diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'tools')
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/index.html | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/lvm.html | 151 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/storage.html | 345 |
3 files changed, 169 insertions, 339 deletions
diff --git a/tools/index.html b/tools/index.html index 407d212..d20ccfa 100644 --- a/tools/index.html +++ b/tools/index.html @@ -78,9 +78,15 @@ </li> <li><a href="storage.html">Storage</a> <ul> - <li><a href="storage.html#mv">Moving partitions</a></li> - <li><a href="storage.html#lvm">LVM</a></li> - <li><a href="storage.html#btrfs">BTRFS</a></li> + <li><a href="lvm.html">LVM</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="lvm.html#lvmpart">1. LVM partition</a></li> + <li><a href="lvm.html#pv">2. Create physical volume</a></li> + <li><a href="lvm.html#vg">3. Create volume group</a></li> + <li><a href="lvm.html#lv">4. Create logical volume</a></li> + <li><a href="lvm.html#maint">5. Maintenance</a></li> + </ul> + </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="syslog-ng.html">Syslog-ng</a> diff --git a/tools/lvm.html b/tools/lvm.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b1624a --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/lvm.html @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html dir="ltr" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta charset='utf-8'> + <title>LVM</title> + </head> + <body> + + <a href="index.html">Tools Index</a> + + <h1>LVM</h1> + + <p>Read <a href="https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_setup">Raid Setup</a>, + the only thing you will need outside system is: + "Patience, Pizza, and your favorite caffeinated beverage.". + <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Software_RAID_and_LVM">Arch Wiki</a> + article about Sofware RAID and LVM.</p> + + <p>Basic idea behind RAID is to deal with independent disks + as an array of drives. Raid 0 uses two or more disks as one, + with performance gains without fault-tolerance. From raid 1 + to 6 they offer diferent fault tolerance mechanisms.</p> + + <p>LVM or Logic Volume Manager bring one more layer, read + <a href="http://www.tuxradar.com/content/lvm-made-easy">Lvm made easy</a>. + Partitions under lvm are easy to be resized, moved and there is + a tool to help encrypt. There is more freedom to name physical + disk names exp; production, development, backups...</p> + + + <p>Until now "from install" there is only one partition, + it is good idea to have a system with diferent partitions for each + propos. If is a "fresh install";</p> + + <pre> + # cd /iso/crux/opt/ + # pkgadd lvm2#2.02.107-1.pkg.tar.xz + # + </pre> + + <h2 id="lvmpart">1. LVM Partition</h2> + + <p>Create a LVM partition, fdisk should + show something like this;</p> + + <pre> + # parted /dev/sda + </pre> + + <p>I use defaults unless to define system partition last sector, + where in this example is size, +80G</p> + + + <h2 id="pv">2. Create physical volume</h2> + + <pre> + # pvcreate /dev/sdb3 + Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created + </pre> + + <h2 id="vg">3. Create volume group</h2> + + <pre> + # vgcreate vg_system /dev/sdb3 + Volume group "vg_system" successfully created + # vgcreate homevg /dev/sdb4 + Volume group "homevg" successfully created + # + </pre> + + <h3>3.1. Search Volume Groups</h3> + + <pre> + # vgscan + Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... + Found volume group "homevg" using metadata type lvm2 + Found volume group "vg_system" using metadata type lvm2 + # + </pre> + + <h2 id="lv">4. Create logical volume</h2> + + <pre> + # lvcreate -L 15G -n distfileslv vg_system + Logical volume "distfileslv" created. + # lvcreate -L 8G -n