1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html dir="ltr" lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<title>Postgresql</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="index.html">Tools Index</a>
<h1>Postgresql</h1>
<h2 id="install">1. Install Postgresql</h2>
<p>Install postgresql;</p>
<pre>
$ prt-get depinst postgresql
</pre>
<pre>
# mkdir /srv/pgsql/
# touch /var/log/postgresql
# chown postgres:postgres /srv/pgsql /var/log/postgresql
# sudo -u postgres initdb -D /srv/pgsql/data
</pre>
<h2 id="config">2. Configure Server</h2>
<h3>2.1. Init script</h3>
<p>Change <a href="conf/etc/rc.d/postgresql">/etc/rc.d/postgresql</a>;</p>
<pre>
#
# /etc/rc.d/postgresql: start, stop or restart PostgreSQL server postmaster
#
PG_DATA=/srv/pgsql/data
case "$1" in
start|stop|status|restart|reload)
sudo -u postgres pg_ctl -D "$PG_DATA" -l /var/log/postgresql "$1"
;;
*)
echo "usage: $0 start|stop|restart|reload|status"
;;
esac
# End of file
</pre>
<h3>2.2. Certificates</h3>
<pre>
$ sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key 2048
Password:
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..............................+++
............+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key:
</pre>
<p>Create ceritificate signing request. For "Common Name"
provide domain name or ip address, leave challange password
and optional company name blank;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo openssl req -x509 -in server.req -text -key /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/pg.crt
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:PT
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:
Locality Name (eg, city) []:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:core.privat-network.net
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
$
</pre>
<p>Having password is a good idea, but requires it every
time pg is restarted. To remove;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo cp /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key.pass
$ sudo openssl rsa \
-in /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key.pass \
-out /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key
</pre>
<pre>
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key.pass:
writing RSA key
</pre>
<pre>
$ sudo chown postgres:postgres /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key*
$ sudo chmod 0600 /etc/ssl/keys/pg.key*
$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/ssl/certs/pg.cert
</pre>
<h3>2.3. Super user password</h3>
<p>Create password for super user;</p>
<pre>
# su postgres
$ psql -U postgres
</pre>
<h3>2.4. Configure postgresql.conf</h3>
<p>Edit <a href="conf/srv/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf">/srv/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf</a>;</p>
<pre>
# - Security and Authentication -
#authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
ssl = on # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
# (change requires restart)
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1' # (change requires restart)
ssl_cert_file = '/etc/ssl/certs/pg.crt' # (change requires restart)
ssl_key_file = '/etc/ssl/keys/pg.key' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ca_file = '' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_crl_file = '' # (change requires restart)
password_encryption = on
</pre>
<h3>2.5. Configure pg_hba.conf</h3>
<p>Edit
<a href="conf/srv/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf">/srv/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</a>;
</p>
<pre>
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
#local all all trust
local all postgres ident
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
#hostssl all all 192.168.0.0/32 md5
# IPv6 local connections:
#host all all ::1/128 trust
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local replication postgres trust
#host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 trust
#host replication postgres ::1/128 trust
</pre>
<p>Start server and alter postgres password</p>
<pre>
# /etc/rc.d/postgresql start
</pre>
<pre>
postgres=# alter user postgres with password 'new_password';
</pre>
<h3 id="syslog">2.6. Configure syslog-ng</h3>
<p><a href="syslog-ng.html">Configure Syslog-ng</a>, check <a href="http://michael.otacoo.com/postgresql-2/postgres-settings-simple-syslog-configuration-with-syslog-ng/">Michael at otacoo</a> article. Example;</p>
<p>Edit /pgsql/data/<a href="../conf/srv/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf">postgresql.conf</a>;</p>
<pre>
log_destination = 'syslog' # Can specify multiple destinations
syslog_facility='LOCAL0'
syslog_ident='postgres'
log_connections = on
</pre>
<p>Create /etc/logrotate.d/postgres;</p>
<pre>
/var/log/pgsql {
weekly
compress
delaycompress
rotate 10
notifempty
create 660 postgres postgres
}
</pre>
<pre>
destination postgres { file("/var/log/pgsql"); };
filter f_postgres { facility(local0); };
log { source(s_log); filter(f_postgres); destination(postgres); };
</pre>
<h2 id="createuser">3. Create User</h2>
<p>Create a new user with createuser command;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo -u postgres createuser --pwprompt --encrypted \
--no-createrole --no-createdb flyspray
Enter password for new user:
Enter it again:
</pre>
<h2 id="createdb">4. Create Database</h2>
<p>Create a new database for new user with createdb command;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo -u postgres createdb --template=template0 --encoding=UTF8 \
--owner=flyspray db_flyspray
</pre>
<h2 id="dropdb">5. Drop Database</h2>
<p>Deleting database with dropdb command;</p>
<pre>
sudo -u postgres dropdb db_flyspray
</pre>
<h2 id="dropuser">6. Drop User</h2>
<p>Deleting user with dropuser command;</p>
<pre>
sudo -u postgres dropuser flyspray
</pre>
<h2 id="psql">7. Psql</h2>
<p>Lets check with psql, login with user postgres;</p>
<pre>
$ sudo -u postgres psql
</pre>
<p>First show help;</p>
<pre>
postgres=# \?
</pre>
<h3 id="listdb">7.1. List Databases and Roles</h3>
<p>List roles then list databases;</p>
<pre>
postgres=# \dg
postgres=# \l
</pre>
<h3 id="psqldb">7.2. Create Database</h3>
<pre>
postgres=# create database db_flyspray_ext owner flyspray encoding 'UTF-8' template template0;
</pre>
<h3 id="droptables">7.3. Drop Tables</h3>
<p>This example assumes that all tables,
are in public schema. First connect to database and
list tables;</p>
<pre>
postgres=# revoke SELECT on db_flyspray from flyspray;
</pre>
<pre>
postgres=# \c db_flyspray
postgres=# \dt
</pre>
<p>Drop all tables on public schema and recreate public schema;</p>
<pre>
db_flyspray=# drop schema public cascade;
db_flyspray=# create schema public;
</pre>
<h2 id="backup">8. Backup</h3>
<h3>8.1. Dump databases</h3>
<pre>
$ pg_dumpall -U postgres | gzip > cluster_dump.gz
</pre>
<h3>8.2. Restore</h3>
<pre>
$ gzip -c cluster_dump.gz | psql -U postgres
</pre>
<a href="index.html">Tools Index</a>
<p>
This is part of the Hive System Documentation.
Copyright (C) 2018
c9 team.
See the file <a href="../fdl-1.3-standalone.html">Gnu Free Documentation License</a>
for copying conditions.</p>
</body>
</html>
|