diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'lynx_help/Lynx_users_guide.html')
-rw-r--r-- | lynx_help/Lynx_users_guide.html | 3354 |
1 files changed, 3354 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/lynx_help/Lynx_users_guide.html b/lynx_help/Lynx_users_guide.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2e4136ee --- /dev/null +++ b/lynx_help/Lynx_users_guide.html @@ -0,0 +1,3354 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<!-- $LynxId: Lynx_users_guide.html,v 1.109 2009/11/18 09:30:13 tom Exp $ --> +<html> +<head> +<title>Lynx Users Guide v2.8.7</title> +<link rev="made" href="mailto:lynx-dev@nongnu.org"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> +</head> + +<body> +<h1>Lynx Users Guide v2.8.7</h1> + +Lynx is a fully-featured <em>World Wide Web</em> (<em>WWW</em>) client +for users running cursor-addressable, character-cell display devices (e.g., +vt100 terminals, vt100 emulators running on PCs or Macs, or any other +character-cell display). It will display <em>Hypertext Markup Language</em> +(<em>HTML</em>) documents containing links to files on the local system, as +well as files on remote systems running <em>http</em>, <em>gopher</em>, +<em>ftp</em>, <em>wais</em>, <em>nntp</em>, <em>finger</em>, or +<em>cso</em>/<em>ph</em>/<em>qi</em> servers, and services accessible via +logins to <em>telnet</em>, <em>tn3270</em> or <em>rlogin</em> accounts (see +<a href="lynx_url_support.html">URL Schemes Supported by Lynx</a>). +<a href="#Hist">Current</a> versions of Lynx run on Unix, VMS, +Windows3.x/9x/NT, 386DOS and OS/2 EMX. + +<p>Lynx can be used to access information on the <em>WWW</em>, or to build +information systems intended primarily for local access. For example, Lynx +has been used to build several <em>Campus Wide Information Systems</em> +(<em>CWIS</em>). In addition, Lynx can be used to build systems isolated +within a single LAN. + +<h2 ID="TOC"><A NAME="Contents"><em>Table of Contents</em></A></h2> + +<ul> +<li><A HREF="#Help" NAME="ToC-Help">Lynx online help</A> +<li><A HREF="#Local" NAME="ToC-Local">Viewing local files with Lynx</A> +<li><A HREF="#Leaving" NAME="ToC-Leaving">Leaving Lynx</A> +<li><A HREF="#Remote" NAME="ToC-Remote">Starting Lynx with a Remote File</A> +<li><A HREF="#EnVar" NAME="ToC-EnVar">Starting Lynx with the WWW_HOME environment variable.</A> +<li><A HREF="#IntraDocNav" NAME="ToC-IntraDocNav">Navigating hypertext documents with Lynx</A> +<li><A HREF="#Disposing" NAME="ToC-Disposing">Printing, Mailing, and Saving rendered files to disk.</A> +<li><A HREF="#LocalSource" NAME="ToC-LocalSource">Viewing the HTML document source and editing documents</A> +<li><A HREF="#RemoteSource" NAME="ToC-RemoteSource">Downloading and Saving source files.</A> +<li><A HREF="#ReDo" NAME="ToC-ReDo">Reloading files and refreshing the display</A> +<li><A HREF="#Search" NAME="ToC-Search">Lynx searching commands</A> +<li><A HREF="#InteractiveOptions" NAME="ToC-InteractiveOptions">Lynx Options Menu</A> +<li><A HREF="#Mail" NAME="ToC-Mail">Comments and mailto: links</A> +<li><A HREF="#News" NAME="ToC-News">USENET News posting</A> +<li><A HREF="#Bookmarks" NAME="ToC-Bookmarks">Lynx bookmarks</A> +<li><A HREF="#Jumps" NAME="ToC-Jumps">Jump command</A> +<li><A HREF="#DirEd" NAME="ToC-DirEd">Directory Editing</A> +<li><A HREF="#ColorMouse" NAME="ToC-ColorMouse">Using Color & the Mouse</A> +<li><A HREF="#MiscKeys" NAME="ToC-MiscKeys">Scrolling and Other useful commands</A> +<li><a href="#Forms" NAME="ToC-Forms">Lynx and HTML Forms</a> +| <a href="#Images" NAME="ToC-Images">Lynx and HTML Images</a> +<li><a href="#Tables" NAME="ToC-Tables">Lynx and HTML Tables</a> +| <a href="#Tabs" NAME="ToC-Tabs">Lynx and HTML Tabs</a> +<li><a href="#Frames" NAME="ToC-Frames">Lynx and HTML Frames</a> +| <a href="#Banners" NAME="ToC-Banners">Lynx and HTML Banners</a> +<li><a href="#Footnotes" NAME="ToC-Footnotes">Lynx and HTML Footnotes</a> +| <a href="#Notes" NAME="ToC-Notes">Lynx and HTML Notes</a> +<li><a href="#Lists" NAME="ToC-Lists">Lynx and HTML Lists</a> +<li><a href="#Quotes" NAME="ToC-Quotes">Lynx and HTML Quotes</a> +<li><a href="#Eightbit" NAME="ToC-Eightbit">Lynx and HTML Internationalization: 8bit, UNICODE, etc.</a> +<li><a href="#USEMAP" NAME="ToC-USEMAP">Lynx and Client-Side-Image-Maps</a> +<li><a href="#Refresh" NAME="ToC-Refresh">Lynx and Client-Side-Pull</a> +<li><a href="#Cookies" NAME="ToC-Cookies">Lynx and State Management</a> (Me want <em>cookie</em>!) +<li><a href="#Cache" NAME="ToC-Cache">Lynx and Cached Documents</a> +<li><a href="#Sessions" NAME="ToC-Sessions">Lynx and Sessions</a> +<li><A HREF="#Invoking" NAME="ToC-Invoking">The Lynx command line</A> +<li><A HREF="#Environment" NAME="ToC-Environment">Environment variables used by Lynx</A> +<li><A HREF="#lynx.cfg" NAME="ToC-lynx.cfg">Main configuration file lynx.cfg</A> +<li><A HREF="#Hist" NAME="ToC-Hist">Lynx development history</A> +</ul> + +<h2 ID="id-Help"><A NAME="Help"><em>Lynx online help</em></A></h2> + +Online help is available while viewing any document. Press the +'<em>?</em>' or '<em>H</em>' key (or the '<em>h</em>' key if +vi-like key movement is not on) to see a list of help topics. +See the section titled <A HREF="#IntraDocNav">Navigating +hypertext documents with Lynx</A> for information on navigating +through the help files. + +<p>In addition, a summary description of all the Lynx keystroke commands +and their key bindings is available by pressing the '<em>K</em>' key (or +the '<em>k</em>' key if vi-like key movement is not on). +[<A HREF="#ToC-Help">ToC</A>] +<p> +If you want to recall recent status-line messages, you can do so +by entering the `g' command, followed by `LYNXMESSAGES:'. + +<h2 ID="id-Local"><A NAME="Local"><em>Viewing local files with Lynx</em></A></h2> + +Lynx can be started by entering the Lynx command along with +the name of a file to display. For example these commands could +all be used to display an arbitrary ASCII text or HTML file: + +<dl> + <dt>UNIX + <dd><code>lynx filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx /home/my-dir/filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx ~/filename</code> + <dt>VMS + <dd><code>lynx filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx dua5:[my-directory]filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx /dua5/my-directory/filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx ~/filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx sys$login:filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx /sys$login/filename</code> + <dt>Win32/DOS + <dd><code>lynx file:///filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx c:/dir/filename</code> + <dd><code>lynx //n/dir/filename</code> +</dl> + +<p>When executed, Lynx will clear the screen and display as much of the +specified file as will fit on the screen. Pressing a <em>down-arrow</em> +will bring up the next screen, and pressing an <em>up-arrow</em> will bring +up the previous screen. If no file is specified at startup, a default file +will be displayed, depending on settings e.g., in <em>lynx.cfg</em>. + +<p>Lynx will display local files written in the <em>HyperText Markup +Language</em> (<em>HTML</em>), if the file's name ends with the characters +<em>.html</em>, <em>.htm</em>, <em>.shtml</em>, <em>.htmlx</em>, +<em>.html3</em>, or <em>.ht3</em>. HTML is a file format that allows users +to create a file that contains (among other things) hypertext links to other +files. Several files linked together may be described as a +<em>hypertext document</em>. If the filename does not have one of the +suffixes mapped by Lynx to HTML, the <em>-force_html</em> command line +option can be included to force treatment of the file as hypertext. + +<p>When Lynx displays an HTML file, it shows links as "bold face" +text, except for one link, which is shown as "highlighted" text. +Whether "boldface" or "highlighted" text shows up as reverse +video, boldface type, or a color change, etc. depends on the +display device being used (and the way in which that device has +been configured). Lynx has no control over the exact presentation +of links. + +<p>The one link displayed as "highlighted" text is the currently +"selected" link. Lynx will display the file associated with the +selected link when a <em>right-arrow</em> or a <em>Return</em> key is +pressed. To select a particular link, press the <em>up-arrow</em> or +<em>down-arrow</em> keys until the desired link becomes "highlighted," +and then press the <em>right-arrow</em> or <em>Return</em> key to view +the linked information. Information included in the HTML file tells Lynx +where to find the linked file and what kind of server will provide it +(i.e., HTTP, Gopher, etc.). + +<p>Lynx renders HTML files and saves the rendition (and the source, if +so configured in the <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> file) +for initial display and should you select the link again. If you do +select a link again and have reason to desire a new fetch and rendering +of the file, use the NOCACHE command, normally mapped to '<em>x</em>' and +'<em>X</em>', instead of the <em>right-arrow</em> or <em>Return</em> key +when positioned on the link. You also can force a new fetch and rendering +of the currently displayed document via the RELOAD command, normally mapped +to <EM>Control-R</em>. + +<p>When a binary file is encountered Lynx will ask the user if he/she +wishes to download the file or cancel. If the user selects '<em>D'</em> +for download, Lynx will transfer the file into a temporary location and +present the user with a list of options. The only default option is +<em>Save to disk</em>, which is disabled if Lynx is running in anonymous +mode. Additional download methods may be defined in the +<A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> file. Programs like kermit, zmodem +and FTP are some possible options. [<A HREF="#ToC-Local">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Leaving"><A NAME="Leaving"><em>Leaving Lynx</em></A></h2> + +To exit Lynx use the '<em>q</em>' command. You will be asked whether +you really want to quit. Answering '<em>y</em>' will exit and '<em>n</em>' +will return you to the current document. Use '<em>Q</em>' or +<em>Control-D</em> to quit without verification. [<A HREF="#ToC-Leaving">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Remote"><A NAME="Remote"><em>Starting Lynx with a Remote File</em></A></h2> + +If you wish to view a remote file (that is, a file residing on +some computer system other than the one upon which you are running +Lynx) without first viewing a local file, you must identify that +file by using a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). URLs take the +general form: + +<p><code>PROTOCOL :// HOST / PATH</code> + +<p>where + +<dl> + <dt><code>PROTOCOL</code> + <dd>identifies the communications protocol (<em>scheme</em>) used + by the server that will provide the file. As mentioned earlier, + Lynx (and any WWW client) can interact with a variety of servers, + each with its own protocol. + + <dt><code>HOST</code> + <dd>is the Internet address of the computer system on which the + server is running, and + + <dt><code>PATH</code> + <dd>is a scheme-specific field which for some schemes may + correspond to a directory path and/or filename. +</dl> + +Here are some sample URLs. + +<dl> + <dt>HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) + <dd><code>http://www.subir.com/lynx.html</code> + + <dt>Gopher + <dd><code>gopher://gopher.micro.umn.edu/11/</code> + + <dt>FTP (File Transfer Protocol) + <dd><code>ftp://ftp2.cc.ukans.edu/pub/lynx/README</code> + + <dt>WAIS (Wide Area Information Service protocol) + <dd><code>wais://cnidr.org/directory-of-servers</code> + + <dt>A URL may be specified to Lynx on the command line, as in: + <dd><code>lynx http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/kufacts_start.html</code> +</dl> + +Lynx also will attempt to create a complete URL if you include adequate +portions of it in the startfile argument. For example:<br> +<pre> +1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789 + <em>wfbr</em> will be expanded to: + <em>http://www.wfbr.edu/</em> and: + <em>ftp.more.net/pub</em> will be expanded to: + <em>ftp://ftp.more.net/pub</em> +</pre> +See <a href="lynx_url_support.html">URL Schemes Supported by Lynx</a> for +more detailed information. [<A HREF="#ToC-Remote">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-EnVar"><A NAME="EnVar"><em>Starting Lynx with the WWW_HOME environment variable.</em></A></h2> + +You may also specify a starting file for Lynx using the WWW_HOME +environment variable, +<dl> + <dt>UNIX + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>ksh + <dd><code>export WWW_HOME=http://www.w3.org/</code> + <dt>csh + <dd><code>setenv WWW_HOME http://www.w3.org/</code> + </dl> + <dt>VMS + <dd><code>define "WWW_HOME" "http://www.w3.org/"</code> + <dt>win32 + <dd><code>WWW_HOME=http://www.w3.org/ [or in registry]</code> +</dl> + +Note that on VMS the double-quoting <em>must</em> be included to preserve +casing. [<A HREF="#ToC-EnVar">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-IntraDocNav"><A NAME="IntraDocNav"><em>Navigating hypertext documents with Lynx</em></A></h2> + +The process of moving within a hypertext web, selecting and displaying +links is known as "navigation." With Lynx almost all navigation can be +accomplished with the arrow keys and the numeric keypad. +<pre> + +-------+-------+-------+ + | TOP | /|\ | Page | + arrow keys | of | | | UP | + | text 7| | 8| 9| + +---------+ +-------+-------+-------+ + | SELECT | | | | | + | prev /|\| | <--- | | ---> | + | link | | | 4| 5| 6| + +---------+---------+---------+ +-------+-------+-------+ + | BACK | SELECT | DISPLAY | | END | | | Page | + |<-- prev | next | | sel. -->| | of | | | DOWN | + | doc. | link \|/| link | | text 1| \|/ 2| 3| + +---------+---------+---------+ +-------+-------+-------+ +</pre> + +There are also a few other keyboard commands to aid in navigation. The +Control and Function keys used for navigation within the current document +are described in <A +HREF="#MiscKeys"><em>Scrolling and Other useful commands</em></A>. Some +additional commands depend on the fact that Lynx keeps a list of each +link you visited to reach the current document, called the <a +href="keystrokes/history_help.html">History Page</a>, and a +list of all links visited during the current Lynx session, called the <a +href="keystrokes/visited_help.html">Visited Links Page</a>. The +HISTORY keystroke command, normally mapped to <em>Backspace</em> or +<em>Delete</em>, will show you the <em>History Page</em> of links leading to +your access of the current document. Any of the previous documents shown in +the list may be revisited by selecting them from the history screen. The +VLINKS keystroke command, normally mapped to uppercase '<em>V</em>', will +show the <em>Visited Links Page</em>, and you similarly can select links in +that list. The MAIN_MENU keystroke command, normally mapped to '<em>m</em>' +and '<em>M</em>', will take you back to the starting document unless you +specified the <em>-homepage=URL</em> option at the command line. Also, the +LIST and ADDRLIST keystroke commands, normally mapped to '<em>l</em>' and +<em>A</em>' respectively, will create a compact lists of all the links in +the current document, and they can be selected via those lists. + +<p>The '<em>i</em>' key presents an index of documents. The default index +offered contains many useful links, but can be changed in <em>lynx.cfg</em> +or on the command line using the <em>-index=URL</em> switch. + +<p>If you choose a link to a server with active access authorization, Lynx +will automatically prompt for a username and a password. If you give the +correct information, you will then be served the requested information. +Lynx will automatically send your username and password to the same server +if it is needed again. [<A HREF="#ToC-IntraDocNav">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Disposing"><A NAME="Disposing" +><em>Printing, Mailing, and Saving rendered files to disk.</em></A></h2> + +Rendered HTML documents, and plain text files, may be printed using the +'<em>p</em>' command while viewing the document. After pressing the +'<em>p</em>' key a menu of <em>Print Options</em> will be displayed. The +menu will vary according to several factors. First, some sites set up +special accounts to let users run Lynx to access local information systems. +Typically these accounts require no passwords and do not require users to +identify themselves. As a result such accounts are called "anonymous" +accounts, and their users are considered "anonymous" users. In most +configurations, all Lynx users (including anonymous users) are able to +mail files to themselves and print the entire file to the screen. + +<p>Additional print options are available for users who are using +Lynx from their own accounts (that is, so-called "non-anonymous +users"). In particular, the <em>Save to a local file</EM> +option allows you to save the document into a file on your disk +space. Additional print options may also be +available as configured in the <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> file. + +<p>Some options, such as <em>Save to a local file</em>, involve prompting +for an output filename. All output filename entries are saved in a +circular buffer, and any previous entries can be retrieved for re-use by +pressing the <em>up-arrow</em> or <em>down-arrow</em> keys at the prompt. + +<p>Note that if you want exact copies of text files without any expansions +of TAB characters to spaces you should use the +<a href="#RemoteSource">Download</a> options. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Disposing">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-LocalSource"><A NAME="LocalSource" +><em>Viewing the HTML document source and editing documents</em></A></h2> + +When viewing HTML documents it is possible to retrieve and display the +unrendered (i.e., the original HTML) source of the document by pressing +the '<em>\</em>' (backslash) key. Lynx usually caches only the rendering +of the document and doesn't keep the source (unless it is configured to do +so in the <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> file), so to display the source +unrendered, Lynx must reload it from the server or disk. +When viewing unrendered documents you may print them as any normal document. + +<p>Selecting the <em>Print to a local file</em> option from the Print Menu, +makes it possible to save the source of the document to disk so that you +may have a local copy of the document source, but it is better to <a +href="#RemoteSource">Download</a> the source. + +<p>NOTE: When saving an HTML document it is important to name the +document with a <em>.html</em> or <em>.htm</em> extension, if you +want to read it with Lynx again later. + +<p ID="FileEdit">Lynx can allow users to edit documents that reside on the +local system. To enable editing, documents must be referenced using a +"file:" URL or by specifying a plain filename on the command line as +in the following two examples: + +<dl> +<dt>Command + <dd><code>lynx file://localhost/FULL/PATH/FILENAME</code> + <dd><code>lynx path/filename.html</code> +</dl> + +In addition, the user must also specify an editor in the +<em>Options Menu</em> so that Lynx knows which editor to use. If the +file is specified correctly and an editor is defined, then you may edit +documents by using the '<em>e</em>' command. When the '<em>e</em>' +command is entered your specified editor is spawned to edit the file. +After changes are completed, exit your editor and you will return to Lynx. +Lynx will reload and render the file so that changes can be immediately +examined. [<A HREF="#ToC-LocalSource">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-RemoteSource"><A NAME="RemoteSource"><em>Downloading and Saving source files.