path: root/haskell/Adventure.hs

-- Import necessary modules
import System.IO ( hFlush, stdout ) -- For flushing the output buffer
import Data.Char ( toLower )       -- For case-insensitive input parsing
import Data.List ( find, delete, intercalate )  -- Added intercalate for joining strings
import Control.Monad ( when, unless )        -- Added unless for conditional IO
import Data.Maybe ( catMaybes )             -- Added catMaybes for filtering Maybe lists

-- ===== Data Types =====
-- These define the structure of our game world and state.
-- Using algebraic data types (ADTs) is idiomatic Haskell.

-- Represents the different locations in our game.
-- 'deriving (Show, Eq)' allows us to print and compare locations.
data Location
    = EntranceHall   -- Starting point
    | DarkCorridor
    | TreasureRoom
    | Library
    deriving (Show, Eq)

-- Represents the items the player can interact with or collect.
-- 'deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)' allows printing, comparing, and ordering (useful for inventory consistency).
data Item
    = Key
    | Lantern
    | Book
    deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)

-- Represents the overall state of the game world, including things
-- not carried by the player.
data WorldState = WorldState
    { keyLocation    :: Maybe Location -- Nothing if player has it, Just Location otherwise
    , lanternLocation:: Maybe Location -- Nothing if player has it, Just Location otherwise
    , bookLocation   :: Maybe Location -- Nothing if player has it, Just Location otherwise
    , chestLocked    :: Bool           -- Is the chest in the TreasureRoom locked?
    } deriving (Show) -- Allows printing the WorldState (mostly for debugging)

-- Represents the complete game state: player's location, inventory, and the world state.
-- This structure is immutable; functions will create *new* GameState values instead of modifying old ones.
data GameState = GameState
    { currentLocation :: Location
    , inventory       :: [Item]       -- Player's inventory (a list of Items)
    , world           :: WorldState   -- The state of the rest of the world
    } deriving (Show) -- Allows printing the GameState (mostly for debugging)

-- Represents the commands the player can issue.
data Command
    = Go Direction
    | Get Item
    | Drop Item
    | Inventory
    | Look
    | Unlock Target
    | Examine Item -- New command to examine items
    | Read Target  -- New command for reading things (like the book)
    | Quit
    | Unknown String -- To handle unrecognized input
    deriving (Show, Eq)

-- Represents directions for movement.
data Direction = North | South | East | West deriving (Show, Eq)

-- Represents things that can be interacted with directly (besides items to Get/Drop).
data Target = Chest | BookTarget deriving (Show, Eq) -- Renamed Book to BookTarget to avoid name clash

-- ===== Initial Game State =====
-- Defines the starting configuration of the game.

initialWorldState :: WorldState
initialWorldState = WorldState
    { keyLocation     = Just TreasureRoom -- Key starts in the treasure room
    , lanternLocation = Just EntranceHall -- Lantern starts in the entrance hall
    , bookLocation    = Just Library      -- Book starts in the library
    , chestLocked     = True              -- Chest starts locked
    }

initialGameState :: GameState
initialGameState = GameState
    { currentLocation = EntranceHall    -- Player starts in the Entrance Hall
    , inventory       = []              -- Player starts with an empty inventory
    , world           = initialWorldState -- Use the initial world state
    }

-- ===== Game Logic =====

-- == Room Descriptions ==
-- Functions that describe the current location based on the GameState.
-- Note how they take the *entire* GameState to potentially show different
-- descriptions based on world state or inventory.

describeLocation :: GameState -> IO ()
describeLocation state = do
    putStrLn $ "--- " ++ show (currentLocation state) ++ " ---"
    case currentLocation state of
        EntranceHall -> describeEntranceHall state
        DarkCorridor -> describeDarkCorridor state
        TreasureRoom -> describeTreasureRoom state
        Library      -> describeLibrary state
    putStrLn "" -- Add a blank line for spacing
    listItemsInLocation state
    listExits state

describeEntranceHall :: GameState -> IO ()
describeEntranceHall state = do
    putStrLn "You are in a dusty Entrance Hall."
    putStrLn "A dim light filters from a crack in the ceiling."
    when (lanternLocation (world state) == Just EntranceHall) $
        putStrLn "An old brass Lantern sits on a pedestal."
    putStrLn "To the north, you see a Dark Corridor."
    putStrLn "To the east lies a Library."

describeDarkCorridor :: GameState -> IO ()
describeDarkCorridor state = do
    if Lantern `elem` inventory state then do
        putStrLn "Your Lantern pushes back the oppressive darkness."
        putStrLn "This is a narrow corridor heading east and west."
        putStrLn "The south exit leads back to the Entrance Hall."
        putStrLn "To the north, you see a sturdy wooden door."
    else do
        putStrLn "It's pitch black here. You can't see a thing!"
        putStrLn "You feel a wall to the south."
        -- Player can't see exits or items without light.

