diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'js/baba-yaga/docs/ref.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | js/baba-yaga/docs/ref.txt | 213 |
1 files changed, 213 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/js/baba-yaga/docs/ref.txt b/js/baba-yaga/docs/ref.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88320fe --- /dev/null +++ b/js/baba-yaga/docs/ref.txt @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +BABA YAGA LANGUAGE REFERENCE +============================ + +SYNTAX +------ +var : value; // assignment +var Type; var : value; // typed assignment +f : x -> body; // function +f : x y -> body; // multi-param function +f : (x: Type) -> Type -> body; // typed function +f : x -> y -> body; // curried function +f : x -> with (locals) -> body; // with locals +f : x -> with rec (fns) -> body;// with mutual recursion + +LITERALS +-------- +42 // Int +3.14 // Float +"text" // String +true false // Bool +[1,2,3] // List +{a:1, b:2} // Table +PI INFINITY // constants + +OPERATORS (precedence high→low) +------------------------------- +f x, obj.prop // call, access +- ! // unary minus, not +* / % // multiply, divide, modulo ++ - // add, subtract += != < <= > >= // comparison +and or // logical +.. // string concat + +CONTROL FLOW +------------ +when x is // pattern match + 0 then "zero" + Int then "number" + _ then "other"; + +when x y is // multi-discriminant + 0 0 then "origin" + _ _ then "other"; + +x if (condition) then result // pattern guard +_ then "fallback"; + +TYPES +----- +Int Float Number String Bool List Table Result Function + +Int ⊂ Float ⊂ Number // type hierarchy +Ok value | Err message // Result variants + +ARRAY OPERATIONS +---------------- +// Core HOFs +map f xs // [f x | x <- xs] +filter p xs // [x | x <- xs, p x] +reduce f z xs // f(...f(f(z,x1),x2)...,xn) + +// Array programming +scan f z xs // cumulative reduce +cumsum xs // cumulative sum +cumprod xs // cumulative product +at indices xs // xs[indices] +where p xs // indices where p x is true +take n xs // first n elements +drop n xs // drop first n elements +broadcast f scalar xs // f scalar to each x +zipWith f xs ys // [f x y | (x,y) <- zip xs ys] +reshape dims xs // reshape flat array to matrix +flatMap f xs // concat (map f xs) + +// List manipulation +append xs x // xs ++ [x] +prepend x xs // [x] ++ xs +concat xs ys // xs ++ ys +update xs i x // xs with xs[i] = x +removeAt xs i // xs without xs[i] +slice xs start end // xs[start:end] +length xs // |xs| + +// Utilities +chunk xs n // split xs into chunks of size n +range start end // [start..end] +repeat n x // [x,x,...] (n times) +sort.by xs f // sort xs by key function f +group.by xs f // group xs by key function f + +TABLE OPERATIONS +---------------- +set tbl k v // tbl with tbl[k] = v +remove tbl k // tbl without tbl[k] +merge tbl1 tbl2 // tbl1 ∪ tbl2 +keys tbl // [k | k <- tbl] +values tbl // [tbl[k] | k <- tbl] +shape x // metadata: kind, rank, shape, size + +STRING OPERATIONS +----------------- +str.concat s1 s2 ... // s1 + s2 + ... +str.split s delim // split s by delim +str.join xs delim // join xs with delim +str.length s // |s| +str.substring s start end // s[start:end] +str.replace s old new // replace old with new in s +str.trim s // strip whitespace +str.upper s // uppercase +str.lower s // lowercase +text.lines s // split by newlines +text.words s // split by whitespace + +MATH OPERATIONS +--------------- +// Arithmetic +math.abs x // |x| +math.sign x // -1, 0, or 1 +math.min x y, math.max x y // min/max +math.clamp x lo hi // clamp x to [lo,hi] + +// Rounding +math.floor x, math.ceil x // ⌊x⌋, ⌈x⌉ +math.round x, math.trunc x // round, truncate + +// Powers & logs +math.pow x y // x^y +math.sqrt x // √x +math.exp x, math.log x // e^x, ln(x) + +// Trigonometry +math.sin x, math.cos x, math.tan x +math.asin x, math.acos x, math.atan x, math.atan2 y x +math.deg x, math.rad x // degrees ↔ radians + +// Random +math.random // [0,1) +math.randomInt lo hi // [lo,hi] + +FUNCTION COMBINATORS +-------------------- +flip f // λx y. f y x +apply f x // f x +pipe x f // f x (reverse apply) +compose f g // λx. f (g x) (binary compose) + +VALIDATION & DEBUG +------------------ +// Validation +validate.notEmpty x // x is not empty +validate.range lo hi x // lo ≤ x ≤ hi +validate.type "Type" x // x has type Type +validate.email x // x is valid email + +// Debugging +debug.print [name] value // print with optional name +debug.inspect x // detailed inspection +assert condition message // throw if condition false + +I/O +--- +io.out value // print value +io.in // read stdin + +JAVASCRIPT INTEROP +------------------ +io.callJS fnName args // call JS function synchronously +io.callJSAsync fnName args // call JS function asynchronously +io.getProperty obj propName // get JS object property +io.setProperty obj propName val // set JS object property +io.hasProperty obj propName // check if JS property exists +io.jsArrayToList jsArray // convert JS array to Baba Yaga list +io.listToJSArray list // convert Baba Yaga list to JS array +io.objectToTable jsObj // convert JS object to Baba Yaga table +io.tableToObject table // convert Baba Yaga table to JS object +io.getLastJSError // get last JS error (if available) +io.clearJSError // clear last JS error (if available) + +EXAMPLES +-------- +// Fibonacci +fib : n -> when n is 0 then 0 1 then 1 _ then (fib (n-1)) + (fib (n-2)); + +// Array processing pipeline +process : xs -> + with ( + filtered : filter (x -> (x % 2) = 0) xs; + doubled : map (x -> x * 2) filtered; + summed : reduce (acc x -> acc + x) 0 doubled; + ) -> summed; + +// Result handling +safeDivide : x y -> when y is 0 then Err "div by zero" _ then Ok (x / y); +use : r -> when r is Ok v then v Err _ then 0; + +// Pattern matching with guards +classify : x -> when x is + n if ((n > 0) and (n < 10)) then "small positive" + n if (n >= 10) then "large positive" + n if (n < 0) then "negative" + _ then "zero"; + +// Mutual recursion +evenOdd : n -> with rec ( + even : x -> when x is 0 then true _ then odd (x - 1); + odd : x -> when x is 0 then false _ then even (x - 1); +) -> {even: even n, odd: odd n}; + +// Array programming +matrix : reshape [2,3] [1,2,3,4,5,6]; // [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]] +indices : where (x -> x > 3) [1,2,3,4,5]; // [3,4] +selected : at indices [10,20,30,40,50]; // [40,50] \ No newline at end of file |