</em></A></h2> + +If the DOWNLOAD keystroke command ('<em>d</em>' or <em>D</em>) is +used when positioned on a link for an HTML, plain text, or binary +file, Lynx will transfer the file, without rendering, into a +temporary location and present the user with a list of options, +just as it does when a link for a binary file of a type for which +no viewer has been mapped is activated. + +<P>There is a default <em>Download option</em> of <em>Save to +disk</em>. This is disabled if Lynx is running in anonymous +mode. Any number of download methods such as kermit and zmodem +may be defined in addition to this default in the +<em>lynx.cfg</em> file. Using the <em>Save to disk</em> option +under the PRINT command after viewing the source of an HTML with +the VIEW SOURCE (<em>\</em>) command will result in a file which +differs from the original source in various ways such as tab +characters expanded to spaces. Lynx formats the source presentation +in this mode. On the other hand, if the DOWNLOAD command is used, +the only change will be that Lynx optionally puts +<blockquote> +<!--X-URL: http://www.site.foo/path/to/file.html --><BR> +<BASE href="http://www.site.foo/path/to/file.html"> +</blockquote> +at the start of the file so that relative URLs in the document +will still work. + +Even this modification can be prevented by setting +PREPEND_BASE_TO_SOURCE:FALSE in lynx.cfg. + +<p>Some options, such as <em>Save to disk</em>, involve prompting for an +output filename. All output filename entries are saved in a circular buffer, +and any previous entries can be retrieved for re-use by pressing the +<em>up-arrow</em> or <em>down-arrow</em> keys at the prompt. +[<A HREF="#ToC-RemoteSource">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-ReDo"><A NAME="ReDo" +><em>Reloading files and refreshing the display</em></A></h2> + +The RELOAD (<em>Control-R</em>) command will reload and re-render the file +that you are currently viewing. The REFRESH (<em>Control-L</em> or +<em>Control-W</em>) command will refresh or wipe the screen to remove or +correct any errors that may be caused by operating system or other messages. + +<p>The NOCACHE ('<em>x</em>' or '<em>X</em>') command can be used in lieu +of ACTIVATE (<em>Return</em> or <em>right-arrow</em>) to request an uncached +copy and new rendition for the current link, or resubmission of a FORM, if a +cache from a previous request or submission exits. The request or submission +will include <em>Pragma: no-cache</em> and <em>Cache-Control: no-cache</em> +in its headers. Note that FORMs with POST content will be resubmitted +regardless of whether the NOCACHE or ACTIVATE command is used (see <A +HREF="#Forms"><em>Lynx and HTML Forms</em></A>). +[<A HREF="#ToC-ReDo">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Search"><A NAME="Search"><em>Lynx searching commands</em></A></h2> + +Two commands activate searching in Lynx: '<em>/</em>' and '<em>s</em>'. + +<p>While viewing a normal document use the '<em>/</em>' command +to find a word or phrase within the current document. The search +type will depend on the search option setting in the <a +href="#InteractiveOptions">Options Menu</a>. The search options +are case sensitive and case insensitive. These searches are +entirely local to Lynx. + +<p>Some documents are designated <em>index documents</em> by virtue of an +ISINDEX element in their HEAD section. These documents can be used to +retrieve additional information based on searches using words or phrases +submitted to an index server. The Lynx statusline will indicate that you +are viewing such a document, and if so, the '<em>s</em>' key will invoke a +statusline prompt to enter a query string. The prompt can be specified via +a PROMPT attribute in the ISINDEX element. Otherwise, Lynx will use an +internally configured prompt. The address for submitting the search can be +specified via an HREF or ACTION attribute. Otherwise, Lynx will use the +current document's URL and append your query string as a <em>?searchpart</em> +(see <a href="lynx_url_support.html">Supported URLs</a>). + +<p>All search words or strings which you have entered during a Lynx session +are saved in a circular buffer, and can be retrieved for re-use by pressing +the <em>up-arrow</em> or <em>down-arrow</em> keys at the prompt for a search +word or string. Also, you can use the '<em>n</em>'ext command to repeat a +search with the last-entered search word or phrase, starting from the current +position in the document. The word or phrase matches will be highlighted +throughout the document, but such highlighting will not persist for new +documents, or if the current document is reloaded. The search cycles to the +top of the document if the word or phrase is not located below your current +position. + +<p>Although <a href="#Forms">HTML Forms</a> have largely replaced index +documents for searches via http servers, they are still useful for performing +searches directly via WAIS or Gopher servers in conjunction with the internal +gateways for such servers. For example, an HTML index document can act as a +<em>cover page</em> describing a WAIS database and how to formulate query +strings for searching it, and include an element such as:<BR> +<pre> + <em><ISINDEX PROMPT="Enter WAIS query:" + HREF="wais://net.bio.net/biologists-addresses"></em> +</pre> +for submitting a search of the Biologist's Addresses database directly +to the net.bio.net WAIS server. [<A HREF="#ToC-Search">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-InteractiveOptions"><A NAME="InteractiveOptions"><em>Lynx Options Menu</em></A></h2> + +The Lynx <em>Options Menu</em> may be accessed by pressing the '<em>o</em>' +key. It allows you to change options at runtime, if you need to. +Most changes are read from & saved to your .lynxrc file; those which are not +are marked (!) in the form-based menu (as below). Many other options +are stored in the <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> file. + +<p>Lynx supports two styles of Options Menu, key-based & form-based. +The form-based menu shown below is an HTML file generated at runtime, +in which the user fills in choices as in any ordinary HTML form. +<pre> + + Options Menu (Lynx Version 2.8.7rel.1) + + Accept Changes - Reset Changes Left Arrow cancels changes <A +HREF="keystrokes/option_help.html">HELP!</A> + + Save options to disk: [_] + (options marked with (!) will not be saved) + + General Preferences + User mode : [Advanced....] + Editor : __________________________________________ + Type of Search : [Case insensitive] + + Security and Privacy + Cookies (!) : [ask user..] + Invalid-Cookie Prompting (!) : [prompt normally___] + SSL Prompting (!) : [prompt normally___] + + Keyboard Input + Keypad mode : [Links are numbered................] + Emacs keys : [OFF] + VI keys : [OFF] + Line edit style : [Bash-like Bindings] + Keyboard layout : [YAWERTY Cyrillic, for DEC LK201 kbd] + + Display and Character Sets + Use locale-based character set(!): [OFF] + Display character set : [Cyrillic (ISO-8859-5)..........] + Assumed document character set(!): [iso-8859-1......] + Raw 8-bit (!) : [OFF] + X Display (!) : __________________________________________ + + Document Appearance + Show color : [ON....] + Show cursor : [OFF] + Underline links (!) : [OFF] + Show scrollbar : [OFF] + Popups for select fields : [ON.] + HTML error recovery (!) : [strict (SortaSGML mode)] + Bad HTML messages (!) : [Warn, point to trace-file] + Show images (!) : [as labels] + Verbose images : [OFF..........] + + Headers Transferred to Remote Servers + Personal mail address : __________________________________________ + Password for anonymous ftp : __________________________________________ + Preferred media type (!) : [Accept lynx's internal types] + Preferred encoding (!) : [All_____] + Preferred document character set : _________________________________ + Preferred document language : _________________________________ + Send User-Agent header (!) : [ ] + User-Agent header (!) : __________________________________________ + + Listing and Accessing Files + Use Passive FTP (!) : [ON_] + FTP sort criteria : [By Name] + Local directory sort criteria : [Mixed style......] + Local directory sort order : [By name..........] + Show dot files : [ON.] + Execution links : [FOR LOCAL FILES ONLY] + Pause when showing message (!) : [ON_] + Show transfer rate : [Show progressbar___] + + Special Files and Screens + Multi-bookmarks : [ADVANCED] + Review/edit Bookmarks files : Goto multi-bookmark menu + Auto Session (!) : [OFF] + Session file (!) : ___________________________________________ + Visited Pages : [As Visit Tree..........] + + View the file lynx.cfg + + Accept Changes - Reset Changes Left Arrow cancels changes + +</pre> +<p>The key-based menu depends on key-strokes to identify options +which the user wants to change. It is compiled into Lynx +and is accessed by setting FORMS_OPTIONS to TRUE in +<A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A>. +<pre> + + Options Menu (Lynx Version 2.8.7rel.1) + + (E)ditor : emacs + (D)ISPLAY variable : aixtest.cc.ukans.edu:0.0 + mu(L)ti-bookmarks: OFF B)ookmark file: lynx_bookmarks.html + (F)TP sort criteria : By Filename + (P)ersonal mail address : montulli@netscape.com + (S)earching type : CASE INSENSITIVE + preferred document lan(G)uage: en + preferred document c(H)arset : NONE + display (C)haracter set : Western (ISO-8859-1) + raw 8-bit or CJK m(O)de : ON show color (&) : OFF + (V)I keys: OFF e(M)acs keys: OFF sho(W) dot files: OFF + popups for selec(T) fields : ON show cursor (@) : OFF + (K)eypad mode : Numbers act as arrows + li(N)e edit style : Default Binding + l(I)st directory style : Mixed style + (U)ser mode : Advanced verbose images (!) : ON + user (A)gent : [User-Agent header] + local e(X)ecution links : FOR LOCAL FILES ONLY +</pre> + +An option can be changed by entering the capital letter or character in +parentheses for the option you wish to change (e.g., '<em>E</em>' for Editor +or '<em>@</em>' for show cursor). For fields where text must be entered, +simply enter the text by typing on the keyboard. The <a +href="keystrokes/edit_help.html">Line Editor</a> can be used to +correct mistakes, and <em>Control-U</em> can be used to erase the +line. When you are done entering a change press the <em>Return</em> key +to get back to the <em>Command?</em> prompt. + +<p>For fields where you must choose one of two choices, press any key +to toggle the choices and press the <em>Return</em> key to finish the +change. + +<p>For fields where you potentially have more than two choices, +popup windows may be evoked which function homologously to those +for select fields in <a href="#Forms">HTML Forms</a>. The popup +windows will be invoked only if you have popups for select fields +set to ON (see below). Otherwise, your cursor will be positioned +at the current choice, and you can press any key to cycle through +the choices, then press the <em>Return</em> key to finish the +change. + +<p>When you are done changing options use the '<em>r</em>' command to +return to Lynx or the '<em>></em>' command to save the options to a +<em>.lynxrc</em> file and return to Lynx. + +<p>The following table describes the options available on the +<em>Options Menu</em>: + +<dl> + <dt>Assumed document character set + <dd>This option changes the handling of documents which do not + explicitly specify a charset. Normally Lynx assumes that 8-bit + characters in those documents are encoded according to iso-8859-1 + (the official default for the HTTP protocol). Unfortunately, + many non-English web pages "forget" to include proper charset info; + this option helps you to browse those broken pages if you know + by some means what the charset is. When the value + given here or by an -assume_charset command line flag is in effect, + Lynx will treat documents as if they were encoded accordingly. + This option active when 'Raw 8-bit or CJK Mode' is OFF. + + <dt>Auto Session + <dt>Lynx can save and restore useful information about + your browsing history. + Use this setting to enable or disable the feature. + + <dt>Bad HTML messages + <dd>Suppress or redirect Lynx's messages about "Bad HTML": + <dl> + <dt>Ignore + <dd>do not warn; no details are written to the trace-file. + <dt>Add to trace-file + <dd>add the detailed warning message to the trace-file. + <dt>Add to LYNXMESSAGES + <dd>add the detailed warning message to the message page at + "LYNXMESSAGES:". + <dt>Warn, point to trace-file + <dd>show a warning message on the status line; the complete + message is written to the trace-file. + </dl> + + <dt>Bookmark file + <dd>When multi-bookmarks is OFF, this is the filename and location + of your default personal bookmark file. Enter '<em>B</em>' to + modify the filename and/or location via the <a + href="keystrokes/edit_help.html">Line Editor</a>. + Bookmark files allow frequently traveled links to be stored in + personal easy to access files. + <p>Using the '<em>a</em>'dd bookmark + link command (see <a href="#Bookmarks">Lynx bookmarks</a>) you may save + any link that does not have associated POST content into a + bookmark file. All bookmark files must be in or under your + account's home directory. If the location specified does not + begin with a dot-slash (./), its presence will still be assumed, + and referenced to the home directory. + <p>When multi-bookmarks is + STANDARD or ADVANCED, entering '<em>B</em>' will invoke a menu + of up to 26 bookmark files (associated with the letters of the + English alphabet), for editing their filenames and locations + (<em>filepath</em>), and descriptions. + <p>Lynx will create bookmark + files, if they don't already exist, when you first '<em>a</em>'dd + a bookmark link to them. However, if you've specified a + subdirectory (e.g., ./BM/lynx_bookmarks.html), that subdirectory + must already exist. Note that on VMS you should use the URL + syntax for the filepath (e.g., <em>not</em> + [.BM]lynx_bookmarks.html). + + <dt>Cookies + <dd>This option allows you to tell how to handle cookies: + <em>ignore</em>, + prompt (<em>ask user</em>) or <em>accept all</em>. + + <dt>Display Character set + <dd>This option allows you to set up the default character set for + your specific terminal. The display character set provides a + mapping from the character encodings of viewed documents and + from HTML entities into viewable characters. It should be set + according to your terminal's character set so that characters + other than 7-bit ASCII can be displayed correctly, using + approximations if necessary. You must have the selected + character set installed on your terminal. (Since Lynx now + supports a wide range of platforms it may be useful to note + that cpXXX codepages used within IBM PC computers, and + windows-xxxx within native MS-Windows apps.) + + <dt>Editor + <dd>The editor to be invoked when editing browsable files, when + sending mail or comments, when preparing a news article for + posting, and for external TEXTAREA editing. The full pathname + of the editor command should be specified when possible. + + <dt>Emacs keys + <dd>If set to ON then the CTRL-P, CTRL-N, CTRL-F, and CTRL-B keys + will be mapped to up-arrow, down-arrow, right-arrow, and + left-arrow, respectively. Otherwise, they remain mapped to + their configured bindings (normally UP_TWO lines, DOWN_TWO + lines, NEXT_PAGE, and PREV_PAGE, respectively). + + <p>Note: this has no direct effect on the line-editor's key bindings. + + <dt>Execution links<br> + This deals with execution of local scripts or links: + <dd>Local execution is activated when Lynx is first set up. + If it has not been activated you will not see this option + in the <em>Options Menu</em>. + <dd>When a local execution script is encountered Lynx checks the + users options to see whether the script can be executed. Users + have the following options: + <dl> + <dt> Always off + <dd>Local execution scripts will never be executed + <dt>For Local files only + <dd>Local execution scripts will only be executed if the + script to be executed resides on the local machine, + and is referenced by a URL that begins with + <em>file://localhost</em> + <dt>Always on + <dd>All local execution scripts will be executed + </dl> + + <dd>If the users options permit the script to be executed Lynx will + spawn a shell and run the script. If the script cannot be + executed Lynx will show the script within the Lynx window and + inform the user that the script is not allowed to be executed + and will ask the user to check his/her options. + [<A HREF="#ToC-InteractiveOptions">ToC</A>] + + <dt>FTP sort criteria + <dd>This option allows you to specify how files will be sorted + within FTP listings. The current options include + "<code>By Filename</code>", "<code>By Size</code>", + "<code>By Type</code>", and "<code>By Date</code>". + + <dt>HTML error recovery + <dd>Select the + <A HREF="keystrokes/option_help.html#tagsoup">recovery mode</A> + used by Lynx. + + <dt>Invalid-Cookie Prompting + <dd>This allows you to tell how to handle invalid cookies: + <em>prompt normally</em> to prompt for each cookie, + <em>force yes-response</em> to reply "yes" to each prompt, + <em>force no-response</em> to reply "no" to each prompt. + + <dt>Keypad mode + <dd>This option gives the choice among navigating with the arrow + keys, or having every link numbered so that the links may be + selected or made current by numbers as well as using the arrow + keys, or having every link as well as every form field numbered + so that they can be selected or sought by numbers. See the<br> + <a href="keystrokes/follow_help.html" + >Follow link (or page) number:</a> and<br> + <a + href="keystrokes/follow_help.html#select-option" + >Select option (or page) number:</a><br> + help for more information. + + <dt>Line edit style + <dd>This option allows you to set alternative key bindings for the + built-in line editor, if alternative line-edit bindings have + been compiled in. Otherwise, Lynx uses the <a + href="keystrokes/edit_help.html">Default Binding</a>. + + <dt>Local directory sort criteria + <dd>This applies to directory editing. Files and directories can be + presented in the following ways: + <dl> + <dt>Mixed style + <dd>Files and directories are listed together in alphabetical + order. + <dt>Directories first + <dd>Files and directories are separated into two alphabetical + lists. Directories are listed first. + <dt>Files first + <dd>Files and directories are separated into two alphabetical + lists. Files are listed first. + </dl> + + <dt>Local directory sort order + <dd>The Options Form also allows you to sort by the file attributes. + <dl> + <dt>By name + <dd>by filename (the default) + <dt>By size + <dd>by file size, in descending order + <dt>By date + <dd>by file modification time, in descending order + <dt>By mode + <dd>by file protection + <dt>By type + <dd>by filename suffix, e.g., the text beginning with '.' + <dt>By user + <dd>by file owner's user-id + <dt>By group + <dd>by file owner's group-id + </dl> + + <dt>Multi-bookmarks + <dd>Lynx supports a default bookmark file, and up to 26 total + bookmark files (see below). When multi-bookmarks is OFF, + the default bookmark file is used for the '<em>v</em>'iew + bookmarks and '<em>a</em>'dd bookmark link commands. If + multi-bookmark support is available in your account, the + setting can be changed to STANDARD or ADVANCED. In STANDARD + mode, a menu of available bookmarks always is invoked when + you seek to view a bookmark file or add a link, and you select + the bookmark file by its letter token (see + <em>Bookmark file</em>, below) in that menu. In ADVANCED mode, + you instead are prompted for the letter of the desired bookmark + file, but can enter '<em>=</em>' to invoke the STANDARD selection + menu, or <em>RETURN</em> for the default bookmark file. + + <dt>Password for anonymous ftp + <dd>If this is blank, Lynx will use your personal mail address + as the anonymous ftp password. Though that is the convention, + some users prefer to use some other string which provides + less information. If the given value lacks a "@", Lynx also + will use your computer's hostname as part of the password. + If both this field and the personal mail address are blank, + Lynx will use your $USER environment variable, or "WWWuser" + if even the environment variable is unset. + + <dt>Pause when showing message + <dd>If set to "off", this overrides the INFOSECS setting in lynx.cfg, + to eliminate pauses when displaying informational messages, + like the "-nopause" command line option. + + <dt>Personal mail address + <dd>This mail address will be used to help you send files to + yourself and will be