describeTreasureRoom :: GameState -> IO ()
describeTreasureRoom state = do
    putStrLn "You've entered a small Treasure Room!"
    putStrLn "The air is thick with the smell of old wood and metal."
    let w = world state
    if chestLocked w then
        putStrLn "In the center sits a large wooden Chest, clamped shut with a heavy lock."
    else do
        putStrLn "In the center sits a large wooden Chest. It is unlocked."
        when (keyLocation w == Just TreasureRoom) $
             putStrLn "Inside the open chest, you see a shiny Brass Key."

    putStrLn "The only exit is back west into the Dark Corridor."


describeLibrary :: GameState -> IO ()
describeLibrary state = do
    putStrLn "You are in a quiet Library. Bookshelves line the walls."
    putStrLn "Most books seem to have crumbled to dust."
    when (bookLocation (world state) == Just Library) $
        putStrLn "One notable exception is a large, leather-bound Book on a reading stand."
    putStrLn "The only exit is back west to the Entrance Hall."


-- Helper to list items visible in the current location
listItemsInLocation :: GameState -> IO ()
listItemsInLocation state = do
    let loc = currentLocation state
    let w = world state
    let itemsHere = catMaybes -- catMaybes removes Nothing values
            [ if keyLocation w == Just loc then Just "Brass Key" else Nothing
            , if lanternLocation w == Just loc then Just "Brass Lantern" else Nothing
            , if bookLocation w == Just loc then Just "Leather Book" else Nothing
            ]
    unless (null itemsHere) $ -- unless is 'when (not ...)'
        putStrLn $ "You see here: " ++ intercalate ", " itemsHere
    putStrLn "" -- Extra newline

-- Helper to list visible exits based on location and potentially state (like needing light)
listExits :: GameState -> IO ()
listExits state = do
    putStr "Possible exits: "
    let exits = case currentLocation state of
            EntranceHall -> ["North", "East"]
            DarkCorridor -> if Lantern `elem` inventory state
                              then ["South", "North", "West"] -- Added West exit
                              else ["South"] -- Can only feel the way back
            TreasureRoom -> ["West"]
            Library      -> ["West"]
    putStrLn $ intercalate ", " exits


-- == Input Parsing ==
-- Converts player's raw input string into a structured Command.

parseCommand :: String -> Command
parseCommand input =
    case words (map toLower input) of -- Split input into lower-case words
        ["go", dir]    -> parseDirection dir
        ["n"]          -> Go North
        ["s"]          -> Go South
        ["e"]          -> Go East
        ["w"]          -> Go West
        ["get", item]  -> parseGet item
        ["take", item] -> parseGet item
        ["drop", item] -> parseDrop item
        ["inventory"]  -> Inventory
        ["i"]          -> Inventory
        ["look"]       -> Look
        ["l"]          -> Look
        ["unlock", target] -> parseUnlock target
        ["examine", item] -> parseExamine item
        ["read", target] -> parseRead target
        ["quit"]       -> Quit
        []             -> Unknown "" -- Handle empty input
        ws             -> Unknown (unwords ws) -- Handle unrecognized input

parseDirection :: String -> Command
parseDirection "north" = Go North
parseDirection "south" = Go South
parseDirection "east"  = Go East
parseDirection "west"  = Go West
parseDirection dir     = Unknown ("go " ++ dir)

parseGet :: String -> Command
parseGet "key"     = Get Key
parseGet "lantern" = Get Lantern
parseGet "book"    = Get Book
parseGet item      = Unknown ("get " ++ item)

parseDrop :: String -> Command
parseDrop "key"     = Drop Key
parseDrop "lantern" = Drop Lantern
parseDrop "book"    = Drop Book
parseDrop item      = Unknown ("drop " ++ item)

parseUnlock :: String -> Command
parseUnlock "chest" = Unlock Chest
-- Add other unlockable targets here if needed
parseUnlock target  = Unknown ("unlock " ++ target)

parseExamine :: String -> Command
parseExamine "key"      = Examine Key
parseExamine "lantern"  = Examine Lantern
parseExamine "book"     = Examine Book
parseExamine item       = Unknown ("examine " ++ item)

parseRead :: String -> Command
parseRead "book"    = Read BookTarget
parseRead target    = Unknown ("read " ++ target)

-- == Command Processing ==
-- This is the core logic. It takes a command and the current state,
-- and returns the *new* state. This function is PURE - it has no side effects (like printing).
-- All I/O (printing messages) happens in the `gameLoop` based on the state transition.

