east (because the ship is still
facing east) to east 17, north 3.
- R90 would cause the ship to turn right by 90 degrees and face south;
it remains at east 17, north 3.
- F11 would move the ship 11 units south to east 17, south 8.
At the end of these instructions, the ship's Manhattan distance (sum of
the absolute values of its east/west position and its north/south
position) from its starting position is 17 + 8 = 25.
Figure out where the navigation instructions lead. What is the Manhattan
distance between that location and the ship's starting position?
** Part 2
Before you can give the destination to the captain, you realize that the
actual action meanings were printed on the back of the instructions the
whole time.
Almost all of the actions indicate how to move a waypoint which is
relative to the ship's position:
- Action N means to move the waypoint north by the given value.
- Action S means to move the waypoint south by the given value.
- Action E means to move the waypoint east by the given value.
- Action W means to move the waypoint west by the given value.
- Action L means to rotate the waypoint around the ship left
(counter-clockwise) the given number of degrees.
- Action R means to rotate the waypoint around the ship right
(clockwise) the given number of degrees.
- Action F means to move forward to the waypoint a number of times equal
to the given value.
The waypoint starts 10 units east and 1 unit north relative to the ship.
The waypoint is relative to the ship; that is, if the ship moves, the
waypoint moves with it.
For example, using the same instructions as above:
- F10 moves the ship to the waypoint 10 times (a total of 100 units east
and 10 units north), leaving the ship at east 100, north 10. The
waypoint stays 10 units east and 1 unit north of the ship.
- N3 moves the waypoint 3 units north to 10 units east and 4 units north
of the ship. The ship remains at east 100, north 10.
- F7 moves the ship to the waypoint 7 times (a total of 70 units east
and 28 units north), leaving the ship at east 170, north 38. The
waypoint stays 10 units east and 4 units north of the ship.
- R90 rotates the waypoint around the ship clockwise 90 degrees, moving
it to 4 units east and 10 units south of the ship. The ship remains at
east 170, north 38.
- F11 moves the ship to the waypoint 11 times (a total of 44 units east
and 110 units south), leaving the ship at east 214, south 72. The
waypoint stays 4 units east and 10 units south of the ship.
After these operations, the ship's Manhattan distance from its starting
position is 214 + 72 = 286.
Figure out where the navigation instructions actually lead. What is the
Manhattan distance between that location and the ship's starting
position?
* Solution
=@instructions= hold the instructions & =Instruction= is a token that will
parse them. It seperates the action from value. =@ship= holds the position
of ship, 0th index will hold east/west position where east is positive &
1st index holds north/south position where north will be positive.
#+BEGIN_SRC raku
unit sub MAIN (
Int $part where * == 1|2 = 1 #= part to run (1 or 2)
);
my @instructions = "input".IO.lines;
# east/west, north/south. east/north are positive.
my Int @ship[2] = 0, 0;
my token Instruction { (N|S|E|W|L|R|F) (\d+) };
if $part == 1 {
...
} elsif $part == 2 {
...
}
...
#+END_SRC
For part 1, =$facing= holds index that tells us the direction our ship is
facing. =@directions= holds all the possible directions the ship face.
Next we just follow the instructions for when the action is =N|S|E|W=. For
action "L" & "R", we have to perform some checks to wrap =$facing= around.
=$facing= holds the index of =@directions= & that is why it needs to be
kept between 0 to 3. The for loop in "L" & "R" is for the number of time
the turning action needs to be performed. For example, if the value is
180 then we turn 2 times.
"F" just handles how the ship goes forward according to which direction
it is in.
#+BEGIN_SRC raku
my Str @directions[4] = <E S W N>;
my Int $facing = 0;
for @instructions -> $instruction {
if $instruction ~~ &Instruction -> $match {
given $match[0] {
when 'N' { @ship[1] += $match[1]; }
when 'S' { @ship[1] -= $match[1]; }
when 'E' { @ship[0] += $match[1]; }
when 'W' { @ship[0] -= $match[1]; }
when 'L' {
for 1..($match[1] / 90).Int {
if $facing == 0 {
$facing = 3;
} else {
$facing -= 1;
}
}
}
when 'R' {
for 1..($match[1] / 90).Int {
if $facing == 3 {
$facing = 0;
} else {
$facing += 1;
}
}
}
when 'F' {
given @directions[$facing] {
when 'N' { @ship[1] += $match[1]; }
when 'S' { @ship[1] -= $match[1]; }
when 'E' { @ship[0] += $match[1]; }
when 'W' { @ship[0] -= $match[1]; }
}
}
}
}
}
#+END_SRC
For solution we just print the sum of numbers in =@ship=, their absolute
values are considered.
#+BEGIN_SRC raku
say "Part $part: ", [+] @ship.map(*.abs);
#+END_SRC
** Part 2
For part 2, we define =@waypoint= which will hold the position of the
waypoint. =N|S|E|W= is modified according to the new rules, it'll update
the position of waypoint now instead of the ship.
"L" & "R" now rotate the waypoint in respective directions. And "F"
moves the ship forward according to the new rules.
#+BEGIN_SRC raku
# east/west, north/south. east/north are positive.
my Int @waypoint[2] = 10, 1;
for @instructions -> $instruction {
if $instruction ~~ &Instruction -> $match {
given $match[0] {
when 'N' { @waypoint[1] += $match[1]; }
when 'S' { @waypoint[1] -= $match[1]; }
when 'E' { @waypoint[0] += $match[1]; }
when 'W' { @waypoint[0] -= $match[1]; }
when 'L' {
for 1..($match[1] / 90).Int {
@waypoint = -@waypoint[1], @waypoint[0];
}
}
when 'R' {
for 1..($match[1] / 90).Int {
@waypoint = @waypoint[1], -@waypoint[0];
}
}
when 'F' {
@ship[0] += @waypoint[0] * $match[1];
@ship[1] += @waypoint[1] * $match[1];
}
}
}
}
#+END_SRC