path: root/js/functional.js

// probably best not to *actually* use these, and instead check out
//
// https://folktale.origamitower.com/
// https://ramdajs.com/
// https://github.com/fantasyland

// always :: a -> b -> a
const always = curry((a, b) => a);

// compose :: ((y -> z), (x -> y),  ..., (a -> b)) -> a -> z
const compose = (...fns) => (...args) => fns.reduceRight((res, fn) => [fn.call(null, ...res)], args)[0];

// curry :: ((a, b, ...) -> c) -> a -> b -> ... -> c
function curry(fn) {
  const arity = fn.length;

  return function $curry(...args) {
    if (args.length < arity) {
      return $curry.bind(null, ...args);
    }

    return fn.call(null, ...args);
  };
}

// either :: (a -> c) -> (b -> c) -> Either a b -> c
const either = curry((f, g, e) => {
  if (e.isLeft) {
    return f(e.$value);
  }

  return g(e.$value);
});

// identity :: x -> x
const identity = x => x;

// inspect :: a -> String
const inspect = (x) => {
  if (x && typeof x.inspect === 'function') {
    return x.inspect();
  }

  function inspectFn(f) {
    return f.name ? f.name : f.toString();
  }

  function inspectTerm(t) {
    switch (typeof t) {
      case 'string':
        return `'${t}'`;
      case 'object': {
        const ts = Object.keys(t).map(k => [k, inspect(t[k])]);
        return `{${ts.map(kv => kv.join(': ')).join(', ')}}`;
      }
      default:
        return String(t);
    }
  }

  function inspectArgs(args) {
    return Array.isArray(args) ? `[${args.map(inspect).join(', ')}]` : inspectTerm(args);
  }

  return (typeof x === 'function') ? inspectFn(x) : inspectArgs(x);
};

// left :: a -> Either a b
const left = a => new Left(a);

// liftA2 :: (Applicative f) => (a1 -> a2 -> b) -> f a1 -> f a2 -> f b
const liftA2 = curry((fn, a1, a2) => a1.map(fn).ap(a2));

// liftA3 :: (Applicative f) => (a1 -> a2 -> a3 -> b) -> f a1 -> f a2 -> f a3 -> f b
const liftA3 = curry((fn, a1, a2, a3) => a1.map(fn).ap(a2).ap(a3));

// maybe :: b -> (a -> b) -> Maybe a -> b
const maybe = curry((v, f, m) => {
  if (m.isNothing) {
    return v;
  }

  return f(m.$value);
});

// nothing :: Maybe a
const nothing = Maybe.of(null);

// reject :: a -> Task a b
const reject = a => Task.rejected(a);


const createCompose = curry((F, G) => class Compose {
  constructor(x) {
    this.$value = x;
  }

  [util.inspect.custom]() {
    return `Compose(${inspect(this.$value)})`;
  }

  // ----- Pointed (Compose F G)
  static of(x) {
    return new Compose(F(G(x)));
  }

  // ----- Functor (Compose F G)
  map(fn) {
    return new Compose(this.$value.map(x => x.map(fn)));
  }

  // ----- Applicative (Compose F G)
  ap(f) {
    return f.map(this.$value);
  }
});

class Either {
  constructor(x) {
    this.$value = x;
  }

  // ----- Pointed (Either a)
  static of(x) {
    return new Right(x);
  }
}

class Left extends Either {
  get isLeft() {
    return true;
  }

  get isRight() {
    return false;
  }

  static of(x) {
    throw new Error('`of` called on class Left (value) instead of Either (type)');
  }

  [util.inspect.custom]() {
    return `Left(${inspect(this.$value)})`;
  }

  // ----- Functor (Either a)
  map() {
    return this;
  }

  // ----- Applicative (Either a)
  ap() {
    return this;
  }

  // ----- Monad (Either a)
  chain() {
    return this;
  }

  join() {
    return this;
  }

  // ----- Traversable (Either a)
  sequence(of) {
    return of(this);
  }

  traverse(of, fn) {
    return of(this);
  }
}

class Right extends Either {
  get isLeft() {
    return false;
  }

  get isRight() {
    return true;
  }

  static of(x) {
    throw new Error('`of` called on class Right (value) instead of Either (type)');
  }

  [util.inspect.custom]() {
    return `Right(${inspect(this.$value)})`;
  }

  // ----- Functor (Either a)
  map(fn) {
    return Either.of(fn(this.$value));
  }

  // ----- Applicative (Either a)
  ap(f) {
    return f.map(this.$value);
  }

  // ----- Monad (Either a)
  chain(fn) {
    return fn(this.$value);
  }

  join() {
    return this.$value;
  }

  // ----- Traversable (Either a)
  sequence(of) {
    return this.traverse(of, identity);
  }

  traverse(of, fn) {
    fn(this.$value).map(Either.of);
  }
}

class Identity {
  constructor(x) {
    this.$value = x;
  }

  [util.inspect.custom]() {
    return `Identity(${inspect(this.$value)})`;
  }

  // ----- Pointed Identity
  static of(x) {
    return new Identity(x);
  }

  // ----- Functor Identity
  map(fn) {
    return Identity.of(fn(this.$value));
  }