included as the From: address in any mail + or comments that you send. It will also be sent as the From: + field in HTTP or HTTPS requests if inclusion of that header + has been enabled via the NO_FROM_HEADER definition in + <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> + (the compilation default is not to send the header), or via the + <em>-from</em> command line toggle. + + <dt>Popups for select fields + <dd>Lynx normally uses a popup window for the OPTIONs in form + SELECT fields when the field does not have the MULTIPLE + attribute specified, and thus only one OPTION can be selected. + The use of popup windows can be disabled by changing this setting + to OFF, in which case the OPTIONs will be rendered as a list of + radio buttons. Note that if the SELECT field does have the + MULTIPLE attribute specified, the OPTIONs always are rendered + as a list of checkboxes. + + <dt>Preferred document language + <dd>The language you prefer if multi-language files are available + from servers. Use RFC 1766 abbreviations, e.g., en for English, + fr for French, etc. Can be a comma-separated list, which may + be interpreted by servers as descending order of preferences. + You can also make your order of preference explicit by using + q factors as defined by the HTTP protocol, for servers which + understand it, for example: + da, en-gb;q=0.8, en;q=0.7 + + <dt>Preferred document charset + <dd>The character set you prefer if sets in addition to ISO-8859-1 + and US-ASCII are available from servers. Use MIME notation + (e.g., ISO-8859-2) and do not include ISO-8859-1 or US-ASCII, + since those values are always assumed by default. Can be a + comma-separated list, which may be interpreted by servers as + descending order of preferences. You can also make your order + of preference explicit by using q factors as defined by the + HTTP protocol, for servers which understand it, for example: + iso-8859-5, utf-8;q=0.8 + + <dt>Preferred encoding + <dd>When doing a GET, lynx tells what types of compressed data it can + decompress (the "Accept-Encoding:" string). This is determined by + compiled-in support for decompression or external decompression + programs. Use this option to select none, one or all of the + supported decompression types. + + <dt>Preferred media type + <dd>When doing a GET, lynx lists the MIME types which it knows how + to present (the "Accept:" string). Depending on your system + configuration, the mime.types or other data given by the + GLOBAL_EXTENSION_MAP may include many entries that lynx really does + not handle. Use this option to select one of the built-in subsets + of the MIME types that lynx could list in the Accept. + <dl> + <dt>Accept lynx's internal types + <dd>list only the types that are compiled into lynx. + <dt>Also accept lynx.cfg's types + <dd>lists types defined in lynx.cfg, e.g., the VIEWER and + Cern RULE or RULESFILE settings. + <dt>Also accept user's types + <dd>lists types from the PERSONAL_EXTENSION_MAP setting in + lynx.cfg + <dt>Also accept system's types + <dd>lists types from the GLOBAL_EXTENSION_MAP setting in + lynx.cfg + <dt>Accept all types + <dd>adds the types that are in lynx's built-in tables for + external programs that may be used to present a + document. + </dl> + + <dt>Raw 8-bit or CJK Mode + <dd>Whether 8-bit characters are assumed to correspond with the + display character set and therefore are processed without + translation via the chartrans conversion tables. Should be ON + by default when the display character set is one of the + Asian (CJK) sets and the 8-bit characters are Kanji multibytes. + Should be OFF for the other display character sets, + but can be turned ON + when the document's charset is unknown (e.g., is not ISO-8859-1 + and no charset parameter was specified in a reply header from + an HTTP server to indicate what it is) but you know by some + means that you have the matching display character set selected. + Should be OFF when an Asian (CJK) set is selected but the document + is ISO-8859-1 or another 'assumed document character set'. + The setting also can be toggled via the RAW_TOGGLE + command, normally mapped to '<em>@</em>', and at startup via the + <em>-raw</em> switch. + + <dt>Send User-Agent header + Controls whether the user-agent string will be sent. + + <dt>Session file + <dd>Define the file name where lynx will store user sessions. + This setting is used only when <em>Auto Session</em> is enabled. + + <dt>Show color + <dd>This option will be present if color support is available. + If set to ON or ALWAYS, color mode will be forced on if possible. + If (n)curses color support is available but cannot be used for + the current terminal type, selecting ON is rejected with a message. + If set to OFF or NEVER, color mode will be turned off.<BR> + ALWAYS and + NEVER are not offered in anonymous accounts. If saved to a + <em>.lynxrc</em> file in non-anonymous accounts, ALWAYS will + cause Lynx to set color mode on at startup if supported. + If Lynx is built with the slang library, this is equivalent to + having included the <em>-color</em> command line switch or having the + <em>COLORTERM</em> environment variable set. If color support is + provided by curses or ncurses, this is equivalent to the default + behavior of using color when the terminal type supports it. + If (n)curses color support is available but cannot be used for + the current terminal type, the preference can still be saved + but will have no effect.<BR> + A saved value of NEVER will + cause Lynx to assume a monochrome terminal at startup. + It is similar to the <em>-nocolor</em> switch, but (when the + slang library is used) can be overridden with the <em>-color</em> + switch.<BR> + If the setting is OFF or ON + when the current options are saved to a <em>.lynxrc</em> file, + the default startup behavior is retained, such that color mode + will be turned on at startup only if the terminal info indicates + that you have a color-capable terminal, or (when the + slang library is used) if forced on via the + <em>-color</em> switch or <em>COLORTERM</em> variable. This + default behavior always is used in anonymous accounts, or if + the <em>option_save</em> restriction is set explicitly. If + for any reason the startup color mode is incorrect for your + terminal, set it appropriately on or off via this option. + + <dt>Show cursor + <dd>Lynx normally hides the cursor by positioning it to the right + and if possible the very bottom of the screen, so that the + current link or OPTION is indicated solely by its highlighting + or color. If show cursor is set to ON, the cursor will be + positioned at the left of the current link or OPTION. This + is helpful when Lynx is being used with a speech or braille + interface. It also is useful for sighted users when the + terminal cannot distinguish the character attributes used + to distinguish the current link or OPTION from the others in + the screen display. + + <dt>Show dot files + <dd>If display/creation of hidden (dot) files/directories is + enabled, you can turn the feature on or off via this setting. + + <dt>Show images + <dd>This allows you to select the way in which Lynx shows image links. + These are the available selections: + <ul> + <li><em>ignore</em> to suppress the links altogether, + <li><em>as labels</em> to show the descriptive text for the link + <li><em>as links</em>, which allows you to use an external viewer + </ul> + + <dt>Show scrollbar + <dd>This allows you to enable (show) or disable (hide) the scrollbar + on the right-margin of the display. + This feature is available with ncurses or slang libraries. + + <dt>Show transfer rate + <dd>This allows you to select the way in which Lynx shows + its progress in downloading large pages. + It displays its progress in the status line. + These are the available selections: + <ul> + <li>Do not show rate + <li>Local directory sort order + <li>Show dot files + <li>Execution links + <li>Pause when showing message + <li>Show transfer rate + </ul> + + <dt>SSL Prompting + <dd>This allows you to tell how to handle errors detected in SSL + connections + <em>prompt normally</em> to prompt for each cookie, + <em>force yes-response</em> to reply "yes" to each prompt, + <em>force no-response</em> to reply "no" to each prompt. + + <dt>Type of Search + <dd>Searching type has two possible values: CASE INSENSITIVE + (default) and CASE SENSITIVE. The searching type effects + inter-document searches only, and determines whether searches + for words within documents will be done in a case-sensitive or + case-insensitive manner. + + <dt>Use locale-based character set + <dd>This option allows you to request lynx to obtain a MIME name + from the operating system which corresponds to your locale + setting. If successful, it overrides the normal setting of + the display character set. + + <dt>Underline links + <dd>Use underline-attribute rather than bold for links. + + <dt>Use Passive FTP + <dd>This allows you to change whether Lynx uses passive ftp + connections. + + <dt>User Agent header + <dd>The header string which Lynx sends to HTTP servers to indicate the + User-Agent is displayed here. Changes may be disallowed via + the <em>-restrictions</em> switch. Otherwise, the header can be + changed temporarily to a string such as <em>L_y_n_x/2.8.7</em> + for access to sites which discriminate against Lynx based on + checks for the presence of "Lynx" in the header. If + the User-Agent header has been changed, it can + be restored to the built-in default value + by deleting the modified string in the + Options Menu. Whenever the User-Agent header is + changed, the current document is reloaded, with the no-cache + flags set, on exit from the Options Menu. Changes of + the header are not saved in the RC file. + <dd><em ID="noteUA">NOTE:</em> Some sites may regard misrepresenting + the browser + as fraudulent deception, or as gaining unauthorized access, if + it is used to circumvent blocking that was intentionally put in + place. Some browser manufacturers may find the transmission of + their product's name objectionable. If you change the User-Agent + string, it is your responsibility. The Options Menu issues + a reminder whenever the + header is changed to one which does not include "Lynx" + or "L_y_n_x". + + <dt>User Mode + <dd>There are three possible choices: Novice, Intermediate, and + Advanced. + <dl> + <dt>Novice + <dd>In Novice mode two lines of help are displayed at the + bottom of the screen. + <dt>Intermediate + <dd>Intermediate mode turns off the help lines. + <dt>Advanced + <dd>Advanced mode displays the URL of the currently selected + link at the bottom of the screen. + </dl> + + <dt>Verbose Images + <dd>Controls whether or not Lynx replaces the [LINK], [INLINE] and + [IMAGE] comments (for images without ALT) with filenames of these + images. This is extremely useful because now we can determine + immediately what images are just decorations (button.gif, line.gif) + and what images are important. This setting can also be toggled + on startup via the <em>-verbose</em> switch. + + <dt>VI keys + <dd>If set to ON then the lowercase h, j, k, and l keys will be + mapped to left, down, up, and right arrow, respectively. The + uppercase H, J, K, and L keys remain mapped to their configured + bindings (normally HELP, JUMP, KEYMAP, and LIST, respectively). + + <p>Note: this has no effect on the line-editor's key bindings. + + <dt>Visited Pages + <dd>Enable several different views of the visited links: + <dl> + <dt>By First Visit + <dt>By First Visit Reversed + <dt>As Visit Tree + <dt>By Last Visit + <dt>By Last Visit Reversed + </dl> + + <dt>X Display + <dd>This option is only relevant to X Window users. The DISPLAY + (Unix) or DECW$DISPLAY (VMS) variable is picked up automatically + from the environment if it has been previously set. +</dl> + +<h2 ID="id-Mail"><A NAME="Mail"><em>Comments and mailto: links</em></A></h2> + +At any time while viewing documents within Lynx, you may use the +'<em>c</em>' command to send a mail message to the owner of the current +document if the author of the document has specified ownership. (Note to +authors: if you want to assign the ownership to your document, you need to add +into HEAD section a LINK element with appropriate value for REV attribute. Two +values are recognized: <em>owner</em> and <em>made</em> (these are case +insensitive). For example, <pre> +<HEAD> + … + <LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:user@somedomain.com"> + … +</HEAD> +</pre> +You may also add a TITLE attribute with, for example, the name of your page) If +no ownership is specified then comments are disabled. Certain links called +<a href="lynx_url_support.html#mailto_url">mailto:</a> links will also allow +you to send mail to other people. Using the mail features within Lynx is +straightforward. + +<p>Once you have decided to send a comment or have selected a +<em>mailto:</em> link a new screen will appear showing you to whom you +are sending the message. Lynx will ask for your name, your e-mail +address, and the subject of the message. If you have filled in the +"personal mail address" field in the <em>Options Menu</em>, your e-mail +address will be filled in automatically. After entering the above +information, if you have an editor defined in the <em>Options Menu</em> +and you are not an anonymous user then your specified editor will be +spawned for you so that you can enter your message. If you do not have +an editor defined or you are an anonymous user, a simple line mode input +scheme will allow you to enter your message. + +<p>To finish sending the message, exit your spawned editor or, if you are +using the simple line mode input scheme, type a '<em>.</em>' (period) on +a line by itself. You will be asked a final time whether to send the +message. If you press '<em>y</em>', you will be prompted whether to +append your signature file if one was defined in +<A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> and is accessible, +and then the message will be sent, whereas if you press '<em>n</em>' the +message will be deleted. Entering Control-G in response to any prompts +also will cancel the mailing.[<A HREF="#ToC-Mail">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-News"><A NAME="News"><em>USENET News posting</em></A></h2> + +While reading <a +href="http://www.w3.org/LineMode/User/AboutNewsServers.html" +>news</a> articles with Lynx you should see a link that says +<em>Reply to: user@host</em> and, if the nntp server from which you +received the article supports posting from your site, a link that says +<em>Followup to: newsgroup(s)</em> + +<dl> + <dt>Reply to user@host + <dd>user@host will correspond to the mail address of the + person who posted the news article. Selecting the link will + allow you to send a message to the person who wrote the message + you are currently viewing. You will be given the option of + including the original message in your reply. + + <dt>Followup to newsgroup(s) + <dd>Selecting this link will allow you to post back to the + newsgroup that you are currently reading and any newsgroups + to which the message was cross-posted. You will be given + the option of including the original message in your reply. + Once you have typed in your message, you will be asked for + confirmation of whether to proceed with the posting, and + whether to append your signature file if one was defined in + <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> and is accessible. See <a + href="lynx_url_support.html">Supported URLs</a> for more + information about the URL schemes for posting or sending + followups (replies) to nntp servers with Lynx. + [<A HREF="#ToC-News">ToC</A>] +</dl> +See also <a +href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc977/rfc977">RFC 977</a>. + +<h2 ID="id-Bookmarks"><A NAME="Bookmarks"><em>Lynx bookmarks</em></A></h2> + +Bookmarks are entries in your <em>bookmark file</em>, which record +the URL of a document you may want to return to easily, with a name +of your choice to identify the document. To use bookmarks +you must first have specified a name for your bookmark file +in <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> or via the <em>Options Menu</em>. +<p> +To save a bookmark to the document you wish to place in the +bookmark file press the '<em>a</em>' key and you will be asked: + +<blockquote> + Save D)ocument or L)ink to bookmark file or C)ancel? (d,l,c): +</blockquote> + +Answer '<em>d</em>' to save a link to the document you are currently +viewing or '<em>l</em>' to save the link that is currently selected on +the page. Selecting '<em>c</em>' will cancel without saving anything to +your bookmark file. + +<p>A bookmark file will be created in conjunction with acting on the +'<em>a</em>'dd command if it does not already exist. Otherwise, the link +will be added to the bottom of the pre-existing bookmark file. You must +have created a bookmark file via the '<em>a</em>'dd command before you +can view it. + +<p>Use the '<em>v</em>' command to view the list of bookmarks you have +saved. While viewing the bookmark list you may select a bookmark as you +would any other link. + +<p>You can remove a link from the bookmark list by pressing the +'<em>r</em>' key when positioned on that link. You also can use a +standard text editor (e.g., via the '<em>e</em>'dit command while viewing +a bookmark file, if an external editor has been defined via the <em>Options +menu</em>) to delete or re-order links in the bookmark file, or to modify +a link name by editing the content of the <em>A</em>nchor element for the +link, but you should not change the format within the line for the link, +consisting of an <em>LI</em> element followed by the <em>A</em>nchor +element, nor cause the line to become wrapped to a second line. You +similarly can change the link destination by editing the double-quoted +value for the <em>HREF</em> attribute in the <em>A</em>nchor start tag, +but you should not otherwise change the spacing within the start tag, nor +add other attributes. You can add a new link while editing by copying +an existing line for a link, to ensure the proper format, and then +modifying its <em>HREF</em> value and <em>A</em>nchor content, but you +should not add any other HTML markup to the bookmark file. If the format +and spacing (other than the <em>A</em>nchor content or <em>HREF</em> value) +within lines is changed or other HTML markup is added, the '<em>a</em>'dd +and '<em>r</em>'emove commands may not work properly. + +<p>When multi-bookmarks (see <a +href="#InteractiveOptions">Options Menu</a>) is OFF, you will +always view or add links to the default bookmark file. When it +is STANDARD, a menu of up to 26 bookmark files will be invoked, +and you select the bookmark file by entering its letter +token. When it is ADVANCED, you will be prompted for the letter +token, but can enter '<em>=</em>' to invoke the STANDARD +selection menu, or <em>RETURN</em> for the default bookmark file. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Bookmarks">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Jumps"><A NAME="Jumps"><em>Jump Command</em></a></h2> + +Similar to the bookmarks file is the jumps file: for an example, +look in the <em>samples</em> subdirectory in the distribution package. +To use the jumps command, create a <em>jumps file</em> with the same format +as the sample file, but containing your own URLs & short-cut names. +Once you have done that, typing '<em>j</em>' prompts you to enter +a short-cut name, which will take you straight to the URL +associated with the short-cut in the jumps file, +much like using '<em>g</em>'. +If you want to check which short-cuts are available, +type '<em>?</em>' at the jump prompt for the full list.<p> + +All jump short-cuts you have entered are saved in a circular buffer +in the same way as with '<em>g</em>' and '<em>/</em>' (search):<br> +previous entries can be retrieved with <em>up-arrow</em> +or <em>down-arrow</em>.<p> + +The jumps feature is especially useful for system administrators +who have unsophisticated users to care for, but ordinary Lynx users +who have a number of URLs they regularly visit while browsing +may find using the jumps command speeds their movements.