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<h1>Nginx</h1>
<h2 id="install">1. Install Nginx</h2>
<pre>
$ prt-get depinst nginx
</pre>
<p>Allow minimal privileges via mount options, view /etc/fstab;</p>
<pre>
UID=xxxxx-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx /srv/www ext4 defaults,nosuid,noexec,nodev,noatime 1 2
</pre>
<p>Add user nginx to www group;</p>
<pre>
# usermod -a -G www nginx
</pre>
<p>Change default home directory of nginx user;</p>
<pre>
# usermod -m -d /srv/www nginx
</pre>
<p>Create configuration directory's for better organization;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.d
$ sudo mkdir /etc/nginx/sites-enable
$ sudo mkdir /etc/nginx/sites
</pre>
<h2 id="certs">2. Certificates</h2>
<h3 id="letsencrypt">2.1. Lets encrypt</h3>
<p>Example of nginx location block on public pmwiki setup;</p>
<pre>
#ACME challenge
location ^~ /.well-known {
allow all;
alias /srv/www/machine-pmwiki/pub/cert/.well-known/;
default_type "text/plain";
try_files $uri =404;
}
</pre>
<p>First run dryrun to test if everything is ok;</p>
<pre>
# certbot certonly --dry-run --email user@mail.org --webroot -w /srv/www/machine-pmwiki/pub/cert/-d machine.example.org
</pre>
<pre>
# certbot certonly --email user@mail.org --webroot -w /srv/www/machine-pmwiki/pub/cert/-d machine.example.org
</pre>
<h3 id="mancert">2.2. Self certificate</h2>
<p>Certificates allow a more secure connection. Lets create
self-signed certificate;</p>
<p>Create private key;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key 2048
Password:
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..............................+++
............+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key:
</pre>
<p>Create ceritificate signing request. For "Common Name"
provide domain name or ip address, leave challange password
and optional company name blank;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo openssl req -new -key /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/nginx.csr
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:PT
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:
Locality Name (eg, city) []:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:machine.example.org
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
$
</pre>
<p>Having password is a good idea, but requires it every
time nginx is restarted. To remove;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo cp /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key.pass
$ sudo openssl rsa -in /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key.pass -out /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key
</pre>
<pre>
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key.pass:
writing RSA key
</pre>
<pre>
$ sudo chown nginx /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key*
$ sudo chmod 0600 /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key*
# chmod 644 /etc/ssl/certs/exim.cert
</pre>
<p>Sign SSL cetificate;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo openssl x509 -req -days 365 \
-in /etc/ssl/certs/nginx.csr \
-signkey /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key \
-out /etc/ssl/certs/nginx.crt
</pre>
Signature ok
subject=/C=PT/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=machine.example.org
Getting Private key
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key:
</pre>
<pre>
$ sudo chown nginx:nginx /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key*
$ sudo chmod 0600 /etc/ssl/keys/nginx.key*
$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/ssl/certs/nginx.crt
</pre>
<h2 id="nginxconf">3. Nginx Configuration</h2>
<p>Read <a href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls">nginx pitfalls</a>,
for more information about optimization
<a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-optimize-nginx-configuration">digitalocean</a>,
<p>Number of worker_processes must be equal or less than
the number of available cpu cores. This is set to auto.</p>
<pre>
$ nproc
2
</pre>
<p>Number of worker_connections must be equal or less than
the number file-size writing limit, you can get it by;</p>
<pre>
$ nlimit -n
1024
</pre>
<p>Edit ngnix configutarion;</p>
<pre>
#
# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf - nginx server configuration
#
user www;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
# Allow attach iso to wiki
#client_max_body_size 8M;
client_max_body_size 30M;
#keepalive_timeout 65;
keepalive_timeout 120;
#client_body_timeout 12;
client_body_timeout 24;
#client_header_timeout 12;
client_header_timeout 24;
#client_max_body_size 10000M;
#keepalive_timeout 10000;
#client_body_timeout 10000;
#client_header_timeout 10000;
send_timeout 65;
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
#gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 9;
# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*.conf;
}
# End of file
</pre>
<h2 id="server">4. Server with PHP</h2>
<p>To debug configurations check logs and;</p>
<pre>
nginx -V
</pre>
<h3>4.1. Setup PHP</h3>