  // ----- Applicative Identity
  ap(f) {
    return f.map(this.$value);
  }

  // ----- Monad Identity
  chain(fn) {
    return this.map(fn).join();
  }

  join() {
    return this.$value;
  }

  // ----- Traversable Identity
  sequence(of) {
    return this.traverse(of, identity);
  }

  traverse(of, fn) {
    return fn(this.$value).map(Identity.of);
  }
}

class IO {
  constructor(fn) {
    this.unsafePerformIO = fn;
  }

  [util.inspect.custom]() {
    return 'IO(?)';
  }

  // ----- Pointed IO
  static of(x) {
    return new IO(() => x);
  }

  // ----- Functor IO
  map(fn) {
    return new IO(compose(fn, this.unsafePerformIO));
  }

  // ----- Applicative IO
  ap(f) {
    return this.chain(fn => f.map(fn));
  }

  // ----- Monad IO
  chain(fn) {
    return this.map(fn).join();
  }

  join() {
    return new IO(() => this.unsafePerformIO().unsafePerformIO());
  }
}

class List {
  constructor(xs) {
    this.$value = xs;
  }

  [util.inspect.custom]() {
    return `List(${inspect(this.$value)})`;
  }

  concat(x) {
    return new List(this.$value.concat(x));
  }

  // ----- Pointed List
  static of(x) {
    return new List([x]);
  }

  // ----- Functor List
  map(fn) {
    return new List(this.$value.map(fn));
  }

  // ----- Traversable List
  sequence(of) {
    return this.traverse(of, identity);
  }

  traverse(of, fn) {
    return this.$value.reduce(
      (f, a) => fn(a).map(b => bs => bs.concat(b)).ap(f),
      of(new List([])),
    );
  }
}

class Map {
  constructor(x) {
    this.$value = x;
  }

  [util.inspect.custom]() {
    return `Map(${inspect(this.$value)})`;
  }

  insert(k, v) {
    const singleton = {};
    singleton[k] = v;
    return Map.of(Object.assign({}, this.$value, singleton));
  }

  reduceWithKeys(fn, zero) {
    return Object.keys(this.$value)
      .reduce((acc, k) => fn(acc, this.$value[k], k), zero);
  }

  // ----- Functor (Map a)
  map(fn) {
    return this.reduceWithKeys(
      (m, v, k) => m.insert(k, fn(v)),
      new Map({}),
    );
  }

  // ----- Traversable (Map a)
  sequence(of) {
    return this.traverse(of, identity);
  }

  traverse(of, fn) {
    return this.reduceWithKeys(
      (f, a, k) => fn(a).map(b => m => m.insert(k, b)).ap(f),
      of(new Map({})),
    );
  }
}

class Maybe {
  get isNothing() {
    return this.$value === null || this.$value === undefined;
  }

  get isJust() {
    return !this.isNothing;
  }

  constructor(x) {
    this.$value = x;
  }

  [util.inspect.custom]() {
    return this.isNothing ? 'Nothing' : `Just(${inspect(this.$value)})`;
  }

  // ----- Pointed Maybe
  static of(x) {
    return new Maybe(x);
  }

  // ----- Functor Maybe
  map(fn) {
    return this.isNothing ? this : Maybe.of(fn(this.$value));
  }

  // ----- Applicative Maybe
  ap(f) {
    return this.isNothing ? this : f.map(this.$value);
  }

  // ----- Monad Maybe
  chain(fn) {
    return this.map(fn).join();
  }

  join() {
    return this.isNothing ? this : this.$value;
  }

  // ----- Traversable Maybe
  sequence(of) {
    return this.traverse(of, identity);
  }

  traverse(of, fn) {
    return this.isNothing ? of(this) : fn(this.$value).map(Maybe.of);
  }
}

class Task {
  constructor(fork) {
    this.fork = fork;
  }

  [util.inspect.custom]() {
    return 'Task(?)';
  }

  static rejected(x) {
    return new Task((reject, _) => reject(x));
  }

  // ----- Pointed (Task a)
  static of(x) {
    return new Task((_, resolve) => resolve(x));
  }

  // ----- Functor (Task a)
  map(fn) {
    return new Task((reject, resolve) => this.fork(reject, compose(resolve, fn)));
  }

  // ----- Applicative (Task a)
  ap(f) {
    return this.chain(fn => f.map(fn));
  }

  // ----- Monad (Task a)
  chain(fn) {
    return new Task((reject, resolve) => this.fork(reject, x => fn(x).fork(reject, resolve)));
  }

  join() {
    return this.chain(identity);
  }
}