<p> + +For more advice how to set up the jumps command on your system +and how to define short-cut names, read <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> . +[<A HREF="#ToC-Jumps">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-DirEd"><A NAME="DirEd"><em>Directory Editing</em></a></h2> + +Lynx offers extended DIRED support on Unix (on VMS the more powerful +CSwing program is recommended for character cell terminals, and can be +offered via Lynx as a jump shortcut or execution link). When a local +directory is accessed using a URL of the form +<em>file://localhost/path/</em>, a new set of commands is available. +With DIRED support you can create, edit, delete, copy, and move files +on your local system. The commands available in DIRED mode are + +<dl> +<dt><code>C)reate</code> +<dd>Type '<em>c</em>' to create a new file. New file will be empty. + +<dt><code>D)ownload</code> +<dd>Type '<em>d</em>' to download using one of the pre-defined options. + +<dt><code>E)dit</code> +<dd>Type '<em>e</em>' to spawn the editor defined in <em>Options Menu</em> + and load a selected file for editing. + +<dt><code>F)ull Menu</code> +<dd>Type '<em>f</em>' to show full menu of options available for selection. + Menu may vary according to type of file selected and compression + facilities available. + +<!-- List of full menu options --> +<dt><code>M)odify</code> +<dd>Type '<em>m</em>' to modify the name or location of file. Then type + '<em>n</em>' to rename the file or '<em>l</em>' to move the file to + a different location. + +<dt><code>R)emove</code> +<dd>Type '<em>r</em>' to remove the selected file or directory. + +<dt><code>T)ag</code> +<dd>Type '<em>t</em>' to tag highlighted file. Further operations will be + performed on tagged files instead of highlighted ones. + +<dt><code>U)pload</code> +<dd>Type '<em>u</em>' to upload a file to the present directory. + An uploading method must have been pre-defined in + <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> . +</dl> +[<A HREF="#ToC-DirEd">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-ColorMouse"><A NAME="ColorMouse"><em>Using Color & the Mouse</em></A></h2> + +A limited range of colors & mouse commands are available, if the user chooses: +see <em>lynx.cfg</em> for details. + +[<A HREF="#ToC-ColorMouse">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-MiscKeys"><A NAME="MiscKeys"><em>Scrolling and Other useful commands</em></A></h2> + +A summary of all the keystroke commands and their key bindings can +be invoked via the KEYMAP command, normally mapped to '<em>k</em>' and +'<em>K</em>'. The following describes some of the most commonly used +commands. + +<dl> + <dt><em>^A</em> + <dd><em>Control-A</em> jumps you to the beginning of the current + document. It is a synonym for the Keypad <em>Home</em> key, and + can be used also when <em>Links are numbered</em> mode is on. The + <em>Find</em> Function key also is a synonym, and ideally the + latter has been mapped to the Function key labeled <em>Home</em> + if you are using an IBM Enhanced Keyboard. + <dt><em>^E</em> + <dd><em>Control-E</em> jumps you to the end of the current document. + It is a synonym for the Keypad <em>End</em> key, and can be used + also when <em>Links are numbered</em> mode is on. The <em>Select</em> + Function key also is a synonym, and ideally the latter has been + mapped to the Function key labeled <em>End</em> if you are using + an IBM Enhanced Keyboard. + <dt><em>^B</em> + <dd><em>Control-B</em> normally jumps you to the previous page of + the current document, and thus is a synonym for the Keypad and + Function <em>Page-Up</em> keys. However, <em>Control-B</em> + acts as <em>right-arrow</em> when emacs-like key movement is + enabled (see <A HREF="#InteractiveOptions">Lynx + Options Menu</A>). + <dt><em>^F</em> + <dd><em>Control-F</em> normally jumps you to the next page of the + current document, and thus is a synonym for the Keypad and + Function <em>Page-Down</em> keys. However, <em>Control-F</em> + becomes <em>right-arrow</em> when emacs-like key movement is + enabled. + <dt><em>^N</em> + <dd><em>Control-N</em> normally jumps you forward two lines in the + current document. The <em>Remove</em> Function key (labeled + <em>Delete</em> on IBM Enhanced keyboards, and distinct + from their <em>Backspace</em> key) is a synonym. + <em>Control-N</em> becomes <em>down-arrow</em> when emacs-like + key movement is enabled. + <dt><em>^P</em> + <dd><em>Control-P</em> normally jumps you back two lines in the + current document. The <em>Insert</em> Function key is a synonym. + <em>Control-P</em> becomes <em>up-arrow</em> when emacs-like + key movement is enabled. + <dt><em>)</em> + <dd>The <em>)</em> command jumps you forward half a page in the + current document. + <dt><em>(</em> + <dd>The <em>(</em> command jumps you back half a page in the + current document. + <dt><em>#</em> + <dd>The '<em>#</em>' command jumps you to the pseudo Toolbar or + Banner if present in the current document. Use + <em>left-arrow</em> to return from there to your previous + position in the document. + <dt><em>!</em> + <dd>When '<em>!</em>' is pressed your default shell will be spawned. + When you quit or exit the shell you will return to Lynx (usually + <em>exit</em> under Unix and <em>logout</em> under VMS). This + command is usually disabled for anonymous users. On VMS, + '<em>$</em>' normally is a synonym. + On Win32, this has no effect [???]. + <dt><em>g</em> + <dd>The '<em>g</em>' command allows any URL to be viewed. Pressing + the '<em>g</em>' command will bring up a prompt asking for a URL. + Type in the URL that you wish to view. All previously entered + goto URLs are saved in a circular buffer, and can be accessed at + the prompt by pressing the <em>up-arrow</em> or + <em>down-arrow</em> keys. + <dt><em>G</em> + <dd>The '<em>G</em>' command allows you to edit the URL of the + current document and then use that as a goto URL. Pressing + the '<em>G</em>' command will bring up a prompt asking you + to edit the current document's URL. If you do not modify + it, or completely delete it, or enter Control-G, the command + will be cancelled. If the current document has POST content + associated with it, an Alert will be issued. If you do edit + that URL, and it does not simply involve a fragment change + (for seeking a position in the current document), the modified + URL will be submitted with method GET and no POST content. If + a modification of the current document's URL results in a + submission, that modified URL will be entered into the circular + buffer for goto URLs, and can be accessed for further + modification via the '<em>g</em>' command. + + <dt><em>E</em> + <dd>The '<em>E</em>' command allows you to edit the URL (or ACTION) + of the current link and then use that as a goto URL. Pressing + the '<em>E</em>' command will bring up a prompt asking you + to edit the current link's URL. If you do not modify it, or + completely delete it, or enter Control-G, the command will be + cancelled. Otherwise, the request for the 'E'dited URL will be + sent with method GET, and will be entered into the circular + buffer for goto URLs so that it can be accessed for further + modification via the '<em>g</em>' command. Note that lower + case 'e' invokes the external editor for the current document. + + <dt><em>=</em> + <dd>The '<em>=</em>' command shows information about the current + document and the currently selected link if there is one. The + number of lines in the file, URL, title, owner, and type are + shown. + <dt><em>^T</em> + <dd><em>Control-T</em> toggles Lynx trace mode on and off. This is + useful for diagnosing bad html. If you get a <em>Bad HTML</em> + statusline message when loading a document, enter + <em>Control-T</em> and then <em>Control-R</em> to reload the + document in trace mode. You may then examine the + <em>Lynx Trace Log</em> file with the <em>;</em> command + if enabled (see below), watch out especially for lines marked + with a number of asterisks '<code>*****</code>'. + You also can submit the document for + validation via links in the online help menu. If you are able + to diagnose the problem, send a message about it to the + document's author. + <dt><em>;</em> + <dd>The <em>;</em> command shows the <em>Lynx Trace Log</em> + (<em>Lynx.trace</em> in the home directory) if one has been + started for the current session. If a log has not been started, + any trace messages will be sent to the screen + (and will disturb the normal display) unless the system supports + piping and that was used to redirect stderr messages to a file. + The log is started when Lynx trace mode is turned on via the + <em>-trace</em> command line switch, or via the + <em>Control-T</em> toggle, if Lynx has been compiled to log + the trace and other stderr messages by default. If not, + ability to create a log can be toggled on with + the <em>-tlog</em> switch. Note that this ability is + probably disabled in anonymous or validation accounts. + <dt><A NAME="asterisk-key"><em>*</em></A> + <dd>The '<em>*</em>' command toggles image_links mode on and off. + When on, links will be created for all images, including inline images. + If you have an image viewer mapped to the image's MIME type, you + can activate such links to view an inline image. You should + normally have this mode toggled off. + <dt><em>@</em> + <dd>The '<em>@</em>' command toggles raw 8-bit or CJK mode on and off. + When on, the charset is assumed to match the selected character + set and 8-bit characters are not reverse translated with respect + to the ISO-8859-1 conversion tables. + <dt><A NAME="lbracket-key"><em>[</em></A> + <dd>The '<em>[</em>' command toggles pseudo_inlines mode on and off. + When on, inline images which have no ALT string specified will + have an <em>[INLINE]</em> pseudo-ALT string inserted in the Lynx + display. When off, they will be treated as having ALT="" (i.e., + they'll be ignored). If image_links mode is toggled on, the + pseudo-ALT strings will be restored, to serve as links to the + inline images' sources. + <dt><em>]</em> + <dd>The '<em>]</em>' command is used to send HEAD requests for the + current document or link. It applies only to documents or links + (or form submit buttons) of http servers. A statusline message + will notify you if the context for this command was inappropriate. + The HEAD requests always are sent to the http server, i.e., Lynx + does not retrieve any previous server replies from its cache. + Note that for form submissions, http servers vary in whether + they'll treat HEAD requests as valid and return the CGI script's + headers, or treat it as invalid and return an error message. + <dt><em>^K</em> + <dd><em>Control-K</em> invokes the <a + href="keystrokes/cookie_help.html">Cookie Jar Page</a> + if it contains cookies. + <dt><em>^X</em> + <dd><em>Control-X</em> invokes the <a + href="#Cache">Cache Jar Page</a> + if it contains cached documents. + <dt><em>z</em> + <dd>Lynx supports completely interruptible I/O processes. Press the + '<em>z</em>' key at any time during a connect or transfer process + and the process will be halted. If any data was transferred + before the interrupt, it will be displayed. + <dt><em>numbers</em> + <dd>Lynx offers other, advanced navigation features when numbers + are used to invoke the + <a href="keystrokes/follow_help.html">Follow Link + (or goto link or page) number:</a> + or <a href="keystrokes/follow_help.html#select-option">Select + Pop-up Option Number:</a> prompts. + [<A HREF="#ToC-MiscKeys">ToC</A>] +</dl> + +<h2 ID="id-Forms"><A NAME="Forms"><em>Lynx and HTML Forms</em></a></h2> + +This section describes the Lynx Forms Interface. HTML gives document +providers the ability to create on-line forms which may be filled out +when the document is viewed. When a form is submitted the information +on the form can be used to search a database or complete a survey. + +<p>An HTML Form provides for the use of buttons to perform an action +(such as <em>submit</em>), checkboxes, radio buttons or popups to select +options from a list, and fields for entering text. +<dl> +<dt>Buttons: +<dd>Buttons are displayed in the same way that Lynx displays links in + a document. To "push" the button press the <em>right-arrow</em> or + <em>Return</em> key. If it is a form submission button, you also can + use the NOCACHE ('<em>x</em>') or DOWNLOAD ('<em>d</em>') keystroke + commands to "push" the button (see below). + +<dt>Checkboxes and Radio buttons +<dd>Checkboxes are displayed as square brackets: <em>[ ]</em> and radio + buttons are displayed as parenthesis: <em>( )</em>. When a box is + checked or a button selected, an <em>x</em> appears in the brackets: + <em>[x]</em> or an asterisk appears within the parenthesis: + <em>(*)</em>. To check a box or select a radio button press the + <em>right-arrow</em> or <em>Return</em> key. + +<dt>Selection Fields +<dd>Selection fields are displayed as brackets with the default option + displayed between them: <em>[default__]</em>. To select an option + press the <em>right-arrow</em> or <em>Return</em> key. A box with + a border of asterisks (or line-drawing characters) will pop up with + the list of possible options listed within the box. Use the + <em>up-arrow</em>, <em>down-arrow</em>, <em>page-up</em>, + <em>page-down</em>, and other navigation keys to move the cursor + among options, and the <em>right-arrow</em> or <em>Return</em> key to + select an option. You also can use the '<em>/</em>' and '<em>n</em>'ext + <a href="#Search">searching</a> commands for navigating to options which + contain particular strings. <em>NOTE</em> that the popup menu + feature can be disabled via compilation and/or configuration options, + or via the <a href="#InteractiveOptions">Options Menu</a>, + in which case the selection + field options will be converted to a list of radio buttons. The default + setting for use of popups or radio button lists can be toggled via the + <em>-popup</em> command line switch. + +<dt> Text Entry Fields +<dd>Text entry (INPUT) fields are displayed as a row of underscores the + length of the entry field: <em>_______</em>. You may enter text directly + by typing at the keyboard. Use the <a + href="keystrokes/edit_help.html">Line Editor</a> keys to + correct errors. If you try to input more text than the field can hold, + the line editor will not accept the additional characters. If you fill + a text field the cursor will not move off the field but remain at the + last field position. Use the <em>up-arrow</em>, and <em>down-arrow</em>, + <em>TAB</em> or <em>Return</em> keys to move up, or down from the text + entry field. NOTE, however, that <em>Return</em> also will <a + href="#submit">submit</a> the form if the text entry field is the + only non-hidden field in the form. + + If <A NAME="tna">"Textfields Need Activation"</A> mode is turned on + (with the <kbd>-tna</kbd> command-line option or in <A HREF="#lynx.cfg" + >lynx.cfg</A>), + then text entry fields do not become active immediately upon being + selected, as normally. Keystrokes have their normal command meaning + unless the Line Editor gets activated with <em>Return</em> or <em>Right + Arrow</em>. This mode can be used to avoid "getting stuck" in input + fields, especially by users who rarely fill out forms. + + <p><a name="CtrlVNote">NOTE:</a> If you have a text input field selected you will not + have access to most of the Lynx keystroke commands, because they are + interpreted by the <a href="keystrokes/edit_help.html" + >Line Editor</a> as either text entries or editing commands. Select a + button or box when you want to use Lynx keystrokes; or prefix your + keystroke with <em>^V</em> to temporarily escape from line editing. + <p> + Some flavors of UNIX, shells & terminal settings require + that you enter <em>^V^Ve</em> in order to start the external editor, + as they also use <em>^V</em> as default command-line quote key + (called `lnext' in stty man pages and `stty -a' output); + to avoid this, you can put `stty lnext undef' in your .cshrc + file (or .profile or .bashrc, depending on what shell you use), + or invoke Lynx with a wrapper script, e.g.<p> + + <code> + #!/bin/sh<br> + stty lnext undef<br> + $HOME/bin/lynx "$@"<br> + stty lnext ^V<br> + exit</code><p> + + NB when NOT in the Line Editor, <em>^V</em> is by default bound + to the command + to switch between SortaSGML and TagSoup HTML parsing + (i.e., SWITCH_DTD). + To avoid confusion, either of these separate functions could be changed + (mapped away) with a KEYMAP directive in <em>lynx.cfg</em>. For + example, + <p> + KEYMAP:^V:DO_NOTHING<br> + KEYMAP:#:SWITCH_DTD + <p> + would map SWITCH_DTD away from <em>^V</em> to <em>#</em>, while leaving + its default Line Editor function as a command escape in place. On the + other hand, + <p> + KEYMAP:^V::NOP:1<br> + KEYMAP:^_::LKCMD:1 + <p> + would move <em>^V</em>'s Line Editor binding as command escape to + <em>^_</em> for the first Line Edit style, letting <em>^V</em> still + act as SWITCH_DTD + outside of text input fields. + +<dt>TEXTAREA Fields +<dd>TEXTAREA fields are for most purposes handled as if they were a series of + text entry (INPUT) fields + for which successive lines imply a newline at the end of + the preceding line. You enter text on each line to construct the overall + message. Any blank lines at the bottom of the TEXTAREA field will be + eliminated from the submission. The <em>up-arrow</em>, and + <em>down-arrow</em> or <em>Return</em> keys move you to the preceding, + or next line of the overall message, as for INPUT fields. The + <em>TAB</em> key will move you down beyond the bottom of the TEXTAREA + field, and <em>Back Tab</em> (if available, e.g., as Shift-Tab, and + correctly mapped in the terminal description) will move backward to + a link or field before the TEXTAREA. + +<dt>Editing TEXTAREA Fields and Special TEXTAREA Functions +<dd>TEXTAREA fields can be edited using an external editor. + The statusline should tell you when this is possible and what + key to use, it might for example say + +<PRE> <strong + >(Textarea) Enter text. </strong>[ ..... ]<strong> (^Xe for editor).</strong></PRE> + + An external editor has to be defined, for example in the <a + href="#InteractiveOptions">Options Menu</a>, before you can start + using this function. + + <p>A key to invoke external TEXTAREA editing is normally provided + by the <a href="keystrokes/edit_help.html">Line-Editor Key</a> Bindings. + A KEYMAP directive in <em>lynx.cfg</em> can also be used to + make a different key invoke external editing; it will then normally + be necessary to prefix that key with <em>^V</em> to "escape" from + line-editing. Two variants exist,<br> + KEYMAP:e:EDITTEXTAREA<br> + or<br> + KEYMAP:e:DWIMEDIT<br> + (the first is only functional for TEXTAREA editing, while the second + allows to use the same key for normal <a href="#FileEdit">file + editing</a> <em>as long as both functions don't conflict</em>). + <p>Please see the <a href="#CtrlVNote">note above</a> for details + about <em>^V</em> behavior.</p> + + You can also use two other special TEXTAREA functions. Again, these + are already bound to key sequences in the <a + href="keystrokes/edit_help.html#TASpecial">Line-Editor + Bindings</a>, by default <em>^Xg</em> and <em>^Xi</em>. + You can use different keys + by adding KEYMAP bindings to your <em>lynx.cfg</em> file, e.g.<p> + + KEYMAP:$:GROWTEXTAREA<br> + KEYMAP:#:INSERTFILE<p> + + With these bindings, + (in a TEXTAREA only) <em>^V$</em> would add 5 lines to the TEXTAREA + and <em>^V#</em> would prompt for the name of an existing file + to be inserted into the TEXTAREA (above the cursorline). + An automatic variation of GROWTEXTAREA is normally compiled in, + so that hitting <em>Enter</em> with the cursor on the last line + adds a new line to the TEXTAREA, with the cursor on it.