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-<div id="main"> - - <h1 class="page-title">07_Function_References</h1> - - - <section> - -<header> - -</header> - -<article> - <h1>Function References with <code>@</code> Symbol</h1> -<h2>What are Function References?</h2> -<p>Function references allow you to pass functions as values without calling them immediately. The <code>@</code> symbol creates a reference to a function.</p> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* @ symbol for function references */ -double : x -> x * 2; -numbers : {1, 2, 3}; -result : map @double numbers; /* @double is a function reference */ -</code></pre> -<h2>Why is This Esoteric?</h2> -<p>The <code>@</code> symbol for function references is unique to our language. Most languages use just the function name or different syntax like <code>&function</code> or <code>function.bind()</code>.</p> -<h2>Basic Examples</h2> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Define a function */ -double : x -> x * 2; - -/* Function reference vs function call */ -function_ref : @double; /* Reference to the function */ -function_call : double 5; /* Call the function with argument 5 */ - -/* Use function reference with combinators */ -numbers : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; -doubled : map @double numbers; /* {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} */ -</code></pre> -<h2>How It Works</h2> -<p>The <code>@</code> symbol tells the language to treat the identifier as a function reference rather than calling the function:</p> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Without @ - function is called immediately */ -result1 : map double numbers; /* Error: double is not a function reference */ - -/* With @ - function reference is passed */ -result2 : map @double numbers; /* Works: @double is a function reference */ -</code></pre> -<h2>Common Use Cases</h2> -<h3>With <code>map</code></h3> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Map function references over collections */ -numbers : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; - -/* Arithmetic functions */ -doubled : map @double numbers; /* {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} */ -incremented : map @increment numbers; /* {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} */ -squared : map @square numbers; /* {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} */ - -/* Custom functions */ -add_ten : x -> x + 10; -plus_ten : map @add_ten numbers; /* {11, 12, 13, 14, 15} */ -</code></pre> -<h3>With <code>filter</code></h3> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Filter with function references */ -numbers : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; - -/* Built-in comparison functions */ -evens : filter @is_even numbers; /* {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} */ -positives : filter @is_positive numbers; /* {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} */ - -/* Custom filter functions */ -is_greater_than_five : x -> x > 5; -large_numbers : filter @is_greater_than_five numbers; /* {6, 7, 8, 9, 10} */ -</code></pre> -<h3>With <code>reduce</code></h3> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Reduce with function references */ -numbers : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; - -/* Arithmetic operations */ -sum : reduce @add 0 numbers; /* 15 */ -product : reduce @multiply 1 numbers; /* 120 */ - -/* Custom reduce functions */ -max_value : reduce @max 0 numbers; /* 5 */ -min_value : reduce @min 1000 numbers; /* 1 */ -</code></pre> -<h3>With <code>each</code></h3> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Each with function references */ -numbers1 : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; -numbers2 : {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; - -/* Element-wise operations */ -sums : each @add numbers1 numbers2; /* {11, 22, 33, 44, 55} */ -products : each @multiply numbers1 numbers2; /* {10, 40, 90, 160, 250} */ -</code></pre> -<h2>Function Composition with References</h2> -<p>Function references work seamlessly with composition:</p> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Compose function references */ -double : x -> x * 2; -increment : x -> x + 1; -square : x -> x * x; - -/* Compose references */ -double_then_increment : compose @increment @double; -increment_then_square : compose @square @increment; - -/* Use in pipelines */ -result1 : double_then_increment 5; /* double(5)=10, increment(10)=11 */ -result2 : increment_then_square 5; /* increment(5)=6, square(6)=36 */ -</code></pre> -<h2>The <code>via</code> Operator with References</h2> -<p>Function references work with the <code>via</code> operator:</p> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Via with function references */ -result1 : @double via @increment 5; /* 12 */ -result2 : @double via @increment via @square 3; /* 20 */ - -/* Complex pipeline */ -pipeline : @sum via @map @double via @filter @is_even; -result3 : pipeline {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; /* 60 */ -</code></pre> -<h2>Table Operations with References</h2> -<p>The <code>t.</code> namespace functions can be referenced:</p> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Table operation references */ -data : {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}; - -/* Get all keys */ -keys : @t.keys data; /* {"a", "b", "c"} */ - -/* Get all values */ -values : @t.values data; /* {1, 2, 3} */ - -/* Check if key exists */ -has_a : @t.has data "a"; /* true */ -</code></pre> -<h2>When to Use Function References</h2> -<p><strong>Use function references when:</strong></p> -<ul> -<li>Passing functions to combinators like <code>map</code>, <code>filter</code>, <code>reduce</code></li> -<li>Building function composition chains</li> -<li>Creating reusable function components</li> -<li>Working with higher-order functions</li> -<li>Avoiding immediate function execution</li> -</ul> -<p><strong>Don't use function references when:</strong></p> -<ul> -<li>You want to call the function immediately</li> -<li>You're working with simple function calls</li> -<li>You need to pass arguments to the function</li> -</ul> -<h2>Common Patterns</h2> -<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Pattern 1: Function pipelines */ -numbers : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; - -/* Pipeline with references */ -pipeline : @sum via @map @double via @filter @is_even; -result : pipeline numbers; /* 60 */ - -/* Pattern 2: Reusable function components */ -double : x -> x * 2; -increment : x -> x + 1; -square : x -> x * x; - -/* Create reusable transformations */ -double_transform : @map @double; -increment_transform : @map @increment; -square_transform : @map @square; - -/* Use transformations */ -data : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; -doubled : double_transform data; /* {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} */ -incremented : increment_transform data; /* {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} */ -squared : square_transform data; /* {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} */ - -/* Pattern 3: Conditional function application */ -condition : true; -function_to_use : when condition is - true then @double - _ then @square; - -result : map function_to_use {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; -/* Result depends on condition */ -</code></pre> -<h2>Key Takeaways</h2> -<ol> -<li><strong>@ symbol</strong> - creates function references</li> -<li><strong>No immediate execution</strong> - function is not called when referenced</li> -<li><strong>Combinator compatibility</strong> - works with <code>map</code>, <code>filter</code>, <code>reduce</code>, <code>each</code></li> -<li><strong>Composition support</strong> - works with <code>compose</code>, <code>pipe</code>, <code>via</code></li> -<li><strong>Higher-order functions</strong> - enables passing functions as arguments</li> -</ol> -<h2>Why This Matters</h2> -<p>Function references with the <code>@</code> symbol make the language more functional:</p> -<ul> -<li><strong>Higher-order functions</strong> - functions can be passed as values</li> -<li><strong>Composability</strong> - functions can be combined and reused</li> -<li><strong>Functional style</strong> - emphasizes function composition over method calls</li> -<li><strong>Clear syntax</strong> - distinguishes between function calls and references</li> -<li><strong>Reusability</strong> - function references can be stored and reused</li> -</ul> -<p>This feature makes the language feel more like functional programming languages where functions are first-class citizens! 🚀</p> -</article> - -</section> - -</div> - -<br class="clear"> - -<footer> - Generated by <a href="https://github.com/jsdoc3/jsdoc">JSDoc 4.0.4</a> on Tue Jul 29 2025 23:15:00 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time) using the Minami theme. -</footer> - -<script>prettyPrint();</script> -<script src="scripts/linenumber.js"></script> -</body> -</html> \ No newline at end of file |