<p> Install php and setup php.ini as development mode;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo prt-get depinst php php-fpm php-gd php-pdo-pgsql php-postgresql
</pre>
<p>Setup php ini in development mode;<p/>
<pre>
$ sudo cp /etc/php/php.ini-development /etc/php/php.ini
</pre>
<pre>
$ php --ini
Configuration File (php.ini) Path: /etc/php
Loaded Configuration File: /etc/php/php.ini
Scan for additional .ini files in: /etc/php/conf.d
Additional .ini files parsed: /etc/php/conf.d/extensions.ini,
/etc/php/conf.d/pdo_pgsql.ini
</pre>
<h3 id="virtual-host">4.2. Setup Virtual Host</h3>
<p>Server (virtual host) with pmwiki and flyspray, check
<a href="conf/etc/nginx/sites/">/etc/nginx/sites</a>
for more examples. Install pmwiki and flyspray;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo prt-get depinst pmwiki flyspray
</pre>
<p> This server is configured in a way that
root serves pmwiki and /tasks serves flyspray. In order to
flyspray to link correctly change index is needed. Create /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/machine.example.org.conf;</p>
<pre>
server {
listen 443 ssl;
listen 80;
server_name machine.example.org;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/machine.example.org/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/machine.example.org/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/machine.example.org/chain.pem;
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
access_log /var/log/nginx/example_access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/example_error.log;
root /srv/www/;
location /mirror {
#alias /usr/ports/releases;
proxy_pass http://10.0.0.3:80/;
}
location /builder {
rewrite ^/blog(.*) /$1 break;
proxy_pass http://10.0.0.3:80;
}
location /doc {
alias /srv/www/doc;
index index.html;
}
location /git/static {
# static files (png/css) served from /usr/share/gitweb/static
alias /srv/www/gitweb/static;
}
location /git {
alias /srv/www/gitweb;
index gitweb.cgi;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^/git()(/?.+)$;
fastcgi_param GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT /srv/www/gitweb;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /gitweb.cgi$fastcgi_path_info;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.sock;
}
location /chat {
index index.php;
alias /srv/www/chat;
try_files $uri $uri/ index.php$is_args$args;
}
location ~ ^/chat(.+\.php)$ { ### This location block was the solution
alias /srv/www/chat;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_index index.php;
try_files $uri /index.php =404;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$1;
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
location /task {
index index.php;
alias /srv/www/flyspray;
try_files $uri $uri/ index.php$is_args$args;
}
location ~ ^/task(.+\.php)$ { ### This location block was the solution
alias /srv/www/flyspray;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_index index.php;
try_files $uri /index.php =404;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$1;
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
location /pub {
alias /srv/www/pmwiki/pub;
}
location /wiki {
alias /srv/www/pmwiki/;
index pmwiki.php;
try_files $uri $uri/ /pmwiki.php$is_args$args;
}
location ~ ^/wiki(.+\.php)$ {
alias /srv/www/pmwiki;
index pmwiki.php;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_index pmwiki.php;
try_files $uri /pmwiki.php =404;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
# ACME challenge
location ^~ /.well-known {
allow all;
alias /srv/www/pmwiki/pub/cert/.well-known/;
default_type "text/plain";
try_files $uri =404;
}
location / {
alias /srv/www/frontpage/;
index index.html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html$is_args$args;
}
}
</pre>
<p>Change /srv/www/default/flyspray/index.php to;</p>
<pre>
<?php
/*
This is the main script that everything else is included
in. Mostly what it does is check the user permissions
to see what they have access to.
*/
define('IN_FS', true);
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] = "/bug/index.php";
require_once(dirname(__FILE__).'/header.php');
</pre>
<h2 id="userdir">5. User Directory</h2>
<p><a href="http://wiki.nginx.org/UserDir">Nginx Wiki UserDir</a></p>
<pre>
location ~ ^/~(.+?)(/.*)?$ {
alias /home/$1/public_html$2;
index index.html index.htm;
autoindex on;
}
</pre>
<p>Directories should have 644 or 664 and
files chmod 755 or 775;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 644
$ sudo find . -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 755
</pre>
<h2 id="logs">6. Logs</h2>
<pre>
$ sudo grep "login" /var/log/nginx/access.log
$ sudo grep "etc/passwd" /var/log/nginx/access.log
$ sudo egrep -i "denied|error|warn" /var/log/nginx/error.log
</pre>
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<p>This is part of the Hive System Documentation.
Copyright (C) 2018
Hive Team.
See the file <a href="../fdl-1.3-standalone.html">Gnu Free Documentation License</a>
for copying conditions.</p>
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