<p> + + If you have some single keys (or control keys) to spare that you + do not need for their normal purposes, you can dedicate those keys + to invoke the special functions (without requiring a prefix key). + For example, to use + the <em>^E</em> key for the DWIMEDIT action, and + the <em>Insert</em> key for the INSERTFILE action, + use<br> + KEYMAP:^E:DWIMEDIT:PASS<br> + KEYMAP:0x10C:INSERTFILE:PASS<br> + (see lynx.cfg for other keystroke codes to use). + + <p>Note that the default bindings that use <em>^X</em> as a prefix key + <em>may</em> also work by substituting the <kbd>Escape</kbd> key + for ^X. If your keyboard has a modifier (Meta) key that gets + transmitted as an ESC prefix, for example <kbd>Alt</kbd>, you can + then even use <em>Alt-e</em> instead of <em>^Xe</em>, <em>Alt-g</em> + instead of <em>^Xg</em>, and so on. But this does not work reliably + everywhere (it depends on the way Lynx is compiled, including which + libraries are used, and behavior of the connection and terminal type). +</dl> + +In general, you can move around the form using the standard Lynx navigation +keys. The <em>up-arrow</em> and <em>down-arrow</em> keys, respectively, +select the previous or next field, box, or button. The <em>TAB</em> key +selects the next field, box, or button. + +<p>To <A name="submit"><em>submit</em></a> the form press +<em>right-arrow</em> or <em>Return</em> when positioned on the form's +submit button. If you've submitted the form previously during the Lynx +session, have not changed any of the form content, and the METHOD was +<em>GET</em>, Lynx will retrieve from its cache what was returned from the +previous submission. If you wish to resubmit that form to the server with +the same content as previously, use the NOCACHE command ('<em>x</em>') when +positioned on the submit button. The <em>right-arrow</em> and <em>Return</em> +keys also will invoke a no-cache resubmission if the reply from a form +submission included a META element with a no-cache Pragma or Cache-Control +directive:<BR> +<pre> + <em><META HTTP-EQUIV="Pragma" CONTENT="no-cache"></em> + <em><META HTTP-EQUIV="Cache-Control" CONTENT="no-cache"></em> +</pre> +or the server sent a "Pragma" or "Cache-Control" MIME header with a +no-cache directive. + +<p>You also can use the DOWNLOAD ('<em>d</em>') keystroke command when +positioned on a form submit button if you wish to download the server's +reply to the submission instead of having Lynx render and display it. + +<p>Forms which have <em>POST</em> as the METHOD, or a <a +href="lynx_url_support.html#mailto_url">mailto:</a> URL as the ACTION, are always +resubmitted, even if the content has not changed, when you activate the +<em>submit</em> button. Lynx normally will not resubmit a form which has +<em>POST</em> as the METHOD if the document returned by the form has links +which you activated, and then you go back via the PREV_DOC +(<em>left-arrow</em>) command or via the <a +href="keystrokes/history_help.html">History Page</a>. Lynx can be +compiled so that it resubmits the form in those cases as well, and the default +can be changed via <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A>, and toggled via the +<em>-resubmit_posts</em> command line switch. + +<p>If the form has one <em>text entry</em> field and no other fields except, +possibly, hidden INPUT fields not included in the display, then that field +also serves as a <em>submit</em> button, and pressing <em>right-arrow</em> +or <em>Return</em> on that field will invoke submission of the form. Be +sure to use <em>up-arrow</em>, <em>down-arrow</em> or <em>TAB</em> to move +off the text entry field, in such cases, if it is not your intention to +submit the form (or to retrieve what was returned from an earlier submission +if the content was not changed and the METHOD was <em>GET</em>). + +<p>Forms can have multiple <em>submit</em> buttons, if they have been +assigned NAMEs in the markup. In such cases, information about which +one of the buttons was used to submit the form is included in the form +content. + +<p>Inlined images can be used as submit buttons in forms. If such +buttons are assigned NAMEs in the markup, for graphic clients they can +also serve as <a href="#USEMAP">image maps</a>, and the x,y coordinates of +the graphic client's cursor position in the image when it was +<em>clicked</em> are included in the form content. Since Lynx cannot +inline the image, and the user could not have moved a cursor from the +origin for the image, if no alternatives are made available in the +markup Lynx sends a 0,0 coordinate pair in the form content. Document +authors who use images as submit buttons, but have at least some concern +for text clients and sight-challenged Webizens, should include VALUEs for +the buttons in such markup. Lynx will then display the string assigned +to the VALUE, as it would for a normal submit button. Some document +authors incorrectly use an ALT instead of VALUE attribute for this purpose. +Lynx "cooperates" by treating ALT as a synonym for VALUE when present in +an INPUT tag with TYPE="image". If neither a VALUE nor an ALT attribute +is present, Lynx displays "[IMAGE]-Submit" as the string for such buttons. +If clickable images is set, the "[IMAGE]" portion of the string is a link +for the image, and the "Submit" portion is the button for submitting the +form. Otherwise, the entire string is treated as a submit button. If +a VALUE or ALT attribute is present and clickable images is set, Lynx +prepends "[IMAGE]" as a link for the image, followed by '-' and then +the attribute's value as the displayed string for the submit button. +Note that earlier versions of Lynx would send a name=value pair instead of +a 0,0 coordinate pair if a TYPE="image" submit button was NAME-ed, had a +VALUE attribute in the INPUT tag, and was used to submit the form. The +script which analyzes the form content thus could be made aware whether +the submission was by a user with a graphic client and had image loading +turned on, or by a user who did not see the image nor make a conscious +choice within it. However, requests that this be included in HTML +specifications consistently have fallen on deaf ears, and thus Lynx now +"fakes" a 0,0 coordinate pair whether or not a VALUE or ALT attribute is +present in the INPUT tag. Ideally, the script which analyzes the submitted +content will treat the 0,0 coordinate pair as an indicator that the user +did not see the image and make a conscious choice within it. + +<p>Forms can have <em>hidden</em> INPUT fields, which are not displayed, +but have NAMEs and VALUEs included in the content. These often are used +to keep track of information across a series of related form submissions, +but have the potential for including information about the user that might +be considered to represent an invasion of privacy. NOTE, in this regard, +that Lynx has implemented the <a +href="http://www.w3.org/Markup/html3/">HTML 3.0</a> +<em>DISABLED</em> attribute for <em>all</em> of its form fields. These +can be used to keep track of information across submissions, and to cast +it unmodifiable in the current form, but keep the user aware that it will +be included in the submission. + +<p>Forms most commonly are submitted to http servers with the content encoded +as <em>ENCTYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"</em> for analysis by a +script, and Lynx treats that as the default if no ENCTYPE is specified in the +FORM start tag. However, you can specify a <a +href="lynx_url_support.html#mailto_url">mailto</a> URL as the form's ACTION to +have the form content sent, instead, to an email address. In such cases, you +may wish to specify <em>ENCTYPE="text/plain"</em> in the form markup, so that +the content will not be encoded, but remain readable as plain text. + +<p>Lynx also supports <em>ENCTYPE="application/sgml-form-urlencoded"</em> +for which all reserved characters in the content will be hex escaped, as +with <em>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</em>, but semicolons +('<em>;</em>') instead of ampersands ('<em>&</em>') will be used as +the separator for name=value pairs in the form content. The use of +semicolons is preferred for forms with the <em>GET</em> METHOD, because +the <em>GET</em> METHOD causes the encoded form content to be appended +as a <em>?searchpart</em> for the form's ACTION, and if such URLs are used +in <em>text/html</em> documents or bookmark files without conversion +of the ampersands to SGML character references (<em>&amp;</em> or +<em>&#38;</em>), their being followed by form field NAMEs which might +correspond to SGML entities could lead to corruption of the intended URL. + +<p>NOTE, in this regard, that Lynx converts ampersands to <em>&amp;</em> +when creating bookmarks, and thus the bookmark links will not be vulnerable +to such corruptions. Also NOTE that Lynx allows you to save links in your +bookmark file for documents returned by forms with the <em>GET</em> METHOD, +and which thus have the content appended as a <em>?searchpart</em>, but not +if the METHOD was <em>POST</em>, because the content would be lost and the +link thus would be invalid. + +<p>Lynx supports <em>ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data"</em> for sending form +content with name=value pairs encoded as multipart sections with individual +MIME headers and boundaries. However, Lynx does not yet support INPUTs +with <em>TYPE="file"</em> or <em>TYPE="range"</em> and +will set the <em>DISABLED</em> attribute for all of the form's fields if +any INPUTs with either of those two TYPEs are present, so that the form +can't be submitted. Otherwise, Lynx will submit the form with the multipart +ENCTYPE. + +<p>A <em>Content-Disposition: file; filename=name.suffix</em> +header can be used by CGI scripts to set the suggested filename offered +by Lynx for '<em>d</em>'ownload and '<em>p</em>'rint menu options to save +or mail the body returned by the script following submission of a FORM. +Otherwise, Lynx uses the last symbolic element in the path for the FORM's +ACTION, which is normally the script, itself, or a PATH_INFO field, and +thus might be misleading. This also can be done via a META element in +any document: +<pre> + <em><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Disposition" + CONTENT="file; filename=name.suffix"></em> +</pre> +[<A HREF="#ToC-Forms">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Images"><A NAME="Images"><em>Lynx and HTML Images</em></a></h2> + +As a text browser, Lynx does not display images as such +-- you need to define a viewer in <em>lynx.cfg</em>: see there -- , +but users can choose a number of ways of showing their presence. +<p> +There are 3 choices in <em>lynx.cfg</em>, with 2 corresponding keys: +<pre> + MAKE_LINKS_FOR_ALL_IMAGES * IMAGE_TOGGLE + MAKE_PSEUDO_ALTS_FOR_INLINES [ INLINE_TOGGLE + VERBOSE_IMAGES no corresponding key +</pre><p> +You can also use the <em>Options Menu</em>, as outlined below: +<pre> + key lynx.cfg FM KM .lynxrc variable in source + + * MAKE_LINKS_ Y N N clickable_images + [ MAKE_PSEUDO_ Y N N pseudo_inline_alts + VERBOSE_ Y Y Y verbose_img + +FM = Form-based Menu ; KM = Key-based Menu ; +in .lynxrc , VERBOSE_IMAGES is called `verbose_images': +the other two cannot be saved between sessions. +</pre><p> +In the Form-based Menu, the 3-way `Show images' selection +combines the effects of the `*' & `[' keys, as follows: +<pre> + Ignore clickable_images = FALSE, pseudo_inline_alts = FALSE + As labels clickable_images = FALSE, pseudo_inline_alts = TRUE + As links clickable_images = TRUE, pseudo_inline_alts = unchanged +</pre> + +<h2 ID="id-Tables"><A NAME="Tables"><em>Lynx and HTML Tables</em></a></h2> + +HTML includes markup for creating <em>tables</em> structured as arrays of +cells aligned by columns and rows on the displayed page. + +<p>Lynx recognizes the TABLE element and all of its associated elements +as described in <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1942.html">RFC 1942</a> +and will process any ID attributes in the start tags for handling as NAME-ed +anchors, but does not create actual <em>tables</em>. Instead, it treats +the TR start tag as a collapsible BR (line break), and inserts a collapsible +space before the content of each TH and TD start tag. This generally makes +all of the content of the <em>table</em> readable, preserves most of the +intra-cell organization, and makes all of the links in the <em>table</em> +accessible, but any information critically dependent on the column and row +alignments intended for the <em>table</em> will be missed. + +<p>If inherently tabular data must be presented with Lynx, one can use PRE +formatted content, or, if the <em>table</em> includes markup not allowed +for PRE content, construct the <em>table</em> using <a +href="#Tabs">HTML Tabs</a>. An example <em>table</em> using <em>TAB</em> +elements is included in the test subdirectory of the Lynx distribution. + +<DIV ID="TRST"> +<p>Starting with version 2.8.3, Lynx renders some tables in tabular +form. This tabular representation for <em>simple</em> tables +(<dfn>TRST</dfn>) does not attempt to implement full support for any table +model. Limitations are: +<ul> + <li>All data constituting a table row generally has to fit within the + display width without inserting line breaks. + <li>Cell contents have to be simple. In general, only inline markup is + acceptable, no <code><P></code>, <code><BR></code> etc. + (although <code><BR></code> may + be ignored at the beginning of the first cell or at the end of the + last cell of a row). + <li>When tables are nested, only the innermost level is a candidate + for tabular representation. + <li>Most attributes are ignored, including borders, <code>WIDTH</code>, + vertical alignment. +</ul> +Horizontal alignments (<code>LEFT</code>, <code>CENTER</code>, +<code>RIGHT</code>), <code>COLSPAN</code>, and <code>ROWSPAN</code> are +interpreted according to HTML 4.01. (<code>ROWSPAN</code> can only reserve +empty space in subsequent rows, because of the limitations above.) When +TRST fails because a table is not "simple" enough, the representation falls +back to the minimal handling described earlier. +Many (but, unfortunately, by no means all) tables that represent inherently +tabular material will thus be shown with correct tabular formatting. +Where table markup is used only for layout purposes (containing whole blocks +of text and list within table cells) and not essential for understanding +the textual contents, it remains basically ignored. Some more information +on details is available in the file <kbd>README.TRST</kbd> of the source +distribution. +</DIV> + +<p>For tabular display of more complex tables, Lynx users can make use of +external scripts or programs. The normal Lynx distribution currently does +not provide such scripts, but they can be written locally or downloaded +from several sources. It is suggested to use one of Lynx's facilities for +invoking external programs (see <kbd>DOWNLOADER</kbd>, <kbd>PRINTER</kbd>, +<kbd>EXTERNAL</kbd>, <kbd>TRUSTED_LYNXCGI</kbd> in <A +HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> and <A HREF="lynx_url_support.html#cgi_url"><code +>lynxcgi:</code></A> in <em>Supported URLs</em> for information on various +ways for setting this up). + +[<A HREF="#ToC-Tables">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Tabs"><A NAME="Tabs"><em>Lynx and HTML Tabs</em></a></h2> + +Lynx implements the <a +href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/Contents.html">HTML 3.0</a> +TAB element only when LEFT alignment is in effect. If the alignment is +CENTER or RIGHT (JUSTIFY is not yet implemented in Lynx, and is treated +as a synonym for LEFT), or if the TAB element indicates a position to the +left of the current position on the screen, it is treated as a collapsible +space. For purposes of implementing TAB, Lynx treats <em>en</em> units as +half a character cell width when specified by the INDENT attribute, and +rounds up for odd values (e.g., a value of either 5 or 6 will be treated +as three spaces, each the width of a character cell). See the example +<em>table</em> using TAB elements in the test subdirectory of the Lynx +distribution as a model for using this functionality. + +<p>Note that this <em>Users Guide</em> and the <a +href="lynx_url_support.html">Supported URLs</a> page include TAB markup in +a manner which <em>degrades gracefully</em> for WWW browsers which do not +support it. Toggle to display of <a href="#LocalSource">source</a> and <a +href="#Search">search</a> for <em><tab</em> to examine the use of TAB markup +in these documents. [<A HREF="#ToC-Tabs">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Frames"><A NAME="Frames"><em>Lynx and HTML Frames</em></a></h2> + +Some implementations of HTML include markup, primarily designed for graphic +clients, that is intended to create an array of simultaneously displayed, +independently scrolling windows. Such windows have been termed +<em>frames</em>. + +<p>Lynx recognizes the Netscape and Microsoft Explorer FRAME, FRAMESET, +and NOFRAMES elements, but is not capable of windowing to create the +intended positioning of <em>frames</em>. Instead, Lynx creates labeled +links to the <em>frame</em> sources, typically positioned in the upper +left corner of the display, and renders the NOFRAMES section. If the +document provider has disregard for text clients and sight-challenged +Webizens, and thus does not include substantive content in the NOFRAMES +section or a link in it to a document suitable for text clients, you +can usually guess from the labeling of the <em>frame</em> links which +one has the substantive material (if there is any), or you can try each +of those links to see if anything worthwhile is returned. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Frames">ToC</A>] + +<p>Some sites -- in ignorance of Lynx capabilities -- may tell you +(for example) "to view this page you need Netscape Navigator". +You can simply ignore such warnings and access the frames +via the Lynx-generated links as above. + +<h2 ID="id-Banners"><A NAME="Banners"><em>Lynx and HTML Banners</em></a></h2> + +Some implementations of HTML markup include provisions for creating a +non-scrolling window to be positioned at the top of each page, containing +links with brief, descriptive link names, analogous to a Windows toolbar. +Such windows have been termed <em>banners</em>. + +<p>Lynx recognizes and processes all of the <a +href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/Contents.html">HTML 3.0</a> +REL attribute tokens in LINK elements for creating a <em>banner</em>, and +a number of others which have subsequently been proposed. These +<em>banner</em> tokens are <em>Home</em>, <em>ToC</em>, <em>Contents</em>, +<em>Index</em>, <em>Glossary</em>, <em>Copyright</em>, <em>Up</em>, +<em>Next</em>, <em>Previous</em>, <em>Prev</em>, <em>Help</em>, +<em>Search</em>, <em>Top</em>, <em>Origin</em>, <em>Navigator</em>, +<em>Child</em>, <em>Disclaimer</em>, <em>Sibling</em>, <em>Parent</em>, +<em>Author</em>, <em>Editor</em>, <em>Publisher</em>, <em>Trademark</em>, +<em>Meta</em>, <em>URC</em>, <em>Hotlist</em>, <em>Begin</em>, +<em>First</em>, <em>End</em>, <em>Last</em>, <em>Pointer</em>, +<em>Translation</em>, <em>Definition</em>, <em>Chapter</em>, +<em>Section</em>, <em>Subsection</em>, <em>Alternate</em>, +<em>Documentation</em>, <em>Biblioentry</em>, <em>Bibliography</em>, +<em>Start</em>, <em>Appendix</em>, +<em>Bookmark</em> and <em>Banner</em>. Any LINK elements with those +tokens as the REL attribute value, and an HREF attribute value in the LINK, +will invoke creation of a <em>banner</em> at the top of the first page, +with the element's HREF as the link, and the token as the default link +name. If a TITLE attribute is included in the LINK, it's value will be +used as the link name instead of the default. <em>Bookmark</em> and +<em>Banner</em> are intended to be accompanied by a TITLE attribute, +which in effect makes the namespace for REL <em>banner</em> tokens +infinite. + +<p>If the special token <em>Help</em> is used as the REL value and no HREF +is included in the LINK, Lynx will use it own <em>HELPFILE</em> URL for that +link. For the special token <em>Home</em> without an HREF, Lynx will use +the default <em>STARTFILE</em> (i.e., derived from the configuration files +or the WWW_HOME environment variable, <em>not</em> the command line +<em>startfile</em> if one was used). However, if a <em>-homepage=URL</em> +was specified on the command line, it's URL will be used as the HREF. +For the special token <em>Index</em> without an HREF, Lynx will use the +<em>DEFAULT_INDEX_FILE</em> derived from the configuration files, or if an +<em>-index=URL</em> was specified on the command line, it's URL will be used +as the HREF. + +<p>Lynx does not waste screen real estate maintaining the <em>banner</em> at +the top of every page, but the Lynx TOOLBAR keystroke command ('<em>#</em>') +will, any time it is pressed, position you on the <em>banner</em> so that +any of its links can be activated, and pressing the <em>left-arrow</em> when +in the <em>banner</em> will return you to where you were in the current +document. The toolbar is indicated by a '<em>#</em>" preceding its first +link when present on the screen, that is, when the first page of the +document is being displayed. The availability of a toolbar is indicated by +a '<em>#</em>' at the top, left-hand corner of the screen when the second +or subsequent pages of the document are being displayed. + +<p>Lynx also recognizes the <a +href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/Contents.html">HTML 3.0</a> +BANNER container element, and will create a <em>banner</em> based on its +content if one has not already been created based on LINK elements. Lynx +treats the Microsoft MARQUEE element as a synonym for BANNER (i.e., +presenting it's markup as a static <em>banner</em>, without any horizontal +scrolling of its content). Lynx does not prefix the BANNER or MARQUEE +content with a '<em>#</em>' because the content need not be only a series +of links with brief, descriptive links names, but does add a '<em>#</em>' +at the top, left-hand corner of the screen when the content is not being +displayed, to indicate it's accessibility via the TOOLBAR keystroke command. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Banners">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Footnotes"><A NAME="Footnotes"><em>Lynx and HTML Footnotes</em></a></h2> + +Lynx implements the <a +href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/Contents.html">HTML 3.0</a> +FN element similarly to a named <em>A</em>nchor within the current document, +and assumes that the footnotes will be positioned at the bottom of the +document. However, in contrast to named <em>A</em>nchors, the FN container +element is treated as a block (i.e., as if a new paragraph were indicated +whether or not that is indicated in its content) with greater than normal +left and right margins, and the block will begin with a <em>FOOTNOTE:</em> +label. For example, if the document contains: +<pre> + See the <em><A HREF="#fn1"></em><a href="#an1">footnote</a><em></A></em>. +</pre> +activating that link will take you to the labeled rendering of: +<pre> + <em><FN ID="fn1"></em><p><a name="an1">Lynx does not use popups for FN blocks.</a></p><em></FN></em> +</pre> + +<p>i.e., position it at the top of the page. Then, upon reading the footnote, +you can return to your previous position in the document by pressing the +<em>left-arrow</em> key. The content of an FN element can be any HTML +markup that is valid in the BODY of the document. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Footnotes">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Notes"><A NAME="Notes"><em>Lynx and HTML Notes</em></a></h2> + +Lynx implements the <a +href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/Contents.html">HTML 3.0</a> +NOTE element (<em>Admonishment</em>) as a labeled block, i.e., as if a new +paragraph were indicated whether or not paragraphing markup is included +in its content, with greater than normal left and right margins, and with +the type of note indicated by an emphasized label based on the value of its +CLASS or ROLE attribute. If no CLASS or ROLE attribute is included, the +default label <em>NOTE:</em> will be used. Lynx recognizes the values +<em>caution</em> and <em>warning</em>, for which, respectively, the labels +<em>CAUTION:</em> or <em>WARNING:</em> will be used. The NOTE element can +have an ID attribute, which will be treated as a named <em>A</em>nchor, as +for <a href="#Footnotes">HTML Footnotes</a>, +but the NOTE block need not be placed +at the bottom of the document. The content of a NOTE block can be any HTML +markup that is valid in the BODY of the document. This is an example:<BR> +<pre> + <em><NOTE CLASS="warning" ID="too-bad"> + <p>The W3C vendors did not retain NOTE in the HTML 3.2 draft.</p> + </NOTE></em> +</pre> +It will <em>degrade gracefully</em> for WWW browsers which do not support +NOTE, except for recognition of the ID attribute as a named <em>A</em>nchor. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Notes">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Lists"><A NAME="Lists"><em>Lynx and HTML Lists</em></a></h2> + +Lynx implements the <a +href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/Contents.html">HTML 3.0</a> +list elements UL (<em>Unordered List</em>), OL (<em>Ordered List</em>), +and DL (<em>Definition List</em>), and their associated attributes, and +elements (LH, LI, DT, and DD) for the most part as described in that +specification. The lists can be nested, yielding progressively greater +indentation, up to six levels. The <a +href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-spec/html-spec_toc.html" +>HTML 2.0</a> MENU and DIR elements <em>both</em> are treated as synonyms +for UL with the PLAIN attribute (no <em>bullets</em>, see below). Note, +thus, that neither DIR nor MENU yields a series of columns with 24-character +spacing. A single nesting index is maintained, so that different types of +List elements can be used for different levels within the nest. Also, the +<a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/Contents.html">HTML 3.0</a> +FIG, CAPTION and CREDIT elements are treated as valid within list blocks. +They will be rendered with indentation appropriate for the current nesting +depth, and the CAPTION or CREDIT elements will have a <em>CAPTION:</em> or +<em>CREDIT:</em> label beginning the first line of their content. The +content of any APPLET or OBJECT elements in the lists also will be indented +appropriately for the current nesting depth, but those will not invoke line +breaks unless indicated by their content, and it should not include markup +which is inappropriate within the list. + +<p>Lynx also supports the TYPE attribute for OL elements, which can have +values of <em>1</em> for Arabic numbers, <em>I</em> or <em>i</em> for +uppercase or lowercase Roman numerals, or <em>A</em> or <em>a</em> for +uppercase or lowercase letters, that increment for successive LI elements +in the list block. The CONTINUE attribute can be used to continue the +ordering from the preceding list block when the nesting depth is changed. + +<p>Lynx treats the OL attributes START and SEQNUM as synonyms for specifying +the ordering value for the first LI element in the block. The values should +be specified as Arabic numbers, but will be displayed as Arabic, Roman, or +alphabetical depending on the TYPE for the block. The values can range from +<em>-29997</em> to the system's maximum positive integer for Arabic numbers. +For Roman numerals, they can range from <em>1</em> (<em>I</em> or <em>i</em>) +to <em>3000</em> (<em>MMM</em> or <em>mmm.</em>). For alphabetical orders, +the values can range from <em>1</em> (<em>A</em> or <em>a</em>) to +<em>18278</em> (<em>ZZZ</em> or <em>zzz</em>). If the CONTINUE attribute is +used, you do not need to specify a START or SEQNUM attribute to extend the +ordering from a previous block, and you can include a TYPE attribute to +change among Arabic, Roman, or alphabetical ordering styles, or their casing, +without disrupting the sequence. If you do not include a START, SEQNUM or +CONTINUE attribute, the first LI element of each OL block will default to +<em>1</em>, and if you do not include a TYPE attribute, Lynx defaults to +Arabic numbers. + +<p>For UL blocks without the PLAIN attribute, Lynx uses <em>*</em>, +<em>+</em>, <em>o</em>, <em>#</em>, <em>@</em> and <em>-</em> as +<em>bullets</em> to indicate, progressively, the depth within the six +nesting levels. + +<p>Lynx treats UL, OL, DIR, and MENU blocks as having the COMPACT attribute +by default, i.e., single spaces between LH and LI elements within those +blocks. For DL blocks, double spacing will be used to separate the DT and +DD elements unless the COMPACT attribute has been specified. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Lists">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Quotes"><A NAME="Quotes"><em>Lynx and HTML Quotes</em></a></h2> + +The <a +href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/Contents.html">HTML 3.0</a> and +later specifications provide for two classes of quotation in HTML documents. +Block quotes, designated by the BLOCKQUOTE element (or it's abbreviated +synonym BQ in HTML 3.0), have implied paragraph breaks preceding and following +the start and end tags for the block. Character level quotes, designated by +the Q element, in contrast are simply directives in the markup to insert an +appropriate quotation mark. + +<p>Lynx renders block quotes with a greater than normal left and right +indentation. Lynx does not support italics, and normally substitutes +underlining, but does not underline block quotes so as not to obscure any +explicit emphasis elements within the quotation. The BLOCKQUOTE or BQ +block can include a CREDIT container element, whose content will be rendered +as an implied new paragraph with a <em>CREDIT:</em> label at the beginning of +its first line. + +<p>Lynx respects nested Q start and end tags, and will use ASCII double-quotes +(<em>"</em>) versus grave accent (<em>`</em>) and apostrophe +(<em>'</em>), respectively, for even versus odd depths in the nest. + +<p>Any ID attributes in BLOCKQUOTE, BQ or Q elements can be the target +of a hyperlink in the form URL#id. It is treated just +like the NAME in <em>A</em>nchors. [<A HREF="#ToC-Quotes">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Eightbit"><A NAME="Eightbit"><em>Lynx and HTML Internationalization: 8bit, UNICODE, etc.</em></a></h2> + +Lynx has superior support for HTML 4.0/I18N internationalization issues. +However, to see the characters other than 7bit properly you <em>should</em> +set your <A HREF="keystrokes/option_help.html#DC">display character set</A> +from Option Menu and save its value, this is a Frequently Asked Question. +Fine-turning is also available from <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> +[<A HREF="#ToC-Eightbit">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-USEMAP"><A NAME="USEMAP"><em>Lynx and Client-Side-Image-Maps</em></a></h2> + +HTML includes markup, designed primarily for graphic clients, that treats +inlined images as maps, such that areas of the image within which a mouse +cursor was positioned when the mouse was <em>clicked</em> can correspond +to URLs which should be retrieved. The original implementations +were based on the client sending an http server the x,y coordinates +associated with the <em>click</em>, for handling by a script invoked by +the server, and have been termed <em>server-side-image-maps</em>. Lynx +has no rational way of coping with such a procedure, and thus simply +sends a 0,0 coordinate pair, which some server scripts treat as an +instruction to return a document suitable for a text client. + +<p>Newer HTML markup provides bases for the client to determine the +URLs associated with areas in the image map, and/or for a text client +to process alternative markup and allow the user to make choices based +on textual information. These have been termed +<em>client-side-image-maps</em>. + +<p>Lynx recognizes and processes the MAP container element and its AREA +elements, and will create a menu of links for the HREF of each AREA when +the link created for the IMG element with a USEMAP attribute is activated. +The menu uses the ALT attributes of the AREA elements as the link names, +or, if the document's author has disregard for text clients and +sight-challenged Webizens, and thus did not include ALT attributes, Lynx +uses the resolved URLs pointed to by the HREF attributes as the link names. +Lynx uses the TITLE attribute of the IMG element, or the TITLE attribute of +the MAP, if either was present in the markup, as the title and main header +of the menu. Otherwise, it uses the ALT attribute of the IMG element. If +neither TITLE nor ALT attributes were present in the markup, Lynx creates +and uses a <em>[USEMAP]</em> pseudo-ALT. The MAPs need not be in the same +document as the IMG elements. If not in the same document, Lynx will fetch +the document which contains the referenced MAP, and locate it based on +its NAME or ID attribute. All MAPs encountered in documents during a +Lynx session are cached, so that they need not be retrieved repeatedly +when referenced in different documents. + +<p>If the IMG element also indicates a <em>server-side-image-map</em> +via an ISMAP attribute, Lynx normally will create a link for that as well, +using an <em>[ISMAP]</em> pseudo-ALT (followed by a hyphen to indicate its +association with the <em>client-side-image-map</em>) rather than ignoring +it, and will submit a 0,0 coordinate pair if that link is activated. +Although, the <em>client-side-image-map</em> may be more useful for a +client such as Lynx, because all of the URLs associated with the image +map can be accessed, and their nature indicated via ALT attributes, +Lynx-friendly sites can map 0,0 such that the server returns a +for-text-client document homologous to the content of FIG elements (see +below). Inclusion of such a link for submissions to the server can be +disabled by default via the configuration file +(<A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A>), and the +default can be toggled via the <em>-ismap</em> command line switch. + +<p>Lynx also recognizes the <a +href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html3/Contents.html">HTML 3.0</a> +FIG and OVERLAY elements, and will handle them as intended for text clients. +These are the ideal way to handle <em>client-side-image-maps</em>, because +the FIG content provides complete alternative markup, rather than relying +on the client to construct a relatively meager list of links with link +names based on ALT strings. + +<p>The presently experimental OBJECT element encompasses much of the +functionality of the FIG element for <em>client-side-image-maps</em>. +Lynx will render and display the content of OBJECT elements which have +the SHAPES attribute equivalently to its handling of FIG. Lynx also +handles OBJECT elements with the USEMAP and/or ISMAP attributes +equivalently to its handling of IMG elements with +<em>client-side-image-maps</em> and/or <em>server-side-image-maps</em>. +[<A HREF="#ToC-USEMAP">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Refresh"><A NAME="Refresh"><em>Lynx and Client-Side-Pull</em></a></h2> + +HTML includes provision for passing instructions to clients via directives +in META elements, and one such instruction, via the token <em>Refresh</em>, +should invoke reloading of the document, fetched from a server with the +same URL or a new URL, at a specified number of seconds following receipt +of the current document. This procedure has been termed +<em>client-side-pull</em>. An example of such an element is: +<pre> + <em><META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="3; URL=http://host/path"></em> +</pre> +which instructs a client to fetch the indicated URL in 3 seconds after +receiving the current document. If the <em>URL=</em> field is omitted, +the URL defaults to that of the current document. A <em>no-cache</em> +directive is implied when the <em>Refresh</em> if for the same URL. + +<p>Lynx recognizes and processes <em>Refresh</em> directives in META +elements, but puts up a labeled link, typically in the upper left corner +of the display, indicating the number of seconds intended before a +refresh, and the URL for the refresh, instead of making the request +automatically after the indicated number of seconds. This allows +people using a braille interface any amount of time to examine the +current document before activating the link for the next URL. In +general, if the number of seconds indicated is short, the timing +is not critical and you can activate the link whenever you like. +If it is long (e.g., 60 seconds), a server process may be generating +new documents or images at that interval, and you would be wasting +bandwidth by activating the link at a shorter interval. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Refresh">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Cookies"><A NAME="Cookies"><em>Lynx State Management</em></A> +(Me want <em>cookie</em>!)</h2> + +HTTP provides a means to carry state information across successive +connections between a browser and an http server. Normally, http servers +respond to each browser request without relating that request to previous +or subsequent requests. Though the inclusion of INPUT fields with +TYPE="hidden" can be used as a sort of state management by <a href="#Forms" +>HTML Forms</a>, a more general approach involves exchanges of MIME +headers between the server and browser. When replying to a request, +the server can send a <em>Set-Cookie</em> MIME header which contains +information (<em>cookies</em>) relevant to the browser's request, and in +subsequent requests the browser can send a <em>Cookie</em> MIME header +with information derived from previously received cookies. + +<p>State Management via cookie exchanges originally was implemented by +Netscape, and such cookies are now designated as <em>Version 0</em>. A +more elaborate format for cookies, designated as <em>Version 1</em>, is +being standardized by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Lynx +supports both <em>Version 0</em> and <em>Version 1</em> cookie exchanges. +This support can be disabled by default via the SET_COOKIES symbol in the +compilation (<em>userdefs.h</em>) and/or run time +(<A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A>) +configuration files, and that default setting can be toggled via the +<em>-cookies</em> command line switch. +The SET_COOKIES symbol can be further modified by the ACCEPT_ALL_COOKIES mode. +If ACCEPT_ALL_COOKIES is set TRUE, and SET_COOKIES is TRUE, Lynx will accept +all cookies. Additionally, the cookies that are automatically accepted or +rejected by Lynx can be further modified with the COOKIE_ACCEPT_DOMAINS and +COOKIE_REJECT_DOMAINS options in your .lynxrc file, each of which is a +comma-separated list of domains to perform the desired action. The domain +listed in these options must be identical to the domain the cookie comes +from, there is no wildcard matching. If a domain is specific in both +COOKIE_ACCEPT_DOMAINS and COOKIE_REJECT_DOMAINS, rejection will take +precedence. + +<p>When cookie support is enabled, <em>Set-Cookie</em> MIME headers +received from an http server invoke confirmation prompts with possible +replies of '<em>Y</em>'es or '<em>N</em>'o for acceptance of the cookie, +'<em>A</em>'lways to accept the cookie and to allow all subsequent +cookies from that <em>domain</em> (server's Fully Qualified Domain Name, +or site-identifying portion of the FQDN) without further confirmation +prompts, or ne'<em>V</em>'er to never allow cookies from that +<em>domain</em> to be accepted (silently ignore its <em>Set-Cookie</em> +MIME headers). All unexpired cookies are held in a hypothetical +<em>Cookie Jar</em> which can be examined via the COOKIE_JAR keystroke +command, normally mapped to <em>Ctrl-K</em>, for invoking the <a +href="keystrokes/cookie_help.html">Cookie Jar Page</a>. If Lynx has been +compiled with the --enable-persistent-cookies flag, then unexpired cookies +will be stored between sessions in the filename set with the COOKIE_FILE +option in your .lynxrc. + +<p>A common use of cookies by http servers is simply to track the +documents visited by individual users. Though this can be useful to the +site's WebMaster for evaluating and improving the organization of links +in the various documents of the site, if the user has configured Lynx +to include a <em>From</em> MIME header with the user's email address in +http requests, or has passed personal information to the server via a +form submission, the tracking might be used to draw inferences, possibly +incorrect, about that user, and may be considered by some as an invasion +of privacy. + +<p>An example of worthwhile State Management via cookies is the setting +of personal preferences, typically via a form submission to the site, +which will then apply to all documents visited at that site. + +<p>If you accept cookies when accessing a site, but are given no indication +about how they will be used in subsequent requests to that site, nor can +infer how they will be used, you can <em>Gobble</em> (delete) the cookies +and/or change the 'allow' setting for its <em>domain</em> via the <a +href="keystrokes/cookie_help.html">Cookie Jar Page</a>. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Cookies">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Cache"><A NAME="Cache"><em>Cached Documents</em></A></h2> + +A list of documents which are in lynx's internal cache is accessible through +hypothetical <em>Cache Jar</em> which can be examined via the CACHE_JAR +keystroke command, normally mapped to <em>Ctrl-X</em>. + +<p>Entries in the <em>Cache Jar</em> are ordered +from oldest (at the top) to newest. +The user can easily access any document which is in the cache, +especially those which may be soon removed due to +configurable limits on the maximum number of cached documents, +as well as the maxmimum amount of memory used by the cache. + +<p>The structure of <em>Cache Jar</em> is simple: +<ul> +<li>Each entry starts with its ordinal number (within the session), +recently added documents in cache have a smaller number than documents +which are added before, and are positioned at the end of <em>Cache Jar</em> + +<li>Following its ordinal number is the document title, which is also a link. +On activating this link, +the user is prompted if they want to delete the document +from <em>Cache Jar</em>. +The document's address (also a link) follows the title. +It is distinguished by a <code>URL:</code> label preceding the link. +Activating this link, lynx displays the corresponding cached document. + +<li>Below each cached document URL lynx shows +the document properties which include: +<ul> +<li>Lines, +<li>Size, +<li>File-Cache, +<li>Content-Type, +<li>Content-Language, +<li>Content-Encoding, +<li>Content-Location, +<li>Subject, +<li>Owner, +<li>Date, +<li>Expires, +<li>Last-Modified, +<li>ETag, +<li>Server, and +<li>Source-Cache-File. +</ul> +</ul> + +<p>This feature can be enabled by default using the USE_CACHEJAR symbol in the +compilation (<code>userdefs.h</code>), +as well as enabled in lynx.cfg +[<A HREF="#ToC-Cache">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Sessions"><A NAME="Sessions"><em>Sessions</em></A></h2> + +Lynx's current state (all information about the user's +current activity with lynx) is called a session. +Sessions are useful in particular if you are in the middle +of exploring something on the web and you were forced to stop abruptly, +losing any trace of your current work. + +<p>A session can be automatically restored as lynx starts after a clean exit. +The session data is saved if lynx is invoked with +the <em>-session=FILENAME</em> switch. +The <em>FILENAME</em> is the name of the file where the session will be stored. + +<p>There are also switches for only restoring: +<em>-sessionin=FILENAME</em> +and for only saving: +<em>-sessionout=FILENAME</em> sesions: + +<p>If you do not want to specify these options at each lynx startup, +there is an option in <em>lynx.cfg</em> to enable automatic +saving/restoring of session. +To keep lynx startup/exit reasonable fast there is +also an option in <em>lynx.cfg</em> specifying +how much information about the current lynx session will be stored in file. + +<p>The syntax of the session file is simple. +You can use a text editor to modify, add +new entries, or remove URLs you no longer want. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Sessions">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Invoking"><A NAME="Invoking"><em>The Lynx command line</em></A></h2> + +A summary of the Lynx command line options (switches) is returned to +stdout if Lynx is invoked with the <em>-help</em> switch. A description +of the options also should be available via the system man (Unix) pages +or help (VMS) libraries. On Win32, typing lynx -help in a DOS window +should display similarly. +The basic syntax of the Lynx command line can +be represented as one of the following: + +<dl> + <dt><code>Command</code> + <dd><code>lynx [options]</code> + <dd><code>lynx [options] startfile</code> +</dl> + +where + +<dl> + <dt><code>startfile</code> + <dd>is the file or URL that Lynx will load at start-up. + <ul> + <li>If startfile is not specified, Lynx will use a default + starting file and base directory determined during + installation. + <li>If a specified file is local (i.e., not a URL) Lynx + displays that file and uses the directory in which that + file resides as the base directory. + <li>If a URL is specified, the file will be retrieved, + and only the server base directory will be relevant + to further accesses. + <li>If more than one local file or remote URL is listed on the + command line, Lynx will open only the last interactively. All + of the names (local files and remote URLs) are added to the + G)oto history. + </ul> + <dt><code>options</code> + <dd>Lynx uses only long option names. Option names can begin with + double dash as well, underscores and dashes can be intermixed in + option names (in the reference below options are with one dash + before them and with underscores). + <p> + Lynx provides many command-line options. Some options require a + value (string, number or keyword). These are noted in the + reference below. The other options set boolean values in the + program. There are three types of boolean options: set, unset and + toggle. If no option value is given, these have the obvious + meaning: set (to true), unset (to false), or toggle (between + true/false). For any of these, an explicit value can be given in + different forms to allow for operating system constraints, e.g., + <pre><code> + -center:off + -center=off + -center-</code></pre> + Lynx recognizes "1", "+", "on" and "true" for true values, and "0", + "-", "off" and "false" for false values. Other option-values are + ignored. + <p> + The default boolean, number and string option values that are + compiled into lynx are displayed in the help-message provided by + lynx -help. Some of those may differ according to how lynx was + built; see the help message itself for these values. The -help + option is processed before any option, including those that control + reading from the lynx.cfg file. Therefore runtime configuration + values are not reflected in the help-message. + <p> + Capitalized items in the option summary + indicate that a substitution must be made. + These are the options: + <dl> + <dt><code>-</code> + <dd>If the argument is only '<code>-</code>' (dash), then Lynx + expects to receive the arguments from stdin. This is to + allow for the potentially very long command line that can + be associated with the <em>-get_data</em> or + <em>-post_data</em> arguments (see below). + It can also be used to avoid having sensitive information + in the invoking command line (which would be visible to + other processes on most systems), especially when + the <em>-auth</em> or <em>-pauth</em> options are used. + On VMS, the dash + must be encased in double-quotes ("-") and the + keyboard input terminated with <em>Control-Z</em> or the + command file input terminated by a line that begins + with '<em>$</em>'. On Unix, the keyboard input terminator + is <em>Control-D</em>. On Win32, [???]. + <dt><code>-accept_all_cookies</code> + <dd>accept all cookies. + <dt><code>-anonymous</code> + <dd>apply restrictions appropriate for an anonymous + account, see <em>-restrictions</em> below for some + details. + <dt><code>-assume_charset=MIMENAME</code> + <dd>charset for documents that don't specify it. + <dt><code>-assume_local_charset=MIMENAME</code> + <dd>charset assumed for local files, + i.e., files which lynx creates such as internal pages for + the options menu. + <dt><code>-assume_unrec_charset=MIMENAME</code> + <dd>use this instead of unrecognized charsets. + <dt><code>-auth=ID:PW</code> + <dd>set authorization ID and password for protected documents + at startup. Be sure to protect any script files which use + this switch. + <dt><code>-base</code> + <dd>prepend a request URL comment and BASE tag to text/html + outputs for -source dumps. + <dt><code>-bibp=URL</code> + <dd>specify a local bibp server (default http://bibhost/). + <dt><code>-blink</code> + <dd>forces high intensity background colors for color mode, + if available and supported by the terminal. + This applies to the slang library (for a few terminal + emulators), or to OS/2 EMX with ncurses. + <dt><code>-book</code> + <dd>use the bookmark page as the startfile. The default or + command line startfile is still set for the Main screen + command, and will be used if the bookmark page is + unavailable or blank. + <dt><code>-buried_news</code> + <dd>toggles scanning of news articles for buried references, + and converts them to news links. Not recommended because + email addresses enclosed in angle brackets will be + converted to false news links, and uuencoded messages can + be trashed. + <dt><code>-cache=NUMBER</code> + <dd>set the <em>NUMBER</em> of documents cached in memory. + The default is 10. + <dt><code>-center</code> + <dd>Toggle center alignment in HTML TABLE. + <dt><code>-case</code> + <dd>enable case-sensitive string searching. + <dt><code>-cfg=FILENAME</code> + <dd>specifies a Lynx configuration file other than the default + <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A>. + <dt><code>-child</code> + <dd>exit on left-arrow in startfile, and disable save to disk. + <dt><code>-child_relaxed</code> + <dd>exit on left-arrow in startfile, but allow save to disk and + associated print/mail options. + <dt><code>-cmd_log=FILENAME</code> + <dd>write keystroke commands and related information to the + specified file. + <dt><code>-cmd_script=FILENAME</code> + <dd>read keystroke commands from the specified file. + You can use the data written using the <em>-cmd_log</em> + option. Lynx will ignore other information which + the command-logging may have written to the log- + file. Each line of the command script contains + either a comment beginning with "#", or a keyword: + + <dl> + <dt><code>exit</code> + <dd>causes the script to stop, and forces lynx to + exit immediately. + + <dt><code>key</code> + <dd>the character value, in printable form. Cursor + and other special keys are given as names, e.g., + <code>Down Arrow</code>. Printable 7-bit ASCII codes are + given as-is, and hexadecimal values represent + other 8-bit codes. + + <dt><code>set</code> + <dd>followed by a "name=value" allows one to override + values set in the lynx.cfg file. + </dl> + + <dt><code>-color</code> + <dd>forces color mode on, if available. Default color control sequences + which work for many terminal types are assumed if the terminal + capability description does not specify how to handle color. + Lynx needs to be compiled with the slang library for this flag. + It is equivalent to setting the COLORTERM environment variable. + (If color support is instead provided by a color-capable curses + library like ncurses, Lynx relies completely on the terminal + description to determine whether color mode is possible, and + this flag is not needed and thus unavailable.) + A saved show_color=always setting found in a .lynxrc file at + startup has the same effect. A saved show_color=always found + in .lynxrc on startup is overridden by this flag. + <dt><code>-connect_timeout=N</code> + <dd>Sets the connection timeout, where N is given in seconds. + <dt><code>-cookie_file=FILENAME</code> + <dd>specifies a file to use to read cookies. + If none is specified, the default value is ~/.lynx_cookies + for most systems, but ~/cookies for MS-DOS. + <dt><code>-cookie_save_file=FILENAME</code> + <dd>specifies a file to use to store cookies. + If none is specified, the value given by + <code>-cookie_file</code> is used. + <dt><code>-cookies</code> + <dd>toggles handling of Set-Cookie headers. + <dt><code>-core</code> + <dd>toggles forced core dumps on fatal errors. (Unix only) + <dt><code>-crawl</code> + <dd>with <em>-traversal</em>, output each page to a file.<br> + with <em>-dump</em>, format output as with + <em>-traversal</em>, but to stdout. + <dt><code>-curses_pads</code> + <dd>toggles the use of curses "pad" feature which supports + left/right scrolling of the display. + <dt><code>-debug_partial</code> + <dd>separate incremental display stages with MessageSecs delay + <dt><code>-display=DISPLAY</code> + <dd>set the display variable for X rexe-ced programs. + <dt><code>-display_charset=MIMEname</code> + <dd>set the charset for the terminal output. + <dt><code>-dont_wrap_pre</code> + <dd>inhibit wrapping of text in <pre> when -dump'ing and + -crawl'ing, mark wrapped lines in interactive session. + <dt><code>-dump</code> + <dd>dumps the formatted output of the default document + or one specified on the command line to standard out. + This can be used in the following way:<br> + <em>lynx -dump http://www.w3.org/</em> + <dt><code>-editor=EDITOR</code> + <dd>enable external editing using the specified + <em>EDITOR</em>. (vi, ed, emacs, etc.) + <dt><code>-emacskeys</code> + <dd>enable emacs-like key movement. + <dt><code>-enable_scrollback</code> + <dd>toggles behavior compatible with the scrollback keys in + some communications software (may be incompatible with + some curses packages). + <dt><code>-error_file=FILENAME</code> + <dd>the status code from the HTTP request is placed in this + file. + <dt><code>-exec</code> + <dd>enable local program execution (normally not configured). + <dt><code>-fileversions</code> + <dd>include all versions of files in local VMS directory + listings. + <dt><code>-find_leaks</code> + <dd>toggles the memory leak checking off. + Normally this + is not compiled-into your executable, but when it is, + it can be disabled for a session. + <dt><code>-force_empty_hrefless_a</code> + <dd>force HREF-less 'A' elements to be empty (close them as soon as they are seen). + <dt><code>-force_html</code> + <dd>forces the first document to be interpreted as HTML. + <dt><code>-force_secure</code> + <dd>toggles forcing of the secure flag for SSL cookies. + <dt><code>-forms_options</code> + <dd>toggles whether the Options Menu is key-based or form-based. + <dt><code>-from</code> + <dd>toggles transmissions of From headers to HTTP or HTTPS + servers. + <dt><code>-ftp</code> + <dd>disable ftp access. + <dt><code>-get_data</code> + <dd>properly formatted data for a get form are read in from + stdin and passed to the form. Input is terminated by a + line that starts with '---'. + <dt><code>-head</code> + <dd>send a HEAD request for the mime headers. + <dt><code>-help</code> + <dd>print this Lynx command syntax usage message. + <dt><code>-hiddenlinks=<em>option</em></code> + <dd>control the display of hidden links. Option values are: + <dl> + <dt><code>merge</code> + <dd>hidden links show up as bracketed numbers and are + numbered together with other links in the sequence of + their occurrence in the document. + <dt><code>listonly</code> + <dd>hidden links are shown only on <em>L</em>ist screens and + listings generated by <code>-dump</code> or from the + <em>P</em>rint menu, but appear separately at the end of + those lists. This is the default behavior. + <dt><code>ignore</code> + <dd>hidden links do not appear even in listings. + </dl> + <dt><code>-historical</code> + <dd>toggles use of '>' or '-->' as a terminator for + comments. + <dt><code>-homepage=URL</code> + <dd>set homepage separate from start page. Will be used + if a fetch of the start page fails or if it is a + script which does not return a document, and as the + <code>URL</code> for the '<em>m</em>'ain menu command. + <dt><code>-image_links</code> + <dd>toggles inclusion of links for all images. + <dt><code>-ismap</code> + <dd>toggles inclusion of ISMAP links when client-side + MAPs are present. + <dt><code>-index=URL</code> + <dd>set the default index file to the specified <em>URL</em> + <dt><code>-justify</code> + <dd>do justification of text. + <dt><code>-link=NUMBER</code> + <dd>starting count for lnk#.dat files produced by + <em>-crawl</em>. + <dt><code>-localhost</code> + <dd>disable URLs that point to remote hosts. + <dt><code>-locexec</code> + <dd>enable local program execution from local files only + (if lynx was compiled with local execution enabled). + <dt><code>-lss=FILENAME</code> + <dd>specify filename containing color-style information. + The default is lynx.lss. + <dt><code>-mime_header</code> + <dd>include mime headers and force source dump. + <dt><code>-minimal</code> + <dd>toggles minimal versus valid comment parsing. When + minimal, any '-->' serves as a terminator for a + comment element. When valid, pairs of '--' are + treated as delimiters for series of comments within + the overall comment element. If historical is set, + that overrides minimal or valid comment parsing. + <dt><code>-nested_tables</code> + <dd>toggles nested-tables logic (for debugging). + <dt><code>-newschunksize=NUMBER</code> + <dd>number of articles in chunked news listings. + <dt><code>-newsmaxchunk=NUMBER</code> + <dd>maximum news articles in listings before chunking. + <dt><code>-nobold</code> + <dd>disable bold video-attribute. + <dt><code>-nobrowse</code> + <dd>disable directory browsing. + <dt><code>-nocc</code> + <dd>disable Cc: prompts for self copies of mailings. Note + that this does not disable any CCs which are incorporated + within a mailto URL or form ACTION. + <dt><code>-nocolor</code> + <dd>force color mode off, overriding terminal capabilities and any + <em>-color</em> flags, <em>COLORTERM</em> variable, and saved .lynxrc settings. + <dt><code>-noexec</code> + <dd>disable local program execution. (DEFAULT) + <dt><code>-nofilereferer</code> + <dd>disable transmissions of Referer headers for file URLs. + <dt><code>-nolist</code> + <dd>disable the link list feature in dumps. + <dt><code>-nolog</code> + <dd>disable mailing of error messages to document owners. + <dt><code>-nomargins</code> + <dd>disable left/right margins in the default style sheet. + <dt><code>-nomore</code> + <dd>disable -more- string in statusline messages. + <dt><code>-nonrestarting_sigwinch</code> + <dd>make window size change handler non-restarting. + This flag is not available on all systems, + Lynx needs to be compiled with HAVE_SIGACTION defined. + If available, this flag <em>may</em> cause Lynx to react + more immediately to window changes when run within an + xterm. + <dt><code>-nopause</code> + <dd>disable forced pauses for statusline messages. + <dt><code>-noprint</code> + <dd>disable most print functions. + <dt><code>-noredir</code> + <dd>don't follow URL redirections + <dt><code>-noreferer</code> + <dd>disable transmissions of Referer headers. + <dt><code>-noreverse</code> + <dd>disable reverse video-attribute. + <dt><code>-nosocks</code> + <dd>disable SOCKS proxy usage by a SOCKSified Lynx. + <dt><code>-nostatus</code> + <dd>disable the retrieval status messages. + <dt><code>-notitle</code> + <dd>disable title and blank line from top of page. + <dt><code>-nounderline</code> + <dd>disable underline video-attribute. + <dt><code>-number_fields</code> + <dd>force numbering of links as well as form input fields. + <dt><code>-number_links</code> + <dd>force numbering of links. + <dt><code>-partial</code> + <dd>toggles displaying of partial pages while loading. + <dt><code>-partial_thres=<em>NUMBER</em></code> + <dd>number of lines to render before repainting display + with partial-display logic. + <dt><code>-pauth=ID:PW</code> + <dd>set authorization ID and password for a protected proxy + server at startup. Be sure to protect any script files + which use this switch. + <dt><code>-popup</code> + <dd>toggles handling of single-choice SELECT options via + popup windows or as lists of radio buttons. The default + configuration can be changed in userdefs.h or + <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A>. + It also can be set and saved via the 'o'ptions menu. + The command line switch toggles the default. + <dt><code>-post_data</code> + <dd>properly formatted data for a post form are read in from + stdin and passed to the form. Input is terminated by a + line that starts with '---'. + <dt><code>-preparsed</code> + <dd>show source preparsed and reformatted when used with + -source or in source view ('<em>\</em>'). + May be useful for debugging of broken HTML markup + to visualize the difference between SortaSGML and TagSoup + <A HREF="keystrokes/option_help.html#tagsoup">recovery modes</A>, + switched by '<em>^V</em>'. + <dt><code>-prettysrc</code> + <dd>do syntax highlighting and hyperlink handling in source + view. + <dt><code>-print</code> + <dd>enable print functions. (default) + <dt><code>-pseudo_inlines</code> + <dd>toggles pseudo-ALTs for inline images with no ALT string. + <dt><code>-raw</code> + <dd>toggles default setting of 8-bit character translations + or CJK mode for the startup character set. + <dt><code>-realm</code> + <dd>restricts access to URLs in the starting realm. + <dt><code>-reload</code> + <dd>flushes the cache on a proxy server + (only the first document affected). + <dt><code>-restrictions</code> + <dd>allows a list of services to be disabled + selectively and takes the following form: + <dd><em>lynx -restrictions=[option][,option][,option]...