updateState :: Command -> GameState -> GameState
updateState cmd state =
    case cmd of
        Go dir      -> go dir state
        Get item    -> getItem item state
        Drop item   -> dropItem item state
        Unlock target -> unlockTarget target state
        -- Commands that don't change state are handled directly in the loop
        Inventory   -> state
        Look        -> state
        Examine _   -> state -- Doesn't change state, just prints info
        Read _      -> state -- Doesn't change state, just prints info
        Quit        -> state -- Handled in the loop
        Unknown _   -> state -- Handled in the loop

-- Handle 'go' command
go :: Direction -> GameState -> GameState
go dir state@(GameState loc _ worldState) =
    let maybeNewLoc = case (loc, dir) of
            (EntranceHall, North) -> Just DarkCorridor
            (EntranceHall, East)  -> Just Library
            (DarkCorridor, South) -> Just EntranceHall
            (DarkCorridor, North) -> if Lantern `elem` inventory state
                                      then Just TreasureRoom
                                      else Nothing -- Can't navigate without light
            (DarkCorridor, West)  -> Nothing -- Wall or blocked path? Let's say wall for now.
            (TreasureRoom, West)  -> Just DarkCorridor
            (Library, West)       -> Just EntranceHall
            _                     -> Nothing -- Invalid direction from this location
    in case maybeNewLoc of
        Just newLoc -> state { currentLocation = newLoc } -- Return new state with updated location
        Nothing     -> state -- No state change if move is invalid


-- Handle 'get' command
getItem :: Item -> GameState -> GameState
getItem item state@(GameState loc inv w) =
    let itemLoc       = itemCurrentLocation item w
        playerHasItem = item `elem` inv
    in if not playerHasItem && itemLoc == Just loc then
           -- Item is here and player doesn't have it: take it
           state { inventory = item : inv -- Add item to inventory
                 , world = updateItemLocation item Nothing w -- Remove item from world location
                 }
       else
           -- Item not here, or player already has it: no change
           state

-- Handle 'drop' command
dropItem :: Item -> GameState -> GameState
dropItem item state@(GameState loc inv w) =
    if item `elem` inv then
        -- Player has the item: drop it
        state { inventory = delete item inv -- Remove item from inventory
              , world = updateItemLocation item (Just loc) w -- Place item in current location
              }
    else
        -- Player doesn't have the item: no change
        state

-- Handle 'unlock' command
unlockTarget :: Target -> GameState -> GameState
unlockTarget target state@(GameState loc inv w) =
    case target of
        Chest ->
            if loc == TreasureRoom && chestLocked w && Key `elem` inv then
                -- In correct room, chest is locked, player has key: unlock
                state { world = w { chestLocked = False } }
            else
                -- Conditions not met: no change
                state
        -- Add cases for other unlockable targets here
        _ -> state -- Target not recognized or handled


-- == Helper functions for State Updates ==

-- Finds where an item is currently located in the world (or Nothing if player has it)
itemCurrentLocation :: Item -> WorldState -> Maybe Location
itemCurrentLocation Key     w = keyLocation w
itemCurrentLocation Lantern w = lanternLocation w
itemCurrentLocation Book    w = bookLocation w

-- Returns an updated WorldState with the item's location changed.
-- This is a key functional pattern: create a *new* modified record.
updateItemLocation :: Item -> Maybe Location -> WorldState -> WorldState
updateItemLocation Key     newLoc w = w { keyLocation = newLoc }
updateItemLocation Lantern newLoc w = w { lanternLocation = newLoc }
updateItemLocation Book    newLoc w = w { bookLocation = newLoc }


-- == Output Feedback ==
-- Functions to provide feedback to the player after a command is processed.
-- These functions compare the old state and the new state, or check conditions.

provideFeedback :: Command -> GameState -> GameState -> IO ()
provideFeedback cmd oldState newState =
    case cmd of
        Go dir ->
            if currentLocation oldState == currentLocation newState then
                -- Location didn't change, must be an invalid move
                case (currentLocation oldState, dir) of
                   (DarkCorridor, North) | Lantern `notElem` inventory oldState ->
                        putStrLn "It's too dark to see the way north."
                   _ -> putStrLn "You can't go that way."
            else
                -- Location changed, describe the new location (handled by the main loop)
                return () -- No extra message needed here

        Get item ->
            let itemLoc       = itemCurrentLocation item (world oldState)
                playerHadItem = item `elem` inventory oldState
                playerHasItem = item `elem` inventory newState
            in if not playerHadItem && playerHasItem then
                   putStrLn $ "You take the " ++ show item ++ "."
               else if itemLoc /= Just (currentLocation oldState) then
                   putStrLn "You don't see that item here."
               else -- Only other case is player already had it
                   putStrLn "You already have that!"

