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application means that functions automatically return new functions when called with fewer arguments than they expect. This is also called currying.</p> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Functions automatically return new functions when partially applied */ +add : x y -> x + y; +add_five : add 5; /* Returns a function that adds 5 */ +result : add_five 3; /* 8 */ +</code></pre> +<p>Most programming languages require explicit syntax for partial application or currying. When using Baba Yagay, every function is automatically curried.</p> +<h2>Basic Examples</h2> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Define a two-argument function */ +add : x y -> x + y; + +/* Call with both arguments */ +result1 : add 5 3; /* 8 */ + +/* Call with one argument - returns a new function */ +add_five : add 5; /* Returns: y -> 5 + y */ + +/* Call the returned function */ +result2 : add_five 3; /* 8 */ + +/* Chain partial applications */ +add_ten : add 10; /* y -> 10 + y */ +add_ten_five : add_ten 5; /* 15 */ +</code></pre> +<h2>How It Works</h2> +<p>Partial application happens automatically with nested function returns.</p> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* When you define: add : x y -> x + y; */ +/* Baba Yaga creates: add = x -> (y -> x + y) */ + +/* When you call: add 5 */ +/* It returns: y -> 5 + y */ + +/* When you call: add 5 3 */ +/* It calls: (y -> 5 + y)(3) = 5 + 3 = 8 */ +</code></pre> +<p>Partial application works with any number of arguments.</p> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Three-argument function */ +multiply_add : x y z -> x * y + z; + +/* Partial application examples */ +multiply_by_two : multiply_add 2; /* y z -> 2 * y + z */ +multiply_by_two_add_ten : multiply_add 2 5; /* z -> 2 * 5 + z */ + +/* Full application */ +result1 : multiply_add 2 5 3; /* 2 * 5 + 3 = 13 */ +result2 : multiply_by_two 5 3; /* 2 * 5 + 3 = 13 */ +result3 : multiply_by_two_add_ten 3; /* 2 * 5 + 3 = 13 */ +</code></pre> +<p>All standard library functions support partial application, too!</p> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Arithmetic functions */ +double : multiply 2; /* x -> 2 * x */ +increment : add 1; /* x -> x + 1 */ +decrement : subtract 1; /* x -> x - 1 */ + +/* Comparison functions */ +is_positive : greaterThan 0; /* x -> x > 0 */ +is_even : equals 0; /* This won't work as expected - see below */ + +/* Logical functions */ +always_true : logicalOr true; /* x -> true || x */ +always_false : logicalAnd false; /* x -> false && x */ +</code></pre> +<h2>Common Patterns</h2> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Pattern 1: Creating specialized functions */ +numbers : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; + +/* Create specialized filters */ +is_even : x -> x % 2 = 0; +is_odd : x -> x % 2 = 1; +is_greater_than_five : x -> x > 5; + +/* Use with map and filter - note the @ operator for higher-order functions */ +evens : filter @is_even numbers; /* {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} */ +odds : filter @is_odd numbers; /* {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} */ +large_numbers : filter @is_greater_than_five numbers; /* {6, 7, 8, 9, 10} */ + +/* Pattern 2: Creating transformation functions */ +double : multiply 2; +triple : multiply 3; +add_ten : add 10; + +/* Apply transformations - @ operator required for map */ +doubled : map @double numbers; /* {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20} */ +tripled : map @triple numbers; /* {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30} */ +plus_ten : map @add_ten numbers; /* {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20} */ +</code></pre> +<p>You can use partial application with function composition.</p> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Create specialized functions */ +double : multiply 2; +increment : add 1; +square : x -> x * x; + +/* Compose partially applied functions - @ operator required for compose */ +double_then_increment : compose @increment @double; +increment_then_square : compose @square @increment; + +/* Use in pipelines */ +result1 : double_then_increment 5; /* double(5)=10, increment(10)=11 */ +result2 : increment_then_square 5; /* increment(5)=6, square(6)=36 */ +</code></pre> +<h2>Table Operations with Partial Application</h2> +<p>The <code>t.</code> namespace functions also support partial application:</p> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Create specialized table operations */ +get_name : t.get "name"; +get_age : t.get "age"; +has_admin : t.has "admin"; + +/* Use with map - @ operator required for higher-order functions */ +people : { + alice: {name: "Alice", age: 30, admin: true}, + bob: {name: "Bob", age: 25, admin: false}, + charlie: {name: "Charlie", age: 35, admin: true} +}; + +names : map @get_name people; /* {alice: "Alice", bob: "Bob", charlie: "Charlie"} */ +ages : map @get_age people; /* {alice: 30, bob: 25, charlie: 35} */ +admins : map @has_admin people; /* {alice: true, bob: false, charlie: true} */ +</code></pre> +<h2>The <code>each</code> Combinator with Partial Application</h2> +<p>The <code>each</code> combinator works well with partial application:</p> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Create specialized comparison functions */ +is_greater_than_three : x -> x > 3; +is_less_than_seven : x -> x < 7; + +/* Use with each for element-wise comparison - @ operator required for each */ +numbers : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; + +greater_than_three : each @is_greater_than_three numbers; +/* Result: {false, false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true} */ + +less_than_seven : each @is_less_than_seven numbers; +/* Result: {true, true, true, true, true, true, false, false, false, false} */ +</code></pre> +</article> + +</section> + +</div> + +<br class="clear"> + +<footer> + Generated by <a href="https://github.com/jsdoc3/jsdoc">JSDoc 4.0.4</a> on Tue Jul 29 2025 23:15:00 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time) using the Minami theme. +</footer> + +<script>prettyPrint();</script> +<script src="scripts/linenumber.js"></script> +</body> +</html> \ No newline at end of file |