</em> + <dd>The list of recognized options is printed if none + are specified. + <dl> + <dt>? + <dd>if used alone, lists restrictions in effect. + <dt>all + <dd>restricts all options listed below. + <dt>bookmark + <dd>disallow changing the location of the bookmark + file. + <dt>bookmark_exec + <dd>disallow execution links via the bookmark file. + <dt>change_exec_perms + <dd>disallow changing the eXecute permission on + files (but still allow it for directories) when + local file management is enabled. + <dt>chdir + <dd>disallow command which changes Lynx's working + directory. + <dt>default + <dd>same as command line option <em>-anonymous</em>. + Set default restrictions for anonymous users. + All specific services listed are always + restricted, except for: + inside_telnet, outside_telnet, inside_ftp, + outside_ftp, inside_rlogin, outside_rlogin, + inside_news, outside_news, telnet_port, jump, + mail, print, exec, and goto. The settings for these, + as well as additional goto restrictions for + specific URL schemes that are also applied, + are derived from definitions within userdefs.h.<br> + Note that this is the only option value that + may have the effect of <em>removing</em> some + restrictions, if they have been set by other + options, namely for those services that + <em>are</em> allowed by default according to + userdefs.h. However, if the separate command + line option form (<em>-anonymous</em>) is used, + Lynx takes care to set the default restrictions + before handling additional <em>-restrictions=</em> + options (even if they precede the + <em>anonymous</em> option), so that this cannot + happen. + <dt>dired_support + <dd>disallow local file management. + <dt>disk_save + <dd>disallow saving to disk in the download and print + menus. + <dt>dotfiles + <dd>disallow access to, or creation of, hidden (dot) + files. + <dt>download + <dd>disallow some downloaders in the download menu. + This does <em>not</em> imply the disk_save + restriction. It also does not disable the + DOWNLOAD command, and does not prevent + "Download or Cancel" offers when a MIME type + cannot otherwise be handled. Those are only + disabled if additionally the disk_save + restriction is in effect <em>and</em> + no download methods are defined in a <A + HREF="#lynx.cfg">Lynx configuration + file</A> that are marked as "always ENABLED" + (or, alternatively, if the -validate switch + is used). + <dt>editor + <dd>disallow external editing. + <dt>exec + <dd>disable execution scripts. + <dt>exec_frozen + <dd>disallow the user from changing the local + execution option. + <dt>externals + <dd>disallow some "EXTERNAL" configuration lines, + if support for passing URLs to external + applications (with the EXTERN_LINK or EXTERN_PAGE + command) is compiled in. + <dt>file_url + <dd>disallow using G)oto, served links or bookmarks + for file: URLs. + <dt>goto + <dd>disable the '<em>g</em>' (goto) command. + <dt>inside_ftp + <dd>disallow ftps for people coming from inside your + domain. + <dt>inside_news + <dd>disallow USENET news reading and posting for + people coming from inside you domain. This + applies to "news", "nntp", "newspost", and + "newsreply" URLs, but not to "snews", "snewspost", + or "snewsreply" in case they are supported. + + <dt>inside_rlogin + <dd>disallow rlogins for people coming from inside + your domain. + <dt>inside_telnet + <dd>disallow telnets for people coming from inside + your domain. + <dt>jump + <dd>disable the '<em>j</em>' (jump) command. + <dt>lynxcgi + <dd>disallow execution of Lynx CGI URLs. + <dt>mail + <dd>disallow mailing feature. + <dt>multibook + <dd>disallow multiple bookmarks. + <dt>news_post + <dd>disallow USENET News posting, + <dt>options_save + <dd>disallow saving options in .lynxrc. + <dt>outside_ftp + <dd>disallow ftps for people coming from outside your + domain. + <dt>outside_news + <dd>disallow USENET news reading and posting for + people coming from outside you domain. This + applies to "news", "nntp", "newspost", and + "newsreply" URLs, but not to "snews", "snewspost", + or "snewsreply" in case they are supported. + <dt>outside_rlogin + <dd>disallow rlogins for people coming from outside + your domain. + <dt>outside_telnet + <dd>disallow telnets for people coming from + outside your domain. + <dt>print + <dd>disallow most print options. + <dt>shell + <dd>disallow shell escapes. + <dt>suspend + <dd>disallow <em>Control-Z</em> suspends with escape + to shell on Unix. + <dt>telnet_port + <dd>disallow specifying a port in telnet G)oto's. + <dt>useragent + <dd>disallow modifications of the User-Agent header. + </dl> + + <dt><code>-resubmit_posts</code> + <dd>toggles forced resubmissions (no-cache) of forms with + method POST when the documents they returned are sought + with the PREV_DOC (<em>left-arrow</em>) command or from + the <em>History Page</em>. + <dt><code>-rlogin</code> + <dd>disable recognition of rlogin commands. + <dt><code>-scrollbar</code> + <dd>toggles showing scrollbar. + <dt><code>-scrollbar_arrow</code> + <dd>toggles showing arrows at ends of the scrollbar. + <dt><code>-selective</code> + <dd>require .www_browsable files to browse directories. + <dt><code>-session=FILENAME</code> + <dd>resumes from specified file on startup and saves session + to that file on exit. + <dt><code>-sessionin=FILENAME</code> + <dd>resumes session from specified file. + <dt><code>-sessionout=FILENAME=</code> + <dd>saves session to specified file. + <dt><code>-short_url</code> + <dd>show very long URLs in the status line with "..." to + represent the portion which cannot be displayed. The + beginning and end of the URL are displayed, rather than + suppressing the end. + <dt><code>-show_cursor </code> + <dd>If enabled the cursor will not be hidden in the right hand + corner but will instead be positioned at the start of the + currently selected link. Show cursor is the default for + systems without FANCY_CURSES capabilities. The default + configuration can be changed in userdefs.h or + <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A>. + It also can be set and saved via the 'o'ptions menu. + The command line switch toggles the default. + <dt><code>-show_rate</code> + <dd>If enabled the transfer rate is shown in bytes/second. If + disabled, no transfer rate is shown. Use lynx.cfg or the + options menu to select KiB/second and/or ETA. + <dt><code>-soft_dquotes</code> + <dd>toggles emulation of the old Netscape and Mosaic bug which + treated '<em>></em>' as a co-terminator for + double-quotes and tags. + <dt><code>-source</code> + <dd>works the same as dump but outputs HTML source instead of + formatted text. For example + <pre><tt> + lynx -source . >foo.html + </tt></pre> + generates HTML source listing the files in the current + directory. Each file is marked by an HREF relative to the + parent directory. Add a trailing slash to make the HREF's + relative to the current directory: + <pre><tt> + lynx -source ./ >foo.html + </tt></pre> + <dt><code>-stack_dump</code> + <dd>disable SIGINT cleanup handler. + <dt><code>-startfile_ok</code> + <dd>allow non-http startfile and homepage with + <em>-validate</em>. + <dt><code>-stderr</code> + <dd>When dumping a document using <code>-dump</code> or + <code>-source</code>, Lynx normally does not display alert + (error) messages that you see on the screen in the status + line. Use the <code>-stderr</code> option to tell Lynx to + write these messages to the standard error. + <dt><code>-stdin</code> + <dd>read the startfile from standard input + (UNIX only). + <dt><code>-syslog=<em>text</em></code> + <dd>information for syslog call. + <dt><code>-syslog-urls</code> + <dd>log requested URLs with syslog. + <dt><code>-tagsoup</code> + <dd>initialize DTD with "TagSoup" tables, + <A HREF="keystrokes/option_help.html#tagsoup">more details</A>. + <dt><code>-telnet</code> + <dd>disable recognition of telnet commands. + <dt><code>-term=TERM</code> + <dd>tell Lynx what terminal type to assume its talking to. + (This may be useful for remote execution, when, for + example, Lynx connects to a remote TCP/IP port that starts + a script that, in turn, starts another Lynx process.) + <dt><code>-timeout=<em>N</em></code> + <dd>For win32, sets the network read-timeout, where N is given in seconds. + <dt><code>-tlog</code> + <dd>toggles use of a <em>Lynx Trace Log</em> for the + session. The log is named <em>Lynx.trace</em> and is + created in the home directory when Lynx trace mode is + turned on via the <em>-trace</em> command line switch + (see below), or via the TRACE_TOGGLE (<em>Control-T</em>) + keystroke command. Once a log is started for the session, + all trace and other stderr messages are written to the + log. The contents of the log can be examined during + the session via the TRACE_LOG (normally, '<em>;</em>') + keystroke command. If use of a Lynx Trace Log + is turned off, any trace output will go to the standard + error stream. + <dt><code>-tna</code> + <dd>turns on <A HREF="#tna">"Textfields Need Activation"</A> + mode. + <dt><code>-trace</code> + <dd>turns on Lynx trace mode. If a Lynx Trace Log + (<em>Lynx.trace</em> in the home directory) has + been started for the current session, all trace + messages are written to that log, and + can be examined during the session via the TRACE_LOG + (normally, '<em>;</em>') command. If no Trace Log + file is in use, trace messages go to stderr. + <dt><code>-trace_mask=<em>value</em></code> + <dd>turn on optional traces, which may result in very large trace files. + Logically OR the values to combine options: + <dl> + <dt>1 + <dd>SGML character parsing states + <dt>2 + <dd>color-style + <dt>4 + <dd>TRST (table layout) + <dt>8 + <dd>config (lynx.cfg and .lynxrc contents) + <dt>16 + <dd>binary string copy/append, used in form data construction. + </dl> + <dt><code>-traversal</code> + <dd>traverse all http links derived from startfile. When + used with <em>-crawl</em>, each link that begins with the + same string as startfile is output to a file, intended for + indexing. See CRAWL.announce for more information. + <dt><code>-trim_input_fields</code> + <dd>trim input text/textarea fields in forms. + <dt><code>-underscore</code> + <dd>toggles use of _underline_ format in dumps. + <dt><code>-use_mouse</code> + <dd>turn on mouse support, if available. + <dt><code>-useragent=STRING</code> + <dd>set different Lynx User-Agent header. Lynx produces a + warning on startup if the STRING does not contain "Lynx" + or "L_y_n_x", see the <A HREF="#noteUA">note</A> in the + Options Menu section for rationale. + <dt><code>-validate</code> + <dd>accept only http URLs (meant for validation). + <dd>This flag implies security restrictions + generally more severe than <em>-anonymous</em>: + restriction options as for + <em>-restrictions=all</em>, with the notable + exception that goto remains enabled for + http and https URLs; in addition, + the PRINT and DOWNLOAD commands are completely + disabled, and use of a Trace Log file is + forced off. + <dd>Any relaxing of restriction that might be implied + by an also present (or implied) <em>-anonymous</em> + flag is overridden, the only way to possibly relax + <em>some</em> of the restrictions to the level + applicable for "anononymous" accounts is with an + explicit <em>-restrictions=default</em>. + <dt><code>-verbose</code> + <dd>toggles [LINK], [IMAGE] and [INLINE] comments + with filenames of these images. + <dt><code>-version</code> + <dd>print version information. + <dt><code>-vikeys</code> + <dd>enable vi-like key movement. + <dt><code>-wdebug</code> + <dd>enable Waterloo tcp/ip packet debug (print to watt + debugfile). This applies only to DOS versions compiled + with WATTCP or WATT-32. + <dt><code>-width=NUMBER</code> + <dd>number of columns for formatting of dumps, default is 80. + <dt><code>-with_backspaces</code> + <dd>emit backspaces in output if -dumping or -crawling (like + <code>man</code> does). + </dl> +</dl> + +<p>No options are required, nor is a startfile argument required. +White space can be used in place of equal sign separators ('<em>=</em>') +appearing in the option list above. It can not be used in place of the equal +signs in forms like "-option=on" and "-option=off" for simple switches and +toggles, for which "-option" alone (without a value) is valid. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Invoking">ToC</A>] + + +<h2 ID="Environments"><A NAME="Environment"><em>Environment variables used by Lynx</em></A></h2> + +Lynx uses certain environment variables and sets a few of them. +Please visit a <A HREF="keystrokes/environments.html">separate page</A> +for this rather technical information. +[<A HREF="#ToC-Environment">ToC</A>] + + +<h2 ID="id-lynx.cfg"><A NAME="lynx.cfg"><em>Main configuration file lynx.cfg</em></A></h2> + +Lynx has several levels of customization: +from the Options Menu (accessible on-line, +and possibly stored in your local .lynxrc file), +via command-line switches +on startup (mainly for batch processing). +The most important and numerous default settings are stored +in the Lynx configuration file <em>lynx.cfg</em>. + +<p>If you are on a UNIX system you should have +appropriate permissions to make changes there or ask your +system administrator to modify lynx.cfg for your needs. +This file provides default settings for all accounts on your system. +It may be copied to your shell account and included with -cfg command line +switch or via an environment variable LYNX_CFG (if you have shell access). +Starting with version 2.8.1 Lynx has an include facility so you can +load the system-wide configuration file and easily add one or more settings +from your local add-on configuration file. It is really cool to read +lynx.cfg with its comments for hundreds of options, +most of them commented out because they are built-in defaults. +You may visit an index of options: +<a href="http://lynx.isc.org/release/lynx2-8-7/lynx_help/cattoc.html">by category</a> or +<a href="http://lynx.isc.org/release/lynx2-8-7/lynx_help/alphatoc.html">by alphabet</a>. + +<p>To view your current configuration derived from lynx.cfg and any +included configuration files, press <em>'g'</em> and type in +'<em>lynxcfg:</em>'. If you are using the forms-based <em>Options +Menu</em>, you may press <em>'o'</em> for the Options Menu and follow +the '<em>Check your lynx.cfg</em>' link near the bottom. + +<p>However, for those who have a restricted account many Lynx features +may be disabled by the system administrator, you probably will not see +your lynx.cfg. + + +[<A HREF="#ToC-lynx.cfg">ToC</A>] + +<h2 ID="id-Hist"><A NAME="Hist"><em>Lynx development history</em></A></h2> + +Lynx grew out of efforts to build a campus-wide information system +at The University of Kansas. The earliest versions of Lynx provided a +user-friendly, distributed hypertext interface for users connected to +multiuser (Unix and VMS) systems via curses-oriented display devices. +A custom hypertext format was developed to support hypertext links to +local files and files on remote Gopher servers. Using Gopher servers +for distributed file service allowed information providers to publish +information from a wide variety of platforms (including Unix, VMS, +VM/CMS and Macintosh). In addition, Lynx became the most user-friendly +Gopher client, although that was only an ancillary capability. + +<p>This distributed approach let providers retain complete control +over their information, but it made communication between users +and providers somewhat more difficult. Following the lead of Neal +Erdwien, of Kansas State University, the Lynx hypertext format was +extended to include links for including ownership information with +each file. This information made it possible for users running +Lynx clients to send comments and suggestions via e-mail to the +providers. + +<p>This early version of Lynx was also augmented to support hypertext +links to programs running on remote systems. It included the ability +to open a Telnet connection, as well as the ability to start programs +via rexec, inetd, or by direct socket connects. These capabilities were +included to allow users to access databases or custom program interfaces. + +<p>A subsequent version of Lynx incorporated the World Wide Web libraries +to allow access to the full list of WWW servers, along with the option to +build hypertext documents in HTML, rather than the native Lynx format. +HTML has become far more widely used, and the native format has been phased +out. With the addition of the WWW libraries, Lynx became a fully-featured +WWW client, limited only by the display capabilities offered in the curses +environment. + +<p>Lynx was designed by Lou Montulli, Charles Rezac and Michael Grobe +of Academic Computing Services at The University of Kansas. Lynx was +implemented by Lou Montulli and maintained by Garrett Arch Blythe and +Craig Lavender. + +<p><em>Foteos Macrides</em> and members of the +<a href="lynx-dev.html">lynx-dev</a> +list have developed and supported Lynx since release of v2.3 in May 1994.<br> +The Lynx2-3FM code set was released as v2.4 in June 1995.<br> +The Lynx2-4FM code set was released as v2.5 in May 1996.<br> +The Lynx2-5FM code set was released as v2.6 in September 1996.<br> +The Lynx2-6FM code set was released as v2.7 in February 1997.<br> +The v2-7FM code set was released as v2.7.1 in April 1997.<br> +The v2-7-1FM code set was released as v2.7.2 in January 1998.<br> +The 2.7.1 development set was released as v2.8 in March 1998.<br> +The 2.8 development set was released as v2.8.1 in October 1998.<br> +The 2.8.1 development set was released as v2.8.2 in June 1999.<br> +The 2.8.2 development set was released as v2.8.3 in April 2000.<br> +The 2.8.3 development set was released as v2.8.4 in July 2001.<br> +The 2.8.4 development set was released as v2.8.5 in February 2004.<br> +The 2.8.5 development set was released as v2.8.6 in October 2006.<br> +The 2.8.6 development set was released as v2.8.7 in July 2009.<br> + +<p>Since early 1997, the Lynx code has expanded into autoconfigure and +PC versions. The branching of the Lynx source base from a single +source into two sources (FM/Foteos Macrides and ac/autoconfigure) +should be considered a healthy synergism among groups of computer +professionals acting in their spare time out of a common goal. + +<p>Lynx has incorporated code from a variety of sources along the +way. The earliest versions of Lynx included code from Earl Fogel +of Computing Services at the University of Saskatchewan, who +implemented HYPERREZ in the Unix environment. Those versions also +incorporated libraries from the Unix Gopher clients developed at +the University of Minnesota, and the later versions of Lynx rely +on the WWW client library code developed by Tim Berners-Lee (and +others) and the WWW community. + +<p>Contributors have generally been acknowledged in the CHANGES +file. Earlier CHANGES file can be found in the docs/ subdirectory +of this distribution. + +<p>Information on obtaining the most current version of Lynx is available +at <a href="http://lynx.isc.org/current/index.html">the current distribution page</a>. + +<p>[<A HREF="#Contents">ToC</A>] +</body> +</html> |