packageslv vg_system + Logical volume "packageslv" created. + # lvcreate -L 4G -n swaplv vg_system + Logical volume "swaplv" created. + # lvcreate -L 80G -n homelv homevg + Logical volume "homelv" created. + # + </pre> + + <pre> + # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_system/distfileslv + # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_system/packageslv + # mkswap /dev/vg_system/swaplv + # mkfs.ext4 /dev/homevg/homelv + </pre> + + <h3>4.1. Activate Deactivate</h3> + + <p>Deactivate logical volumes;</p> + + <pre> + # lvchange -a -n /dev/vg_system/packageslv + # lvchange -a -n /dev/vg_system/distfileslv + # swapoff /dev/vg_system/sawplv + # lvchange -a -n /dev/vg_system/swaplv + </pre> + + <p>Deactivate volume group;</p> + + <pre> + # vgchange -a n vg_system + 0 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg_system" now active + # + </pre> + + <p>Activate volume group;</p> + <pre> + # vgchange -a y vg_system + 3 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg_system" now active + # + </pre> + + <h2 id="maint">5. Maintenance</h2> + + <pre> + # smartctl -t long /dev/sdb1 + # smartctl -a /dev/sdb1 | less + </pre> + + <p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Badblocks">Non Destructive Test;</a></p> + + <pre> + # badblocks -nsv /dev/sdb1 + </pre> + + <h2 id="encrypt">7. Encryption</h2> + + <a href="index.html">Tools Index</a> + <p> + This is part of the c9-doc Manual. + Copyright (C) 2016 + c9 team. + See the file <a href="../fdl-1.3-standalone.html">Gnu Free Documentation License</a> + for copying conditions.</p> + </body> +</html> diff --git a/tools/storage.html b/tools/storage.html index 121c802..97b73b0 100644 --- a/tools/storage.html +++ b/tools/storage.html @@ -6,28 +6,11 @@ </head> <body> - <a href="index.html">Systools Index</a> + <a href="index.html">Tools Index</a> <h1>Storage</h1> - <h2 id="mv">Moving partitions</h2> - - <pre> - var - (parted) mkpart primary ext4 57GiB 200GiB - </pre> - <pre> - swap - (parted) mkpart primary linux-swap 29GiB 57GiB - </pre> - <pre> - home - (parted) mkpart primary ext4 57GiB 200GiB - </pre> - <pre> - srv - (parted) mkpart primary ext4 200GiB 100% - </pre> + <h2 id="mv">1. Moving partitions</h2> <p>Reboot into single-user mode where services aren't started and networking is offline.<p> <pre> @@ -35,13 +18,16 @@ </pre> <p>Copy the data:</p> - cp -apx /srv/* /mnt/srv + + <pre> + # cp -apx /srv/* /mnt/srv + </pre> <p>Rename directory, for later backup;</p> <pre> - mv /srv /srv.old - mkdir /srv + # mv /srv /srv.old + # mkdir /srv </pre> <p>Edit the <a href="../conf/etc/fstab">/etc/fstab</a>file:</p> @@ -53,320 +39,7 @@ <p>Reboot in normal mode.</p> - <h2 id="lvm">1.2. LVM</h2> - - <p>Read <a href="https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_setup">Raid Setup</a>, - the only thing you will need outside system is: - "Patience, Pizza, and your favorite caffeinated beverage.". - <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Software_RAID_and_LVM">Arch Wiki</a> - article about Sofware RAID and LVM.</p> - - <p>Basic idea behind RAID is to deal with independent disks - as an array of drives. Raid 0 uses two or more disks as one, - with performance gains without fault-tolerance. From raid 1 - to 6 they offer diferent fault tolerance mechanisms.</p> - - <p>LVM or Logic Volume Manager bring one more layer, read - <a href="http://www.tuxradar.com/content/lvm-made-easy">Lvm made easy</a>. - Partitions under lvm are easy to be resized, moved and there is - a tool to help encrypt. There is more freedom to name physical - disk names exp; production, development, backups...