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<h1>Integration Patterns</h1> +<h2>What are Integration Patterns?</h2> +<p>Integration patterns show how to connect Baba Yaga programs with external systems, APIs, and other services while maintaining functional purity through the <code>..emit</code> and <code>..listen</code> pattern.</p> +<h2>Basic Integration Concepts</h2> +<h3>Emit and Listen Pattern</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Emit events to external systems */ +..emit "user_created" {id: 123, name: "Alice"}; +..emit "data_processed" {count: 42, success: true}; + +/* Listen for external events */ +..listen "user_created" handle_user_created; +..listen "data_processed" handle_data_processed; +</code></pre> +<h3>State Management</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Get current state from external system */ +current_state : ..listen; + +/* Process based on state */ +user_id : current_state.user_id; +user_data : current_state.user_data; + +/* Emit processed result */ +..emit "user_processed" { + id: user_id, + processed_data: transform user_data +}; +</code></pre> +<h2>API Integration</h2> +<h3>HTTP Request Pattern</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Emit HTTP requests */ +..emit { + action: "http_request", + method: "GET", + url: "https://api.example.com/users/123" +}; + +/* Emit POST request with data */ +..emit { + action: "http_request", + method: "POST", + url: "https://api.example.com/users", + data: {name: "Alice", email: "alice@example.com"} +}; +</code></pre> +<h3>API Response Handling</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Listen for API responses */ +..listen "api_response" handle_api_response; + +handle_api_response : response -> + when response.success is + true then + ..out "API call successful:"; + ..out response.data + false then + ..out "API call failed:"; + ..out response.error; +</code></pre> +<h2>Database Integration</h2> +<h3>Database Operations</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Emit database queries */ +..emit { + action: "db_query", + type: "select", + table: "users", + where: {id: 123} +}; + +/* Emit insert operation */ +..emit { + action: "db_query", + type: "insert", + table: "users", + data: {name: "Bob", email: "bob@example.com"} +}; +</code></pre> +<h3>Database Response Processing</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Process database results */ +..listen "db_result" handle_db_result; + +handle_db_result : result -> + when result.type = "select" then + users : result.data; + processed_users : map @format_user users; + ..out "Found " + t.length users + " users"; + processed_users + _ then result.data; +</code></pre> +<h2>File System Integration</h2> +<h3>File Operations</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Emit file operations */ +..emit { + action: "file_operation", + type: "read", + path: "/data/users.json" +}; + +/* Emit write operation */ +..emit { + action: "file_operation", + type: "write", + path: "/output/processed.json", + content: processed_data +}; +</code></pre> +<h3>File Processing</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Process file contents */ +..listen "file_result" handle_file_result; + +handle_file_result : result -> + when result.type = "read" then + data : parse_json result.content; + processed : transform_data data; + processed + _ then result; +</code></pre> +<h2>Event-Driven Architecture</h2> +<h3>Event Processing Pipeline</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Process incoming events */ +process_event : event -> + when event.type = "user_created" then + user : event.data; + validated_user : validate_user user; + when validated_user.valid is + true then + ..emit "user_validated" validated_user.data; + validated_user.data + false then + ..emit "validation_failed" validated_user.errors; + null + _ then event.data; +</code></pre> +<h3>Event Handlers</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Register event handlers */ +..listen "user_created" process_event; +..listen "order_placed" process_event; +..listen "payment_received" process_event; +</code></pre> +<h2>External Service Integration</h2> +<h3>Third-Party API Integration</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Integrate with external service */ +integrate_payment : order -> + payment_data : { + amount: order.total, + currency: "USD", + customer_id: order.customer_id + }; + + ..emit { + action: "external_api", + service: "stripe", + endpoint: "/payments", + method: "POST", + data: payment_data + }; + + payment_data; +</code></pre> +<h3>Service Response Handling</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Handle external service responses */ +..listen "external_api_response" handle_external_response; + +handle_external_response : response -> + when response.service = "stripe" then + when response.success is + true then + ..emit "payment_successful" response.data; + response.data + false then + ..emit "payment_failed" response.error; + null + _ then response; +</code></pre> +<h2>Real-World Integration Example</h2> +<h3>E-commerce Order Processing</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Complete order processing pipeline */ +process_order : order -> + /* Step 1: Validate order */ + validation_result : validate_order order; + when validation_result.valid is + false then + ..emit "order_invalid" validation_result.errors; + null + _ then + /* Step 2: Check inventory */ + ..emit { + action: "db_query", + type: "select", + table: "inventory", + where: {product_id: order.product_id} + }; + + /* Step 3: Process payment */ + payment_result : integrate_payment order; + + /* Step 4: Update inventory */ + ..emit { + action: "db_query", + type: "update", + table: "inventory", + where: {product_id: order.product_id}, + data: {quantity: decrement_quantity order.quantity} + }; + + /* Step 5: Send confirmation */ + ..emit { + action: "email", + to: order.customer_email, + subject: "Order Confirmed", + template: "order_confirmation", + data: order + }; + + {order_id: order.id, status: "processed"}; +</code></pre> +<h2>Error Handling in Integration</h2> +<h3>Graceful Degradation</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Handle integration failures */ +safe_api_call : api_request -> + ..emit api_request; + + /* Set timeout for response */ + timeout_result : wait_for_response 5000; + when timeout_result.timeout is + true then + ..emit "api_timeout" api_request; + {error: "API timeout", fallback: true} + _ then timeout_result.response; +</code></pre> +<h3>Retry Logic</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Retry failed operations */ +retry_operation : operation max_retries -> + attempt_operation : attempt -> + when attempt > max_retries then + ..emit "max_retries_exceeded" operation; + {error: "Max retries exceeded"} + _ then + result : operation; + when result.error is + true then + delay : power 2 attempt; /* Exponential backoff */ + ..emit "retry_attempt" {attempt: attempt, delay: delay}; + retry_operation operation max_retries + false then result; + + attempt_operation 1; +</code></pre> +<h2>Testing Integration</h2> +<h3>Mock External Services</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Test integration without real services */ +test_payment_integration : -> + /* Mock order */ + test_order : { + id: "test_123", + total: 100, + customer_id: "cust_456" + }; + + /* Test payment integration */ + result : integrate_payment test_order; + + /* Verify emitted events */ + ..assert "Payment data emitted" result.amount = 100; + ..assert "Payment data emitted" result.currency = "USD"; + + ..out "Payment integration test passed"; +</code></pre> +<h3>Integration Test Patterns</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Test complete integration flow */ +test_order_flow : -> + /* Test order */ + test_order : { + id: "test_123", + product_id: "prod_789", + quantity: 2, + customer_email: "test@example.com", + total: 50 + }; + + /* Process order */ + result : process_order test_order; + + /* Verify result */ + ..assert "Order processed successfully" result.status = "processed"; + ..assert "Order ID preserved" result.order_id = "test_123"; + + ..out "Order flow test passed"; +</code></pre> +<h2>Best Practices</h2> +<h3>Keep Integration Pure</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Good: Pure function with explicit side effects */ +process_data : data -> + transformed : transform data; + ..emit "data_processed" transformed; + transformed; + +/* Avoid: Hidden side effects */ +bad_process : data -> + ..emit "processing_started"; /* Hidden side effect */ + transform data; +</code></pre> +<h3>Use Structured Events</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Good: Structured event data */ +..emit { + type: "user_created", + timestamp: now(), + data: {id: 123, name: "Alice"}, + metadata: {source: "web_form", version: "1.0"} +}; + +/* Avoid: Unstructured events */ +..emit "user_created Alice 123"; /* Hard to parse */ +</code></pre> +<h3>Handle Errors Gracefully</h3> +<pre class="prettyprint source lang-plaintext"><code>/* Good: Explicit error handling */ +safe_integration : request -> + when request.valid is + false then + ..emit "integration_error" {request: request, error: "Invalid request"}; + null + _ then + result : call_external_service request; + when result.error is + true then + ..emit "service_error" result; + result.fallback_value + false then result.data; +</code></pre> +<h2>Next Steps</h2> +<p>Now that you understand integration patterns, explore:</p> +<ul> +<li><a href="13_Error_Handling.md">Error Handling</a> for robust error management</li> +<li><a href="14_Advanced_Combinators.md">Advanced Combinators</a> for complex integration patterns</li> +<li><a href="16_Best_Practices.md">Best Practices</a> for writing maintainable code</li> 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