        Drop item ->
            let playerHadItem = item `elem` inventory oldState
                playerHasItem = item `elem` inventory newState
            in if playerHadItem && not playerHasItem then
                   putStrLn $ "You drop the " ++ show item ++ "."
               else
                   putStrLn "You aren't carrying that item."

        Unlock target ->
            case target of
                Chest ->
                    let oldLocked = chestLocked (world oldState)
                        newLocked = chestLocked (world newState)
                    in if currentLocation oldState /= TreasureRoom then
                           putStrLn "You don't see a chest here."
                       else if oldLocked && not newLocked then
                           putStrLn "You unlock the chest with the key."
                       else if not oldLocked then
                           putStrLn "The chest is already unlocked."
                       else if Key `notElem` inventory oldState then
                           putStrLn "You don't have the key."
                       else -- Should not happen if logic is correct
                           putStrLn "You can't unlock that."

        Inventory ->
            if null (inventory newState) then
                putStrLn "You are not carrying anything."
            else do
                putStrLn "You are carrying:"
                mapM_ (putStrLn . ("  - " ++ ) . show) (inventory newState) -- Print each item

        Look -> return () -- Description is handled by the main loop calling describeLocation

        Examine item -> examineItem item oldState -- Use oldState as examine doesn't change state

        Read target -> readTarget target oldState -- Use oldState as read doesn't change state

        Quit -> putStrLn "Goodbye!"

        Unknown "" -> putStrLn "Please enter a command."
        Unknown s  -> putStrLn $ "I don't understand '" ++ s ++ "'."


-- Handle 'examine' command - Provides descriptions of items
examineItem :: Item -> GameState -> IO ()
examineItem item state =
    if item `elem` inventory state || itemCurrentLocation item (world state) == Just (currentLocation state)
    then case item of
        Key     -> putStrLn "It's a small, ornate brass key. Looks important."
        Lantern -> putStrLn "It's a sturdy brass lantern. It might light up dark places."
        Book    -> putStrLn "A large, heavy book bound in worn leather. The pages look brittle."
    else
        putStrLn "You don't see that item here to examine."

-- Handle 'read' command
readTarget :: Target -> GameState -> IO ()
readTarget target state =
    case target of
        BookTarget ->
            let bookIsHere = bookLocation (world state) == Just (currentLocation state)
                playerHasBook = Book `elem` inventory state
            in if currentLocation state == Library && (bookIsHere || playerHasBook) then
                    do
                        putStrLn "You open the ancient book. Most pages are illegible, but one entry catches your eye:"
                        putStrLn "\"Where light fails, the hidden path reveals the reward.\"" -- Hint for DarkCorridor/TreasureRoom
               else
                   putStrLn "There is nothing here to read."
        _ -> putStrLn "You can't read that."


-- ===== Main Game Loop =====
-- This function handles the interaction cycle: display state, get input, process, repeat.
-- It uses recursion to loop, passing the *new* state to the next iteration.

gameLoop :: GameState -> IO ()
gameLoop currentState = do
    -- 1. Describe the current situation
    describeLocation currentState
    putStrLn "" -- Blank line before prompt

    -- 2. Prompt for input
    putStr "> "
    hFlush stdout -- Ensure '>' appears before waiting for input

    -- 3. Get user input
    input <- getLine

    -- 4. Parse the input into a command
    let command = parseCommand input

    -- 5. Check for Quit command
    if command == Quit then
        provideFeedback command currentState currentState -- Print goodbye message
    else do
        -- 6. Process the command to get the potential new state
        let newState = updateState command currentState

        -- 7. Provide feedback based on the command and state change
        provideFeedback command currentState newState

        -- 8. Loop with the new state
        gameLoop newState

-- ===== Entry Point =====
-- The `main` function starts the game.

main :: IO ()
main = do
    putStrLn "Welcome to the Haskell Adventure!"
    putStrLn "Type 'look' to examine your surroundings, 'inventory' to see what you carry."
    putStrLn "Commands: go [north/south/east/west], get [item], drop [item], unlock [target], examine [item], read [target], quit"
    putStrLn "======================================================================================"
    gameLoop initialGameState


-- ===== Helper Imports (already included at top, listed here for clarity) =====
-- import System.IO ( hFlush, stdout )
-- import Data.Char ( toLower )
-- import Data.List ( find, delete, intercalate ) -- Added intercalate
-- import Control.Monad ( when, unless )        -- Added unless
-- import Data.Maybe ( catMaybes )               -- Added catMaybes