</p> - - - <p>Until now "from install" there is only one partition, - it is good idea to have a system with diferent partitions for each - propos. If is a "fresh install";</p> - - <pre> - # cd /iso/crux/opt/ - # pkgadd lvm2#2.02.107-1.pkg.tar.xz - # - </pre> - - <h3>Multiple Partition</h3> - - <p>Create a LVM partition, fdisk should - show something like this;</p> - - <pre> - # fdisk /dev/sdb - - Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.26.1). - Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. - Be careful before using the write command. - - - Command (m for help): p - Disk /dev/sdb: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors - Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes - Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes - I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes - Disklabel type: gpt - Disk identifier: E37FE96F-9845-45A4-B6DA-BF3F8E47511A - - Device Start End Sectors Size Type - /dev/sdb1 2048 8056 6009 3M BIOS boot - /dev/sdb2 8192 18440191 18432000 8.8G Linux filesystem - - Command (m for help): - </pre> - - <p>I use defaults unless to define system partition last sector, - where in this example is size, +80G</p> - - <pre> - Command (m for help): n - Partition number (3-128, default 3): - First sector (8057-488397134, default 18440192): - Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (18440192-488397134, default 488397134): +80G - - Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 80 GiB. - - Command (m for help): - - Command (m for help): t - Partition number (1-3, default 3): - Hex code (type L to list all codes): 23 - - Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'. - - Command (m for help): n - Partition number (4-128, default 4): - First sector (8057-488397134, default 186212352): - Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (186212352-488397134, default 488397134): - - Created a new partition 4 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 144.1 GiB. - - Command (m for help): t - Partition number (1-4, default 4): - Hex code (type L to list all codes): 23 - - Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'. - - Command (m for help): w - The partition table has been altered. - Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. - Syncing disks. - - # - </pre> - - <h3>Create Phisical Volume</h3> - - - <pre> - # pvcreate /dev/sdb3 - Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created - # - # pvcreate /dev/sdb4 - Physical volume "/dev/sdb4" successfully created - # - </pre> - - <h3>Create Volume Group</h3> - - <pre> - # vgcreate systemvg /dev/sdb3 - Volume group "systemvg" successfully created - # vgcreate homevg /dev/sdb4 - Volume group "homevg" successfully created - # - </pre> - - <h3>Create Logical Volume</h3> - - <pre> - # lvcreate -L 15G -n distfileslv systemvg - Logical volume "distfileslv" created. - # lvcreate -L 8G -n packageslv systemvg - Logical volume "packageslv" created. - # lvcreate -L 4G -n swaplv systemvg - Logical volume "swaplv" created. - # lvcreate -L 80G -n homelv homevg - Logical volume "homelv" created. - # - </pre> - - <pre> - # mkfs.ext4 /dev/systemvg/distfileslv - # mkfs.ext4 /dev/systemvg/packageslv - # mkswap /dev/systemvg/swaplv - # mkfs.ext4 /dev/homevg/homelv - </pre> - - <h3>Activate Deactivate</h3> - - <p>Deactivate logical volumes;</p> - - <pre> - # lvchange -a -n /dev/systemvg/packageslv - # lvchange -a -n /dev/systemvg/distfileslv - # swapoff /dev/systemvg/sawplv - # lvchange -a -n /dev/systemvg/swaplv - </pre> - - <p>Deactivate volume group;</p> - - <pre> - # vgchange -a n systemvg - 0 logical volume(s) in volume group "systemvg" now active - # - </pre> - - <p>Activate volume group;</p> - <pre> - # vgchange -a y systemvg - 3 logical volume(s) in volume group "systemvg" now active - # - </pre> - - <h3>Search Volume Groups</h3> - - <pre> - # vgscan - Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... - Found volume group "homevg" using metadata type lvm2 - Found volume group "systemvg" using metadata type lvm2 - # - </pre> - - <h3>Reconfigure System</h3> - - <p>Start by mounting distfileslv and packageslv;</p> - - <pre> - # mkdir -p /var/ports/distfiles - # mkdir -p /var/ports/packages - # mkdir -p /var/ports/work - # mkdir -p /var/ports/pkgbuild - # chown -R pkgmk:pkgmk /var/ports - # - </pre> - - <pre> - # vim /etc/pkgmk.conf - - # PKGMK_SOURCE_MIRRORS=() - PKGMK_SOURCE_DIR="/var/ports/distfiles" - PKGMK_PACKAGE_DIR="/var/ports/packages" - PKGMK_WORK_DIR="/var/ports/work/$name - </pre> - - <p>Edit /etc/prt-get.conf;</p> - - <pre> - ### log options: - writelog enabled # (enabled|disabled) - logmode overwrite # (append|overwrite) - rmlog_on_success yes # (no|yes) - logfile /var/ports/pkgbuild/%n.log - </pre> - - <pre> - # - # /etc/fstab: static file system information - # - # <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> - - UUID=49031e4e-f899-499d-ac83-401ad12635f5 / ext4 defaults,errors=remount-ro,noatime 0 1 - - #/dev/mapper/homevg-homelv: - UUID=c3158626-de78-4bfa-ab8a-9e7e157eca88 /home ext4 defaults,noatime 0 2 - - #/dev/mapper/systemvg-distfileslv: - UUID=0aba2d28-8e3a-4a89-bff5-1698708e13d0 /var/ports/distfiles ext4 defaults,noatime 0 2 - #/dev/mapper/systemvg-packageslv: - UUID=b5a38930-2827-4f00-809a-a0c4d5488aa8 /var/ports/packages ext4 defaults,noatime 0 2 - - #/dev/mapper/systemvg-swaplv: - UUID=08295a67-a056-4dea-9462-209f151e4cdf swap swap defaults 0 0 - devpts /dev/pts devpts noexec,nosuid,gid=tty,mode=0620 0 0 - tmp /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0 - shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 - - pkgmk /var/ports/work tmpfs size=1G,uid=100,defaults 0 0 - # End of file - </pre> - - <p>You can move home directory to new one with - just one command; "usermod -m -d /home/new user".</p> - - <pre> - # mount /var/ports/distfiles - # mount /var/ports/packages - # umount /home/pkgmk/work - # mount /var/ports/work - # mv /home/pkgmk/distfiles/* /var/ports/distfiles/ - # mv /home/pkgmk/packages/* /var/ports/packages/ - # rm -R /home/pkgmk - # usermod -d /var/ports pkgmk - </pre> - - <p>Check ownership, you may need recursive if partition - has bin used on another system.</p> - - <pre> - # chown pkgmk:pkgmk /var/ports/distfiles - # chown pkgmk:pkgmk /var/ports/packages - # - </pre> - - <pre> - # mkdir /home/tmp - # mount /dev/homevg/homelv /home/tmp - # mv /home/user /home/tmp - # umount /home/tmp - # rmdir /home/tmp - # rm -R /home/user - </pre> - - <h2>Maintenance</h2> - - <pre> - # smartctl -t long /dev/sdb1 - # smartctl -a /dev/sdb1 | less - </pre> - - - <p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Badblocks">Non Destructive Test;</a></p> - - <pre> - # badblocks -nsv /dev/sdb1 - </pre> - - - <h2>Example gitolite volume</h2> - - <p>Lets create new lvm volume for repositories data;</p> - - <pre> - # lvcreate -L 15G -n gitlv homevg - Logical volume "gitlv" created. - - # mkfs.ext4 /dev/homevg/gitlv - mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014) - Creating filesystem with 3932160 4k blocks and 983040 inodes - Filesystem UUID: 54c7dca5-1558-4f90-8d81-c01e4e50c6ae - Superblock backups stored on blocks: - 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208 - - Allocating group tables: done - Writing inode tables: done - Creating journal (32768 blocks): done - Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done - - # - </pre> - - <p>Edit fstab</p> - - <pre> - UUID=54c7dca5-1558-4f90-8d81-c01e4e50c6ae /srv/git ext4 defaults,noatime 0 2 - </pre> - - <h2 id="btrfs">1.3. BTRFS</h2> - - <a href="index.html">Systools Index</a> + <a href="index.html">Tools Index</a> <p> This is part of the c9-doc Manual. Copyright (C) 2016 |